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Jotaro! Ciò che credevi fosse uno spirito maligno è un'emanazione spirituale creata dalla tua stessa energia vitale! Dato che appare vicino a te, questa proiezione viene chiamata: "Stand"!
Uno Stand (スタンド, Sutando) è un'emanazione spirituale dell' "energia vitale" (生命エネルギー, Seimei enerugī) di una persona.[1] È un potere esclusivo alla serie JoJo's Bizarre Adventure.
Uno Stand è un'entità generata psichicamente dal suo proprietario, che viene chiamato Portatore di Stand (スタンド使い, Sutando Tsukai).[2] Generalmente si presenta come una figura eterea che levita sopra o vicino al portatore e possiede abilità oltre a quelle di un normale essere umano, che, a seconda del portatore di Stand, possono essere esercitate per scopi benigni o maligni.
Gli stand sono definiti come emanazioni della "energia vitale", le cui abilità sono rappresentante mediante una forma concreta. Quando questo potere viene presentato per la prima volta, il termine è scritto come "Stand" (幽波紋, Sutando),[3] attraverso i furigana per cambiare la pronuncia di ciò che realmente si traduce in "Spirito di Onde Concentriche" (幽波紋, Yūhamon) in kanji. Secondo Joseph Joestar, il nome "Stand" deriva dal fatto che la stragrande maggioranza degli Stand di solito si manifesta stando accanto al proprio portatore: pronto ad agire al suo comando.
Gli Stand sono tipicamente usati per il combattimento
Con specifici limiti, uno Stand incarna la psiche dell'individuo, di solito come rappresentazione dello "spirito combattivo" del suo portatore. Tuttavia, la volontà richiesta per manifestare uno Stand non ha bisogno di essere conflittuale, derivante da qualsiasi esplorazione delle possibilità della mente, che si tratti della padronanza di uno specifico mestiere, di un forte desiderio o anche di crisi personali. Al di là di questa definizione, gli Stand si presentano in una grande varietà di forme e con comportamenti diversi, ammesso che questi siano senzienti. Seguono una serie di regole vaghe, senza uno standard definito in base al quale classificarle completamente. In quanto incarnazione della psiche di qualcuno, gli Stand sono tanto vari quanto possono esserlo le menti umane.
A causa della loro diversità, gli Stand non sono uguali. Alcuni possono essere incredibilmente potenti di conseguenza ad un eccezionale determinazione del portatore, altri possono essere altamente situazionali a causa di stranezze nel carattere determinante, o addirittura dannosi per il loro portatore se non questi non presentano il necessario spirito combattivo.
Star Platinum, la carta della "Stella"
Quando gli Stand furono introdotti per la prima volta in Stardust Crusaders, prendevano il nome dagli Arcani Maggiori dei Tarocchi e successivamente dalle Antiche Divinità Egiziane, con le loro fisionomie che spesso presentavano motivi provenienti dalle carte o figure mitologiche. Verso la fine di Stardust Crusaders e nei successivi archi narrativi, gli Stand furono nominati con riferimenti a musicisti, albums, bands e canzoni del mondo musicale Americano, Australiano, Britannico e Europeo; solo uno Stand è stato nominato in riferimento alla musica Giapponese.[4]
Gli Stands e gli altri poteri sovrannaturali, come le Onde Concentriche, la Rotazione e i poteri ottenuti dalla Maschera di Pietra, sono tutte correllate per la loro natura.[5] Si dice che questa abilità siano servite da lancio allo sviluppo di uno Stand, a prova di questo vi sono alcuniStands.
Gli Stand sono anche collegati a un virus alieno contenuto nella roccia di un meteorite caduto a Cape York, in Groenlandia. È spiegato che il virus possa infettare le persone e che possa essere nella maggior parte dei casi letale, ma che ai pochi sopravvisuti venga concessa un potere Stand.
REGOLE DEGLI STANDS
Lo Stand è creato dalla psiche di qualcuno, questo può essere sia un umano, ma anche un'altro essere vivente. Tale individuo è indicato come portatore di Stand. Il portatore assegna quindi un nome al proprio Stand e lo può utilizzare a suo piacimento.
Uno Stand e il proprio portatore solitamente condividono le ferite
A meno che non siano legati a un oggetto specifico o automatici, gli Stand sono legati al corpo del portatore. In tal caso, qualsiasi danno subito allo Stand si traduce in una lesione equivalente sul corpo del portatore e viceversa. Le eccezioni a questa regola includono Stand automatici e Stand vincolati, che di solito non riflettono il danno nel portatore, o abilità speciali come l'armatura di Silver Chariot.
Tranne in rare occasioni, quando un portatore di Stand muore, il suo Stand scompare con lui. Se uno Stand subisce così tanti danni da essere distrutto, muore anche il portatore. Tuttavia un portatore di Stand può soppravvivere anche con il proprio Stand distrutto[6] se lo Stand è automatico o a seconda della ferita riportata sul portatore. Al contrario, alcuni Stand sopravvivono anche in caso di morte del proprio portatore, esempio Notorious B.I.G.
Poiché uno Stand è la rappresentazione della psiche del suo portatore, condividono un intimo legame psichico. Innanzitutto, gli Stand di solito obbediscono al comando dei loro Portatori senza opporre resistenza. Se un portatore lo richiede, lo Stand eseguirà qualsiasi compito all'interno delle sue capacità, incluso l'attaccare qualcuno, il difendere il portatore o l'eseguire qualsiasi altro ordine. Nel caso in cui uno Stand sia senziente, può occasionalmente avvisare il proprio portatore che un ordine non è saggio, ma che lo eseguirà comunque senza indugio. Gli Stand sono stati visti proteggere i propri Portatori anche in alcune situazioni, come per esempio quando Jotaro tento di spararsi da solo,[7] o quando Weather Report tentò di suicidarsi con una pistola.[8]
Holly si ammala a causa del suo Stand
Tuttavia, ci sono casi in cui uno Stand non può essere controllato dal portatore. Può essere dovuto al fatto che questo sia automatico come Super Fly o che una persona ottenga uno stand senza avere uno spirita combattivo come Holy Kujo.[9]In entrambi i casi, uno Stand può agire accidentalmente contro gli interessi del suo portatore a causa del suo potere non controllato. Tuttavia, in particolare nel secondo caso, uno Stand può andare fuori controllo e uccidere lentamente il suo utilizzatore, agendo come una malattia. Secondo Muhammad Avdol, il portatore si ammala, poi cade in un coma da cui non sarà capace di svegliarsi; inoltre, tali eventi sono abbastanza comuni, infatti egli afferma di aver visto molta gente perire a causa di questo.[9]
Una delle regole che definiscono gli Stand è che una persona può possedere un solo stand (alla volta). Sebbene gli Stand possano assumere forme diverse o essere suddivisi in più entità, nessuno è in grado di evocare più Stand contemporaneamente. Sebbene circostanze eccezionali possano portare qualcuno a controllare più Stands, solo uno sarà lo Stand a favore del portatore. Uno Stand generalmente rimane attaccato al suo portatore, ma a volte può cambiare portatore. Ad esempio, può essere rubato al suo portatore originale o se l'abilità dello Stand comporta il costante cambio di Portatori. Grazie ai Dischi di Whitesnake, uno Stand sarà in grado di cambiare portatore ma agirà a favore di quello nuovo. Altri Stands, come Anubis o Cheap Trick, cercheranno attivamente di cambiare portatore e la loro natura malevola li porterà a ferire i propri Portatori.
Occasionalmente, uno Stand potrà emettere un Grido dello Stand, urlando ripetitivamente mentre sferra dei colpi.
UTILIZZARE UNO STAND
Quando un portatore ottiene il proprio Stand, il suo controllo su di esso è in parte legato all'istinto ma necessita di pratica.
Quando un portatore scopre il proprio Stand, di solito non ha ne sà nulla e quindi deve capire qual è il suo potere per conto suo. A volte l'abilità è semplice e facile da comprendere come Echoes di Koichi Hirose, altre volte uno Stand senziente può spiegare il proprio potere direttamente al suo portatore come fece Spice Girl con Trish Una,[10] ma a volte il portatore avrà bisogno di tempo per conoscere il potere del proprio Stand. per fare un esempio, sia DIO che Jotaro hanno dovuto possedere il loro Stand per del tempo prima di capire di poter fermare il tempo.[11]
DIO scopre la sua abilità di fermare il tempo
Successivamente, spetta al portatore scoprire cosa può davvero fare il proprio Stand con le sue abilità. Un portatore di Stand avrà bisogno di pratica per sviluppare il potenziale del proprio Stand e manipolarlo in modo più efficace. Le sottigliezze nascoste e le applicazioni del potere dello Stand possono richiedere tempo prima che il portatore se ne accorga. Giorno Giovanna, per esempio dovette usare Gold Experience su Bruno Bucciarati per scoprire cosa facesse l'abilità di dare vita alle persone,[12] e in modo simile scoprì anche che il suo Stand poteva curare le ferite.[13]
Per utilizzare uno Stand, il portatore deve evocarlo consapevolmente. Allo stesso modo, per usare il suo potere, il portatore deve comandare il proprio Stand. Pertanto, i portatori di Stand sono comunque vulnerabili ad attacchi furtivi. Ciò non si applica con gli stand automatici.
Nello spin-off Crazy Diamond's Demonic Heartbreak, il personaggio Karaiya afferma che gli animali con Stand hanno meno forza di volontà delle loro controparti umane e quindi i loro poteri sono frenati dai loro istinti naturali e che è necessario un altro cervello come controllore per far emergere il pieno potenziale del potere Stand. Lui stesso è riuscito in qualche modo a collegare la sua anima a un pappagallo dandogli un pezzo del suo orecchio, ed è quindi in grado di controllare il potere del pappagallo (Karaiya dice che "condividono lo stesso Stand") oltre che a potenziarlo così che ora possa proiettare anche sulle altre persone i ricordi registrati dal pappagallo.[14]
In most cases, Stand users are either born with the ability to use their Stands at an early age or with the potential to unlock one later in life. This Stand potential can notably be inherited,[15] however without it a person can not achieve a Stand through natural means. For those born with it, the trigger for unlocking one's Stand varies with the user but is generally derived through the refinement of their talents or skills throughout their life. As such, a Stand's awakening and abilities are often tied to the users' occupation.[16] Notable users who acquired a Stand through natural means include Noriaki Kakyoin, Muhammad Avdol, Tonio Trussardi, and Kenzou. In case of animal Stand users, like Iggy or Bug-Eaten, it's left ambiguous whether their heightened intelligence is the result or a prerequisite of awakening a Stand.
Stands are also noted to awaken through the mere presence of powerful Stand users in the general area,[17] however the most widespread way to trigger one immediately is to be pierced by a special Arrow made from a meteor from outer space. If a person has the potential, they will survive being stabbed and acquire a Stand. Otherwise, the person will die. Notable people who unlock their Stand this way include DIO, Koichi Hirose, Diavolo, Enrico Pucci, and Jolyne Cujoh.
Moreover, if someone acquires a Stand this way, their existing descendants will also gain a Stand, although it may not manifest itself at first or be uncontrollable. In one such case, Jonathan Joestar's body was pierced by the Arrow, causing every living member of the Joestar Family to awaken their own Stands. The way siblings acquire Stands is portrayed inconsistently: although Koichi Hirose awakened a Stand, his sister Ayana Hirose did not; however, the twins Enrico and Wes both awakened a Stand when Enrico was pierced.
In the new continuity of Steel Ball Run and JoJolion, the Arrows remain unseen. Stands can still be developed naturally, like Pocoloco's, and their potential can still be inherited, as shown with the Joestar and Higashikata families. Outside of these means, Stands are usually brought out by certain supernatural landmarks.
Enduring through the harsh conditions of the Devil's Palm, a shifting landmass in North America, or living long enough near the Wall Eyes of Morioh can draw out one's Stand. Notable Devil's Palm survivors include Mountain Tim, Oyecomova and Ringo Roadagain, while many Morioh residents, like Ojiro Sasame, Daiya Higashikata and seemingly most Rock Humans, unlocked their Stands through the mere exposure to future Wall Eyes emergence sites.
Both the Devil's Palm and the Wall Eyes are either directly stated or hinted to have come from the power of the Saint's Corpse, a set of mummified relics with miraculous properties. Among them is the ability of individual Corpse Parts, usually housed within a Devil's Palm, to grant Stands to worthy bearers that the Corpse chooses to fuse with. Because the user's capacity to wield these Stands is initially tied to the Corpse's own holy power, they can be lost if the Corpse Part is extracted. However, as the user acclimates and develops their technique, the Stand can eventually become fully theirs to keep, like in the case of Johnny Joestar's evolving Tusk.
Uniquely, the Saint's Corpse can also grant Stands to the surrounding flora, creating cursed locales like Sugar Mountain Spring or Shakedown Road, and also manifest entirely separate Stand-like entities dubbed "guardians" for its own mysterious purposes. A Stand of a Corpse Part bearer might initially be one of these guardians, as was the case with Tusk.
Spiritual Connections
Stand users share a number of spiritual connections with each other, which manifest in several supernatural phenomena.
Firstly, Stand users attract other Stand users. Likened by different characters to either a "red string of fate" or "gravity", this link ensures that Stand users will eventually meet one another, especially if they live in the same general area. This rule was most prevalent in Diamond is Unbreakable and Vento Aureo, where many fateful meetings, such as Koichi Hirose immediately bumping into Giorno Giovanna when tasked to find him,[18] had this phenomenon as their undercurrent explanation.
Secondly, if Stand users happen to be related to each other, they will share a strong psychic bond. It's most prominently exhibited as an ability to sense the presence of Stand using relatives. Even without having met each other in person, people sharing this link will be able to roughly tell how far away they are from each other, although they usually can't discern the exact direction the sensation is coming from. They can also tell if their family members are alive regardless of distance.[19][20] These nuances were, for example, used in the battle with DIO, when the retreating Joseph Joestar "masked" the presence of Jotaro Kujo closing in on DIO from the back,[21] and were also the main reason for why the Boss of Passione considered killing his estranged daughter Trish Una essential to maintaining complete anonymity.[22]
If the familial ties between Stand users are especially strong, such as the bond between twins or loving parents and children, the people in question will sometimes share injuries or even supernatural changes to their body.[23] This was showcased with Enya Geil manifesting her son's stab wounds after his death,[24] and Jotaro subconsciously sending a message to Jolyne Cujoh via Star Platinum carving her name in his skin.[25]
In the newcontinuity, only the rule of Stand user attraction is shown to be in effect.[26]
The "Stands" in JoJo can be conceptualized as a reification of hidden talent, with their source being a sort of energy that's been in the Earth since ancient times.[27] The oldest known instance of a Stand user dates back to the 16th century with the death of Caravan Serai and the emancipation of his Stand, Anubis.
The Arrows' creator
Approximately 50,000 years ago, a meteorite crash landed on Earth around an underpopulated region of Cape York, Greenland. Several hundred years before the discovery of the virus, a man who wished to acquire the power of gods took the rocks and fashioned them into a set of Arrows. What happens to them through the centuries remains unknown.
In 1978, a mineral excavation team discovered the meteorite and uncovered an unknown virus within the rocks of the surrounding area and determined that it has been laying dormant inside the meteorite that hit Earth long ago. Despite extensive research, government doctors were unable to determine the alien virus' purpose outside the culling of life. Akin to the theory of evolution, it was discovered that certain people possessed the quality that would allow them to survive when exposed to the virus, rewarding them new abilities as they surpassed the trial.[28]
The Arrows resurface in 1986 when an Egyptian ruins investigation team uncovered six of them from underneath the Egypt desert. The Arrows were eventually stolen by Diavolo, who sold five of them to Enya the Hag. The Arrows allowed the wielder to unlock Stand abilities in those who had the potential to awaken one, essentially acting as the aforementioned trigger. Thus since the '80s, there has a been a sharp rise in the population of Stand users. The five Arrows sold to Enya were eventually distributed between various people across the world, among them were Keicho Nijimura, Yoshihiro Kira, Jean Pierre Polnareff, and the Speedwagon Foundation.[29]
The information below derives from El Aleph which was not written by Araki. As such, it may not be considered canon.
In the light novel rey infinito, a magnitude 8.1 earthquake struck Peru in 1966. It caused large deformations in the earth's crust below the mountain range. Speedwagon Foundation investigators carried out a geographical investigation in Pucallpa, and found an area with a new, large-scale depression. However, researchers that entered that area suddenly suffered from unexplained illnesses resulting in unnatural deaths. Some of the researchers that survived exhibited strange changes in their bodies, such as spontaneous combustion or electrical discharge. The cause was a strange mineral that had been exposed by the earthquake, causing them to be infected with an unknown virus.
Lisa Lisa learned that in the distant past, there were cases of people finding and harvesting the same mineral in regions other than Peru for their own purposes. The ore was carved to make Arrows, eventually leading to several of the Arrows being spread throughout South America and other regions.[30]
The Speedwagon Foundation investigators in South America call the power awakened by the Arrows "las Maravillas" (驚異の力).[31]
Concludes non-canon section.
Second Continuity
Stands are reintroduced in later parts with much vaguer origins. In Steel Ball Run, Stands were described as being granted by the Devil's Palm and the Corpse Parts it housed, which both bestowed power to those that could seek them out and survive their presence. In 1890-1891, to reassemble the Saint's Corpse and gain control of its miraculous power, the United States government staged the eponymous Steel Ball Run race as a way to scour the territory for individual Corpse Parts under the guise of a public event. The full Saint's Corpse was then sealed under Trinity Church, Manhattan, after which the Devil's Palm seemingly ceased to be.
The Saint's Corpse was then briefly smuggled into Morioh, Japan in 1901 by former Steel Ball Run contestant Johnny Joestar to cure his wife'sterminal illness through the Corpse's power of Equivalent Exchange. As Johnny died in the process, the Corpse was retrieved by US government agents and returned to America.[32] Consequently to these events the grounds of Morioh started exhibiting strange properties, one of which was the ability to draw out Stands. Despite the Wall Eyes, a geological formation similar to the Devil's Palm, emerging in Morioh only during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake , a lot of the town's Stand users have awakened their Stands long before that, many having lived next to or on top of future Wall Eyes emergence sites.[33][34]
Despite an established connection between the Saint's Corpse and Stands, much of the specifics are shrouded in mystery. People who live near Stand-granting landmarks sometimes offer alternative explanations of their origin. For example, according to a Native American legend, the Devil's Palm was a crater left by an ancient meteor, similar to the one from the original universe.[35] A significant number of Stand users also never came in contact with either the Saint's Corpse or the formations it left behind. Finally, it's up to interpretation whether the Corpse's power is something shared among other similar relics, as some characters have implied,[36] or is simply an extension of an abilitythe Saint had in life.
Stand-endowing grounds have also historically been connected to the cryptid species of Rock Humans, the vast majority of whom are Stand users. Rock Humans hold a great reverence for the powers found within the Earth, and as such they're drawn to places like the Devil's Palm and the Wall Eyes, considering them their "true home".[37]
Stands present themselves in a wide variety of forms. Some adopt a humanoid form, others, the appearance of an object or a tool. These Stands all share an inability to be viewed by ordinary humans, unless bound to physical objects. In addition, some Stands can simply be devoid of appearance, simply manifesting themselves as a special power.
Stands can be divided into 5 trends based on their physical appearance. The first four are categorized using the following descriptors: Natural (生命・自然事物型 Seimei Shizenji Butsu-gata, lit. Living/Natural Things), Artificial (人工・機械型 Jinkō Kikai-gata, lit. Artificial/Mechanism), Humanoid (人型 Hito-gata) and Non-Humanoid (非・人型 Hihito-gata). A fifth category, referred to as Phenomenon (現象型 Genshō-gata) or Other (その他 Sonohoka), exists to encompass all Stands that do not fit into any of the previous trends.[6][38]
A Stand's appearance is not set in stone. Stands change appearance as their users age. As seen with Jean Pierre Polnareff's Silver Chariot[39] or Jobin Higashikata's Speed King,[40] young Stand users have typically childlike Stands and when they become adults, the Stands' features also become adult-like. A special category of Stands that can evolve into different forms or ACTs, is also able to change form and therefore appearance. Finally, a Stand pierced by the Bow and Arrow can evolve into a brand new form called a Requiem Stand.
When a Stand is injured, they may either bleed like an organic being, crumble into ashes, fizzle out in flashes of light, or break into small pieces like a statue.
Personality
Some Stands emote, but most don't
Most Stands display no personality, sometimes because they do not have a form with which to emote, but the majority of humanoid Stands simply hover behind and above the user awaiting a command. Some Stands display bits of personalities through facial expressions, but it is ambiguous whether the emotions come from the Stand or simply reflect the user's state of mind. Stand users can talk through their Stands as a way of communicating with their friend or foe.
For unknown reasons, a handful of Stands do have a separate consciousness from their users. They are sentient and can converse with their users whenever they are summoned. Although they display a variety of personalities, most still obey their users to the letter. Examples of such Stands include Echoes ACT3, Sex Pistols, and Dragon's Dream. Rarely, these Stands are uncontrollable and have no true master, and instead, move from host to host and actively seek to harm their "user" with their powers. Anubis and Cheap Trick are examples of such Stands.
Whenever a Stand talks, their otherworldly nature is indicated in the original manga material as a text written with Katakana. In the case of audiovisual media such as the anime or a video game, a Stand's voice will possess a ghostly echo and mechanical tone.
Each Stand possesses supernatural properties as well as a special, unique power, indirectly granting its user superhuman abilities:
Stands can act unseen from most
In general, a Stand is invisible to normal humans, yet can interact with normal objects. It allows the user to use their Stand unnoticed by a large majority of the population. The mundane use of a Stand has been likened to a poltergeist phenomenon by normal people. Even a Stand's power is invisible for ordinary humans; for instance, normal people cannot see Magician's Red's flames but can feel its heat.[41]
Stands are ethereal and, as a result, possess intangibility. It is uncommon but not unheard of for Stand users to channel their Stands inside their bodies to protect themselves, using their Stand's superhuman durability to their advantage. It is even more uncommon for Stands to phase through objects, but the possibility exists.
A Stand is ordinarily invulnerable to any harm except against another Stand or if their Stand user is harmed. In the rare case that a powerful enough force is exerted on a Stand, it can take damage.[42]
As psychic projections, users can also communicate through their Stands. Barring rare exceptions, a Stand user typically shares their consciousness with their Stand and is able to see through its eyes. Moreover, a Stand user can also speak through their Stand, enabling a form of distant communication. However, the Stand must have a mouth or otherwise be able to speak to do so. Notable examples include Star Platinum, Death Thirteen, Highway Star, King Crimson, and Whitesnake.
Only Stands can harm Stands
On the assumption that Stands are images created out of energy, users possess the ability to slightly manipulate their form. The only two times this ability was consciously utilized were in the part where Stands debuted, Stardust Crusaders. The first instance was Jotaro focusing Star Platinum's energy into its fingertips to rapidly extend them for a piercing attack, only doing so when the rest of the Stand is immobilized.[43] The second was Kakyoin and Polnareff shrinking their Stands to a microscopic level. However, Polnareff indicated that it was difficult to manipulate the Stand at such a subtle level and that it was taxing to maintain the small size,[44] making that property impractical in most cases.
Power
Each Stand possesses an esoteric and unique power that defines it and sets it apart from other Stands.
A sword Stand and a fire Stand
A Stand's power can wildly vary between Stands. The nature of the power can range from relatively mundane powers such as using a sword or controlling flames to extremely powerful ones such as the ability to manipulate the flow of time. These powers have many different subtleties, such as a limited range or a special way of manifesting themselves, that can be exploited during a fight. For instance, Sticky Fingers can create zippers on any surface, but it has to hit an object with its hand to be able to create them. It is up to the user to know how to protect themselves or use their enemy's weakness to their advantage.
The user is sometimes immune, or protected to a degree against the power of their Stand. For instance, Prosciutto can stay young despite his The Grateful Dead aging everyone around it. However, the reverse is just as widespread, as Stand users like Pannacotta Fugo with Purple Haze's virus, and Muhammad Avdol and Magician's Red's flames are stated to be just as vulnerable.
In rare cases, Stands can have the same abilities. Usually, siblings like the D'ArbyBrothers or tworats can roughly have the same power.
Barring rare exceptions, if the Stand is destroyed or the user is knocked out, the Stand's power immediately disappears and any modification to the environment due to its power is reversed.
Each Stand is unique, but many share enough characteristics that they may be grouped under specific Stand Types. Uncommon special Stands may appear in the story from time to time due to exceptional circumstances.
Despite the variety of powers shown throughout the series, no Stand has the ability to truly bring back a person whose soul has departed.[45]
Range
Great power can be offset by short range
One of the most important features of a Stand is its range. Stands in principle can only be used within a predetermined range centering around the Stand's owner. As such, for the sake of convenience, the range that a Stand can perform abilities is referred to as "Firing Range" (射程距離). A Stand's range and accuracy are inversely proportional; the further the Stand moves away from its firing range, the weaker and less subtle it becomes. This principle is applied to almost all Stands. Furthermore, this can be construed more specifically as an "effective firing range", as a Stand will only gradually lose effectiveness the further it deviates from its firing range, rather than just relinquish immediately.[38] The Stand's range is effectively just the range where it can optimally perform, though this can notably fluctuate depending on the emotional state of the user.[46]
From a general point of view, all Stands can be roughly divided into two types: "short distance", and "long distance". As a trend, short-range types display great power, many of which excel at direct blows or destruction (Silver Chariot, Crazy Diamond, Sticky Fingers, etc.), and are often referred to as "Power Types". Long-range types typically have a special ability that lets them attack indirectly. (Hierophant Green, Echoes ACT1, Beach Boy, etc.)
Some long-distance types are referred to as "Automatic Pilot", in which the "power vs distance from user" principle does not apply, since autopilot types are typically an extension of an "effect" that results in a Stand triggering. As such, these Stands are independent of the Stand user's will and mental strength, and their power does not drop as a result. As a related note, certain Stand abilities do not have specified ranges (Earth Wind and Fire), an example being time-based powers, such as The World or King Crimson.[38]
Example of Stand parameters displayed (Star Platinum) in JOJOVELLER
Stand Parameters (スタンドパラメータ, Sutando Paramēta), or Stand Statistics, are six statistics used outside of the story to gauge a Stand's capabilities. Some parameters refer to specific abilities of the Stand, such as in the case of Moody Blues and Whitesnake. They are, clockwise from top: Destructive Power, Speed, Range, Stamina, Precision, and Developmental Potential.
Destructive Power (破壊力, Hakairyoku):
Measures the Stand's strength and ability to cause destruction (physical injury or collateral environmental damage) in a given period of time. Close-Range Stands such as Star Platinum, The World, Crazy Diamond, Killer Queen, Gold Experience and Stone Free will typically boast high destructive power (Rank C or higher). There are also cases like C-MOON, where destructive power is low or not applicable, despite having fairly destructive abilities.
Speed (スピード, Supīdo):
Measures the Stand's agility and reflexes as well as performance speed. This is also typically evaluated fairly high for Close-range Stands. Sometimes it can be strengthened through training, such as with Stands like Silver Chariot.
Range (射程距離, Shatei Kyori):
Measures a compromise of the Stand's range of manifestation, range of ability influence, and spatial mobility. In most cases, it is inversely proportional to destructive power. However, there are cases where both power and range are excellent, such as Red Hot Chili Pepper, Weather Report, and Planet Waves although this is usually offset by having a low precision, or in the case of Red Hot Chili Pepper, requiring electricity to work. In addition, a Stand's range may decrease due to evolution, such as with Echoes and Made in Heaven.
Stamina (持続力, Jizoku-ryoku):
Measures the duration of time that the Stand can actively maintain its ability. It can also be used in the sense of the time it takes before a special ability can be activated again, such as Star Platinum: The World's time stop.
Precision (精密動作性, Seimitsu Dōsa-sei):
Measures the Stand's accuracy and range of influence/effect of their abilities to specified targets. Automatic-type Stands are generally evaluated with Rank D or under with a fewexceptions.
Development Potential (成長性, Seichō-sei):
Measures the Stand's possible functions, utilization of its abilities and powers, and capacity to improve its overall capabilities. It decreases in rank as the user masters their Stand. For example, Jotaro Kujo's Star Platinum is Rank A in Developmental Potential during Stardust Crusaders, but is given a Complete rank during Stone Ocean, as Jotaro has had many years to hone Star Platinum's power. For a Stand to gain an E-Ranking, it means that either their Stand user discovered all of their Stand's abilities or the Stand came with few abilities and thus cannot grow any more than it has. Stands such as Green Day and Notorious B.I.G, with infinitely increasing abilities, will be evaluated highly in this parameter.
Each statistic is ranked from A to E; though rankings of None and Infinite are also possible. If a rank is Unknown, it will show a question mark (?); this is usually because the Stand or its full capabilities have not yet been or will not be revealed in the storyline. Rankings are defined as follows:
A: Very Good (超スゴイ, Chō Sugoi)
B: Good (スゴイ, Sugoi)
C: Average (人間と同じ, Ningen to Onaji, lit. "Comparable to a Human")
D: Poor (ニガテ, Nigate)
E: Very Poor (超ニガテ, Chō Nigate)
Stand Parameters were first introduced in Vento Aureo as part of a series of tailpieces inserted in specific chapters. Each page typically features information on a Stand relevant to the story arc, including their name, user, parameters, and description of their ability. Steel Ball Run and JoJolion do not display parameters, but Stands introduced during these arcs, as well as the arcs prior to Vento Aureo, are given them in artbooks.
Araki had conceived his idea of Stand following a need to illustrate his character's abilities and drew inspiration from several sources. As the Vampires and therefore the Ripple, which was needed to fight them, became less relevant, there was a need to innovate the way characters in the series would fight each other. Araki mentions several trains of thought which would eventually lead into the creation of the Stands.
In several instances, Araki says that he was influenced by spiritualism, the ancestor cult of the Shinto religion giving him the idea of an otherworldly being protecting someone.[47][48] Moreover, Yokai legends and folklore would become one of the main inspirations for the Stands' appearances.[49] Araki also claimed that the concept of Stands were inspired by the 'guardian spirit' from Jiro Tsunoda's Ushiro no Hyakutarō manga.[50]
Alternatively, starting from the idea of psychic powers, Araki mentions that his natural skepticism about psychic powers inspired him to draw a psychic entity summoned by the characters. His interrogation about how psychic powers could affect the physical world without any medium led him into illustrating the psychic powers through Stands, which could make the reader visualize the way characters affected the world with their minds.[49] Araki mentions having in mind a punching fist coming out of the body to break an object, and thought that anything could be drawn, giving him a lot of artistic liberty.[51]
Araki explains that Stand abilities are often the first element he thinks of when he creates a character, and that he then develops the character's personality and appearance based on the harmony with said Stand power.[49][52]
A running theme in the Stand abilities of main antagonists is the power to manipulate time and/or space at some point. The World stops time, Killer QueenBites the Dust loops time, King Crimson erases time, Made in Heaven accelerates the flow of time, Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap travels through parallel dimensions, and Wonder of U manipulates calamity. This pattern stems from Araki's belief that the main antagonist should be overpowered and that if one were able to control space and time they would be unstoppable.[53]
While in the original universe, Stand was written as 幽波紋, in Steel Ball Run, 立ち向かうもの was briefly used by Mountain Tim, which literally means "the thing that stands and faces".
In Stardust Crusaders, most of the first Stands introduced are named after the Major Arcana of the Tarot (early on, also modified by a color or metal name). Rider-Waite-Smith numbering is also used (the Justice card visual manifestation features the number eleven and Death Thirteen includes the tarot number in its name). Later on, the remaining Stands excluding The World, Cream, and Tenore Sax are named after Egyptian deities.
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