|Content=The [[Stand]] of [[Pannacotta Fugo]]. It attacked by spreading homicidal viruses from 6 capsules mounted on both its fists. Anyone infected by this virus will rot and die within 30 seconds. However, Fugo is also vulnerable to this virus. The Stand itself only expresses Fugo's violent nature, and therefore has almost no intelligence.
|Content=The [[Stand]] of [[Pannacotta Fugo]]. It attacked by spreading homicidal viruses from 6 capsules mounted on both its fists. Anyone infected by this virus will rot and die within 30 seconds. However, Fugo is also vulnerable to this virus. The Stand itself only expresses Fugo's violent nature, and therefore has almost no intelligence.
The All-Star Battle RJoJo Glossary is a sub-mode of the Shop and Gallery mode which lists common terms and characters from throughout the game. This page lists all of the entries in the Glossary and their respective definitions.
Due to innacuracies and missing information in the English localization of the game, the English definitions on this page are modified to fit closer to the original Japanese definitions.
A red gem that traps light inside itself before being able to be fired like a laser. Once owned by a Roman Emperor, this so-called "Super Aja" grants the Pillar Men the ability to become Ultimate Beings.
A Ripple user and grandson of Will A. Zeppeli. He does not take to the flighty Joseph at first, but warms to him once they fight Wamuu. Lisa Lisa is his mentor. He finally dies when fighting Wamuu, after he creates a blood Ripple bubble.[3]
Grandson of Jonathan Joestar, and a great tactician who can outfox his foes. In the final battle with the Pillar Men, he launches Kars into space using a volcanic eruption.[4] He ends up back in New York as a realtor. He later becomes User of the StandHermit Purple.
Speedwagon sets this up once he becomes a multi-millionaire to carry out medical research and protect wild flora and fauna. Its HQ is in Dallas, Texas, but it has offices worldwide, including one in Tokyo.
The scene of the chariot duel between Joseph and Wamuu.[5] It's located at the Skeleton's Heel, a henge at the foot of Piz Bernina. In antiquity, it was a place for observing the heavens. Later, it was used as a battle arena.
The mightiest of all living creatures, susceptible only to sunlight and Ripple. They are: Kars, Esidisi, Wamuu, and Santana (whose real name is not known). They feed on vampires, using the energy to stay alive for tens of thousands of years.
Two servants at Lisa Lisa's residence, as well as assistant Ripple instructors. Loggins is killed by Esidisi while waiting for Joseph at the final training ground.[6] Though Messina survives Wamuu with his left arm severed,[7] he is unable to participate in the final showdown.
A German army officer who is the commander of a secret base in Mexico. Though proud and a little goofy, he is eminently likeable. He appears to die fighting Santana, but later returns as a cyborg powerful enough to faze even the mighty Kars.
One of the Pillar Men. A user of the Wind Mode, so powerful he has been dubbed a combat genius. He defeats Caesar, but out of respect for his combat skills, lets the blood bubble go.[9] Later, after a ferocious battle with Joseph, he is defeated.[10]
Once belonging to a swordsmith from Ancient Egypt, this Stand manifested itself in a sword when he died. It learns the techniques and absorbs the power of those it fights.
Stand: Sethan. He likes to taunt the weak. He turned Polnareff into a child, but even then barely managed to beat him. He did the same to Jotaro, but was beaten to a pulp and retired.[11]
Stand: Cream. A devoted servant of DIO, who is willing to die for his master. In his fight with Polnareff, he kills both Iggy and Avdol before Polnareff realizes he's a Vampire and kills him with sunlight.[12]
A United States senator in Cairo that runs into DIO, who forces him to drive his car into hapless innocents in pursuit of Joestar and company. The chase ends when he is killed and his body thrown at Joestar and company.[13]
Mother of J. Geil. Stand: Justice. She taught DIO how to use his Stand, but becomes crazed upon losing her son. She goes after Joestar, but DIO kills her. She remains loyal to her master always.
Oingo's Stand is Khnum, while Boingo's Stand is Tohth. The pair oppose the Joestars, but Oingo is retired after destroying himself. Boingo later joins forces with Hol Horse, but is retired after Iggy mauls him.
Stand: Hierophant Green. He has a reserved and honorable personality. He takes the lead in the showdown with DIO, and despite being mortally wounded, managed to warn Joseph about The World's time-stopping abilities before taking his last breath.[14]
Stand: Judgement. One of DIO's hired killers. He uses puppets of Sherry and Avdol to attack Polnareff, but is defeated when the real Avdol shows up and both he and Polnareff send him to hell.
Protagonist of Stardust Crusaders. He is the grandson of Joseph Joestar and father of Jolyne Cujoh. Sharp and always levelheaded, yet passionate in nature. He unearths his time stopping ability to defeat DIO in their ultimate battle.[15]
Iggy's Stand. It takes the form of a sand monster. By its very nature, it cannot suffer physical damage. It has all kinds of useful functions, such as being able to turn into a glider or a dome.
DIO's close-range optimized Stand, with even greater speed and power than Star Platinum, plus the ability to stop time. At first, it can only manage about five seconds, but in battle with Jotaro, it stops time for up to ten seconds.
User of the StandSilver Chariot, he's a chivalrous knight and a chirpy ladies' man. One his travels, he defeats J. Geil and avenges his sister. After a fierce battle with Vanilla Ice, he finally settles back in France.
Jean Pierre Polnareff's Stand, with a sword and armor like a cavalier from the Middle Ages. Its power is unremarkable, but the rapier is awesomely keen, and it can shed its armor to increase its speed. It can also hurl its blade very accurately.
Jotaro Kujo's Stand, boasting such astronomical power, speed, precision, eyesight, and visual acuity that it can catch flying bullets in its fingers. During the battle against DIO, it gained the ability to stop time.[15] Coupled with Jotaro's flawless skills, its awesome stats could make it the greatest Stand in history.
User of the StandOsiris, he is the elder D'arby brother and a pro gambler. He can steal the souls of those who lose his wagers and turn them into poker chips. He beats Polnareff and Joseph, but a poker defeat at the hands of Jotaro sees him retired.
User of the StandThe World, and the archenemy of the Joestars. In the final showdown in Egypt, he uses his Time Stop ability to kill Kakyoin and defeat Joseph and Polnareff. He loses in one-on-one combat with Jotaro, however, and dies.[15]
DIO's secret home in El Cairo City, Egypt. The Joestars close in on the casket of the vampiric DIO, but are forced into a temporary retreat by the might of The World. The final battle then unfolds in the city.
User of the StandEbony Devil, and a henchman of DIO's, known usually as Devo the Cursed. He attacks Polnareff, but dies when the Frenchman's quick wit turns the battle around using a mirror, and almost all of Devo's body is cut to shreds.
User of the StandAtum, and the younger D'arby brother. A natural-born gamer, he steals the souls of other gamers he beats and plants them in puppets to further his collection. He beats Kakyoin, but is retired by Joseph and Jotaro.
A Vampire and once of DIO's henchmen who lacks any Stand abilities. He tries to ensnare the Joestars with his ability to masquerade as a woman, but fails. Captured, he is forced to help open DIO's casket, only to be killed by DIO himself.
Old Joseph Joestar's Stand. It resembles a thorn bush and can perform spirit photography with a Polaroid camera, among other things. Though the thorns have limited attack power, they can prove useful in a variety of other ways.
Noriaki Kakyoin's long-range, humanoid Stand made of a coil that can unravel very fast. It can strike at a range of more than 100m, but with low power. Its Emerald Splash attacks are highly destructive, however.
Mariah's Stand. It appears as an electrical outlet. It can even be placed on non-conducing objects such as rocks. The body of anyone who touches it is magnetized, with the force increasing until it attracts objects as heavy as cars.
The Stand of J. Geil. It appears to exist only within a mirror, and does damage by stabbing reflected victims with a dagger. It can travel extremely fast between mirrors, just as light does.
User of the StandHorus. A falcon who guards the front gate of DIO's Mansion. It nearly kills Iggy until, in a last-ditch gambit, the dog bites off its beak and causes its ice pillar to backfire, killing it.
User of the StandEmperor, and one of DIO's henchmen, he looks like a Wild West cowboy. He lives by the maxim, "Don't be Number 1, be Number 2" and has a keen eye for a good partner. He also claims to be the world's best lover with girls worldwide.
Pet Shop's Stand. It takes the form of a petrified pterosaur. It has the power to control cold, which gives it a versatile arsenal of techniques; in addition to creating ice structures, it also makes icicle missiles and freezes the ground.
Muhammad Avdol's Stand which has a bird's head on a humanoid body. It wields flames so hot, they can melt projectiles in mid-air. It also boasts unusually powerful raw combat skills.
User of the StandBastet. She magnetizes Joseph and Avdol, easily overpowering them. She is retired from the fight when, in the end, their car - and bicycle - covered bodies magnetize to each other and she is crushed between them.
Koichi Hirose's Stand. At first, it appears in the form of an egg, but after fighting with Tamami Kobayashi, it breaks its shell to be born. Echoes evolves with Koichi, initially taking an insectoid form and gradually becoming more human. ACT1 and ACT2's skills are sound-based, while ACT3 has the ability to make matter heavier, and the different ACTs can therefore be used depending on the situation.
A character from Part 4: Diamond is Unbreakable, he is the son of Kosaku Kawajiri and an elementary-school boy. Upon discovering that his father was in fact being impersonated by Yoshikage Kira, he battles against the villain despite suffering at the hands of Bites the Dust.
An antagonist-turned-ally from Part 4: Diamond is Unbreakable, he is Stand User of Heaven's Door. A popular manga artist from Morioh whose acclaimed "Pink Dark Boy" series has been running since he was sixteen. His sole focus is manga, and he'll do anything to make his stories more interesting. Koichi Hirose describes him as a "gray person".
Narancia's Stand. Shaped like a figher plane, it's built to attack with machine guns and missiles. It is also equipped with a radar that's sensitive to carbon dioxide.
An antagonist from Part 5: Vento Aureo, with the StandWhite Album, and a member of La Squadra Esecuzioni. Easily enraged by nature, he is often angered by illogical idioms. He is defeated by Mista's resolve and finished off by Giorno after pursuing their car.
Diavolo's Stand that can erase time and "skip" the events that would have occurred, leaving only the outcome intact. With Epitaph, the second face on its forehead can see into the future. The Stand's own range is roughly 2 metres, and its means of attack are limited to the Stand's own deadly fists.
An ally in Part 5: Vento Aureo. Stand: Sex Pistols. A member of Bucciarati's Gang, he is an optimist with a simple outlook on life, but is obsessed with the idea that the number four is unlucky. After surviving the final battle, he becomes a Capo.
Giorno Giovanna's Stand, able to give life to inanimate objects, turning them into animals or plants. It later becomes able to create organic matter. Towards the end of the Part, it evolves into Gold Experience Requiem when it is pierced by the Arrow.
The Requiem form of Gold Experience, with the supreme ability to nullify all action and will. Even the state of death at the Stand's hand is nullified, such that the victim never actually attains "death", just endlessly dying.
Prosciutto's Stand. It has the ability to indiscrimately age all living organisms, both physically and mentally. The aging is fastest when having direct contact with victims. The User can also control his own age at will in order to trick enemies.
A character from Part 5: Vento Aureo. His Stand: Kraft Work. A member of the gang organization Passione, he plots to swipe Polpo's secret fortune for himself, and ends up in a fierce fight with Mista on Capri Island. Initially, Mista struggles against his Sale's ability to "fix" objects, but ultimately wins with his quick wits.
Stand of Bruno Bucciarati. It attaches a zipper to whatever it hits, that can open and close the object in question. It can also create an alternative dimension within the zipper, and has a multitude of applications, especially with its long range.
Stand of Trish Una. It has the ability to soften objects. Once turned soft, the object cannot be destroyed. The Stand is also able to converse with Trish. It's a competent close-range, power Stand with all-around good capabilities.
Guido Mista's Stand, consisting of six discrete bullet "beings" with the ability to manipulate bullets, whether it be increasing their power or changing their trajectories. They are numbered from 1 to 7, excluding 4 which Mista considers bad luck, and have distinct personalities. Without food and rest, they get very grumpy and sometimes refuse to work.
An antagonist from Part 5: Vento Aureo. A former doctor and sybaritic killer who repulses even Diavolo, he is one of Diavolo's trump cards. In Rome, he attacks Bucciarati's Gang with Secco, but Giorno finished him off with a long "USELESS" barrage.
The main antagonist of Part 5: Vento Aureo. User of the StandKing Crimson, boss of the Passione mob organization, and a person with a dual personality. He is fiercly proud, but also very guarded. He tries to wipe out his own daughter along with Bucciarati's Gang, but suffers a never-ending death at the hands of Giorno.
An ally in Part 5: Vento Aureo, User of the StandSpice Girl. Diavolo is her true father, but he wants to kill her himself in order to keep the fact a secret and prevent her from being targeted by others. She is overweening at first, but is influenced by Bucciarati's Gang, also growing spiritually and awakening her Stand ability.
An ally in Part 5: Vento Aureo, User of the StandAerosmith. He is a little childish and naive, with an inferiority complex about his lack of education, getting angry if teased about it. In the final battle, he is first targeted and killed by Diavolo, who was wary of the Stand's radar capabilities.
In Part 5: Vento Aureo, the station is used by Bucciarati's Gang to board the express train bound to Florence. They momentarily manage to evade their pursuers thanks to a turtle with a Stand ability dispatched by the Boss.
The Stand of Pannacotta Fugo. It attacked by spreading homicidal viruses from 6 capsules mounted on both its fists. Anyone infected by this virus will rot and die within 30 seconds. However, Fugo is also vulnerable to this virus. The Stand itself only expresses Fugo's violent nature, and therefore has almost no intelligence.
An Italian mafia gang of which Diavolo is the boss. Translates literally to "Passion" from Italian. Most of Naples, including hotel, the port, undertakers, construction and transport industries, and restaurants, and so on, are all under its control.
Stand of Pesci, a weapon in the form of a fishing rod. It can pass through walls and objects as if they were water to hook its prey. Pesci's determination increased the Stand's power dramatically.
An ally from Part 5: Vento Aureo, and User of the StandSticky Fingers. Although a gangster, he is warm-hearted and has a strong sense of responsibility, which earns him the trust of the locals. He agrees with Giorno's dream, and invites him to join his gang. Afterwards, he is promoted to a Capo and is tasked with escorting the Boss's daughter, Trish, but rebels against the missions once learning of the Boss's true intentions.
An antagonist from Part 5: Vento Aureo, and User of the StandThe Grateful Dead. Part of La Squadra Esecuzioni, he is a ruthless gangster, yet acts as a good big brother and mentor to Pesci, encouraging him to grow spiritually. On the express train bound for Florence, he dies after a fierce battle against Bucciarati.
An antagonist from Part 5: Vento Aureo, and User of the StandBeach Boy. Part of La Squadra Esecuzioni, he starts as an inexperienced thug, but upon witnessing Prosciutto's resolve, grows into a real gangster. He is defeated and dies after a fierce battle with Bucciarati.
An antagonist from Part 5: Vento Aureo, and User of the StandLittle Feet. Part of La Squadra Esecuzioni, he tails Narancia and subjects him to hideous torture, but is badly burned by Aerosmith's counterattack. Afterwards, he is defeated in the ensuing close-range combat and dies.
Stand of Ghiaccio, it has the ability to condense the moisture in the air to extremely low temperatures, forming an armor of ice around its User. This armor is so strong that even bullets cannot pierce it.
Stand of Risotto Nero, it lurks within the body of its User, manipulating iron with magnetic force. It attacks by creating blades such as razors and scissors from iron found in the body and surroundings. It can also cover its User with fine iron particles, acting as a camouflage which renders Risotto effectively invisible.
An antagonist from Part 5: Vento Aureo, User of the StandBaby Face, and part of La Squadra Esecuzioni. His favourite phrase is "di molto". Although he manages to capture Trish, his Stand is destroyed by Giorno after Giorno's Stand discovers a new ability. Afterwards, he dies after being bitten by a venemous snake which Giorno had created.
An ally from Part 5: Vento Aureo, he is the Stand User of Moody Blues, and a part of Bucciarati's Gang. Formerly a police offer, he stopped pursuing the profession due to corruption and became a gangster instead. He is killed by Diavolo on the island of Sardinia, but with the last of his strength, succeeds in leaving behind a clue to the Boss's identity.
Featured in Part 5: Vento Aureo, Bucciarati's Gang arranges to rendezvous Polnareff in the ancient capital of Italian. The city is razed to the ground overnight by the indiscriminate attacks of Secco and Cioccolata's Stands as they pursue Bucciarati and company.
A result of the huge acceleration of time brought about by Father Pucci's Stand, Made in Heaven that results in a Universe Reset. It gives all living things a taste of their future, but only Pucci can alter his own Fate.
Prisoner ID FE39423. Arrested for kidnapping. She wanted to be a kidnapping victim as a child, but became a kidnapper instead. She dies by exploding handcuffs.
User of the StandKiss. Jolyne's friend and confidant who awakened her Stand after being pierced by the Stand Arrow in Jolyne's pendant. Cheerful and wears her heart on her sleeve.
Ermes Costello's Stand. It can produce special stickers that create a second copy of whatever they are adhered to. When the sticker is removed, the two copies fuse together with great force, doing damage to each other and anything inbetween.
User of the StandStone Free. Daughter of Jotaro Kujo, and great-granddaughter of Joseph Joestar. She stands out for her childish conduct at first, but her father's cool judgement and affinity for bold action soon show through as she matures.
The place where Jolyne is incarcerated. Its full title is the Green Dolphin Street Maxiimum Security Prison Facility. Pucci uses Jolyne as bait to draw Jotaro to the place, then steals his memory and Stand as a DISC.
The place at Cape Canaveral in Florida that Pucci visits in order to complete his Stand. Jolyne and company's attempts to stop him fail, and Pucci's Stand transcends its previous limits.
Stand: Highway to Hell. A self-obsessed man, he is neither hostile nor wicked, but does look for a companion in suicide. Whitesnake calls him "pure evil", and Ermes calls him "rotten to the core".
One of Father Pucci's Stands, an evolved form of Whitesnake. It can manipulate gravity, and freely alter the gravitational pull it exerts. It can also reverse the forces acting on things it attacks, turning them inside-out.
The place where Jolyne and Ermes went as part of a search party. In the barn is a tractor that discs were hidden in. They then found themselves in battle with Foo Fighters, the guardian of the DISCs.
Jolyne Cujoh's Stand which at first allows her to turn her flesh into a string she controls, but later develops a humanoid form of its own. Besides physical strength, it offers various combat advantages, such as deflecting attacks.
Narciso Anasui's Stand. It can store energy for attacks like kicks and punches somewhere and then unleash it at will. It can also dive into living and non-living things, and disassemble or change them from the inside out.
The memories or Stand of any living thing, extracted onto a DISC using Whitesnake's special ability. If installed into someone else's head, the memories and Stand can be transferred to that person.
A recipe for reaching the paradise of Heaven, demanding such things as the sould of 36+ felons and 14 secret words. It was recorded by DIO, but the note was burned by Jotaro. By stealing his memory DISC, Pucci learns the recipe.
User of the StandDiver Down. He wants to marry Jolyne. At first, he is cruel to everyone but her, but softens over time. Hearing about Jolyne's escape from prison, he forces Weather Report to help him find her.
The Stand of Father Pucci, with the ability to steal people's memories and their Stands and capture them as DISCs. The DISCs can then be inserted into some other person or being to control them.
The ultimate form of Father Pucci's Stands. Its front half has the appearance of a horse, and the rest is humanoid. It effects limitless acceleration of time and can effectively generate whole new worlds.
A place in the Arizona Desert said to have been destroyed in the distant past by a meteorite strike, and now to be cursed. Those who end up there have powers awakened within them.
A Neapolitan praetor who learns the Spin technique, which produces a number of effects. He is killed in battle with Valentine in the end, but teaches Johnny to perfect his nail bullets with Complete Golden Rotational Energy to defeat the President.
A mysterious girl who lives in a tree stump by Lake Michigan. If people drop things, she offers to return what they dropped, or something better. Honest people can keep both, but must use them by sundown or become part of the tree.
User of the StandTusk. Johnny is a paraplegic who wishes to learn Gyro's Spin technique. He beats Valentine in the end, only to be narrowly defeated by a parallel Diego. Eliminated from the race, he returns home with Gyro's Corpse and his horse.
Gyro Zeppeli's ability that lets him see inside or beyond things struck by the energy waves of his spinning Steel Balls. However, he loses it when he lets the Corpse parts go, and it never develops as Johnny's TuskStand does.
Diego Brando's Stand. It turns any organism into a dinosaur, including the User. This was originally Dr. Ferdinand's power, but Diego gained the Stand through the power of the Corpse.
A charismatic, middle-aged promoter, and organizer of the Steel Ball Run. He gathers Corpse Parts for Valentine, but then rebels against him to save his wife. He also saves Johnny when he's defeated by Diego in the final stage of the race.
The first ever pan-American horse race, which started on a beach in San Diego at 10am, September 25th, 1890, and ran all the way to New York, covering a total distance of about 6,000km.
A body in nine parts: heart, left arm, eyes, head, ears, spinal cord, right arm, torso, and legs. By absorbing them, Stand abilities are unleashed which have miraculous effects, such as allowing paraplegics to walk again.
Johnny Joestar's Stand, enacted due to the effects of Devil's Palm. It evolves at milestones in Johnny's own development, like when he learns the Spin from Gyro. Its final form is unhindered by dimensions when attacking.
Funny Valentine's Stand. It's able to move freely between parallel worlds, and take other with it. Those who end up in a parallel world will die if they come into contact with their doppelgangers.
A Steel Ball Run competitor known simply as "Dio". The original Dio of this world dies in battle with Valentine, but the parallel Dio takes his place. He beats Johnny, but is destroyed when Lucy shows him the corpse of this world's Dio.
An implement developed by the Zeppeli family for their Spin technique, primarily as a means of dispatching criminals on death sentences. However, it is also used in battle for both attack and defense.
The 23rd President of the USA, who succesfully defeats Dio, Hot Pants, and Gyro and company. However, Johnny's perfected nail bullets overwhelm him. He tries to use patriotism to win Johnny over, but fails and is killed.
The location of the final fight to the death between Johnny, Gyro, and Valentine. Gyro is killed, but his parting advice helps Johnny dispatch the President.
A technique whereby a horse follows a path described by a golden rectangle, developing infinite rotation on another golden rectangle's path. The Zeppeli family discovered this hundreds of years ago, along with the Steel Ball throwing technique.
A farmer from Georgia with a happy-go-lucky nature, believed to be a Stand User. He joins the Steel Ball Run after a fortune-teller tells him he can expect untold joy in two months' time. When Dio is disqualified, he moves up into first place.
User of the StandTubular Bells, he is the President's personal bodyguard. When he unleashes his balloons to dispatch some intruders, his airways get blocked and his throat swells up like a balloon to explode and kill him.
User of the StandMandom. His reasons for challenging Johnny and company are based on his own philosophy that brutality and murder help a person grow. He is defeated and killed in battle against Gyro, but his ideas have a deep impact on Gyro.
Steven's 14 year old wife who joins in the race for the Corpse Parts in order to protect her husband. After Valentine's death, she fears the implications of Dio beating Johnny, and ambushes the parallel Dio with the head of his corpse from this world.
The place where Josuke Higashikata (JoJolion) is buried in Part 8: JoJolion. They appear from underground one night after an earthquake, and form a 10km long wall. Some grade school students in Morioh Town came up with the name.
Josuke Higashikata (JoJolion)'s Stand that creates bubbles which can burst to temporarily deprive a target of "something", such as sound, eyesight and moisture.
A character from Part 8: JoJolion; a university student who is the second-eldest of the Higashikata brothers. An old childhood friend of Yasuho, he feels great affection for her, but is unusually jealous by nature.
The protagonist of Part 8: JoJolion, and user of the StandSoft & Wet. He enjoys being pressed against things. He was discovered at the Wall Eyes, where Yasuho Hirose found him buried, but he has amnesia with a forgotten real name. Norisuke Higashikata IV takes him in and gives him the placeholder name of "Josuke Higashikata".
An ally from Part 8: JoJolion, she's a college student who discovers Josuke Higashikata (JoJolion) buried alive at the Wall Eyes and rescues him. After that, she tries to help him discover his forgotten identity.
A living weapon created by the Dress research group. A parasite about 40mm long, it can transform its host when it is in danger, granting immense strength and special skills in metamorphosis known as the Baoh Armed Phenomenon.
A top secret weapons Research & Development (R&D) organization. Created under the pressure of the US Army during the Vietnam War, its roots can be traced back to Japan's bio-weapons team from World War II. This same group created the Baoh Parasite.
The main charactor of Baoh the Visitor. After a car accident, he was kidnapped by the Dress Organization, who implanted the Baoh Parasite within him. He later escaped with the help of Sumire, a girl with paranormal abilities.
