Pesci

Main

Games

“

I get it now, big bro Prosciutto! I understand your resolve, not through your words but through your spirit!

”

—Pesci, Chapter 495: The Grateful Dead, Part 8

Pesci (ペッシ, Pesshi) is a tertiary antagonist featured in the fifth part of the JoJo's Bizarre Adventure series, Vento Aureo, specifically the "The Grateful Dead" story arc. He is also one of the main protagonists of the short story "My Prized Needle and Thread."

Pesci is a member of La Squadra Esecuzioni. Together with Prosciutto, Pesci battles Team Bucciarati inside a high-speed train to Florence. He is a Stand user, and uses his Beach Boy to great effects.

Appearance

Pesci is a man of average to athletic build, his most recognizable features being his lack of a chin and low-set, protruding ears, making him stand out among other characters. His hair is shaved, save for several green locks at the top of his head.

Pesci wears a dark jumpsuit with a fishing hook motif, complete with assorted arm warmers and shoes. Over that, he wears a sleeveless long coat decorated with fur. His right hand is bandaged after being shot by Mista's Sex Pistols.

Color Schemes

The series is known for alternating colors between media, the information presented below may or may not be canon.

Colored MangaAnimeGioGioEyes of Heaven

Skin(Fair, lime green lipstick)

Hair(Lime green)

Eyes(Black)

Coat(Yellow with brown fur)

Jumpsuit and arm warmers

(Black with purple hearts and velvet insignias)

Skin(Fair)

Hair(Green)

Eyes(Black)

Coat(Tan with brown fur)

Jumpsuit and arm warmers

(Black with pink hearts and purple insignias)

Skin(Tan, lime lipstick)

Hair(Lime green)

Eyes(Black)

Coat(Yellow with white fur)

Jumpsuit and arm warmers

(Velvet with purple hearts and pink insignia)

Skin(Tan, green lipstick)

Hair(Green)

Eyes(Olive Green)

Coat(Yellow with tan fur)

Jumpsuit and arm warmers

(Black with pink hearts and magenta insignias)

Personality

“

I can feel everything! None of your tricks can help you now, Bucciarati... I can read you like an open book! And before big bro dies, I'll finish you off!

”

—Pesci, Chapter 495: The Grateful Dead, Part 8

From coward to hardened assassin

Pesci is introduced as a weak-willed man, using threats when he should act, and is overall rather timid. Pesci lacks nerves and composure, panicking when the ice he uses to preserve himself from The Grateful Dead's power is destroyed and begs for his life when Mista has him at point-blank range. The TV anime adaptation also expands on his cowardice by showing his expressions of horror at the gruesome way people are killed in his line of work, most openly at Sorbet and Gelato's demise. Pesci is also initially shown to be very unconfident in his abilities, something his superior, Prosciutto, points out and is seen cheering him on.

Later, upon being moved by Prosciutto's determination, notably still powering his Stand when crushed between the wheels of the train they are on, Pesci gains the confidence and ruthlessness necessary to make himself a serious threat to the whole group and nearly kills Bruno Bucciarati during their battle. Bucciarati notes, however, that Pesci's bravery is then replaced by cruelty when the assassin attempted to threaten his friends inside Coco Jumbo.

Pesci is shown to respect Prosciutto considerably, referring to him as big brother (兄貴 Aniki).

Abilities

Stand

Main article: Beach Boy

Appropriate to his namesake, Pesci uses the fishing rod-like Beach Boy to hook people from afar, tearing out their internal organs to kill them.

Beach Boy (ビーチ・ボーイ)

Debut

Chapter 487 / GW Episode 14

Type

Close-Range, Reconnaissance, Artificial Non-Humanoid

Ability

Sensitive Fishing Rod & Damage Reflection

PWR

C

SPD

B

RNG

B*

STA

C

PRC

C

DEV

A

A

B

C

D

E

History

Background

The Boss makes an example of Sorbet

Pesci was a member of La Squadra Esecuzioni, a team of nine assassins working within Passione. However, the team was frustrated they only received compensation for each kills while the rest of the gang was getting rich from the drug trade. One day their teammates Sorbet and Gelato disappeared while they were trying to investigate the Boss's past. They found Gelato choked on a gag in his house, with a piece of paper on which was written the word "punishment". Later, the team received the sectioned body parts of Sorbet encased in formaldehyde, showing the team the power of the Boss. They despaired of ever finding about the Boss. However, they then heard about Trish Una, and thought that she would be the key to discovering the Boss's Stand ability. The team rebelled and began searching for her. Just after Trish was taken in by Pericolo, La Squadra Esecuzioni ransacked Donatella and Trish's apartment in search for clues, missing a crucial picture of Donatella that was taken by the Boss himself.

The information below is not derived from the original manga and can or cannot be considered canon

Pesci with Prosciutto at a restaurant.

The anime adaptation expands a bit on Pesci's past. Two years prior to the events of Vento Aureo, Pesci was already part of La Squadra Esecuzioni. On the night the team noticed that Sorbet and Gelato disappeared, Pesci was among the hitmen accompanying Formaggio on his assignment. He was briefly mocked and chastised by Prosciutto for choosing to drink a glass of milk on the job instead of a more mature drink.

After the team noticed that two of their own were missing, Pesci participated in their research. When the team received a set of strange packages, Pesci was the first to see that fingertips resembling Sorbet's were actually put inside the packages, leading to the team reassembling Sorbet's corpse.

The Grateful Dead

Pesci is encouraged by Prosciutto.

Pesci is introduced alongside Prosciutto in Naples's train station, tailing Team Bucciarati until they mysteriously disappear from the train. He swears to kill Bucciarati for the death of Formaggio and Illuso but Prosciutto chastises him for his "weak" attitude, stating that he should do the deed before thinking about murder. The two try to pincer attack Bucciarati, Pesci advancing inside the train while Prosciutto walks on the platform but they mysteriously lose his trace.

Using his Beach Boy, Pesci checks the driver's cabin and spots two life forms. However, he only sees the driver when he drags him out. Pesci keeps searching the cabin and almost discovers the team's transport turtle, Coco Jumbo, but Prosciutto deploys The Grateful Dead, distracting him at the last moment. Afraid for his life, Pesci sets up a bait on the air conditioner button and retreats to the bar wagon, sustaining himself on ice to counter the aging effect of The Grateful Dead.

When Mista tries to activate the air conditioning, Pesci detects him. He hooks his hand and reels him, advancing his hook inside of Mista's arm. He also identifies Mista when he feels the vibration of the gunshot in Beach Boy's line. However, Sex Pistols manages to destroy his ice, sending him into a panic and making him vulnerable to Mista because he makes his Stand disappear. Almost shot down, only Prosciutto's intervention saves him. He is again yelled at by Prosciutto for his cowardice and witnesses Prosciutto shoot Mista in the head. Encouraged by Prosciutto, Pesci finally leads his partner to Coco Jumbo but is then ambushed by Bucciarati. Sitting aside as Prosciutto battles Bucciarati, he is ordered to kill Trish's bodyguards but he hesitates, almost immediately sent flying into a window by Bucciarati's kick. Bucciarati loses the battle but throws himself off the train alongside Prosciutto.

Pesci fighting Bruno Bucciarati.

Pesci wakes up and launches Beach Boy to save his partner. He notices that the weight has lightened and assumes that Prosciutto has won but soon realizes that the position of the hand and the weight is wrong. When a passenger comes out and asks Pesci to stop the train, Pesci despairs as it means Prosciutto has been killed but then the aging effect starts again. Pesci discovers Prosciutto beaten and crushed inside the machinery of the train. Inspired by Prosciutto's example, Pesci gains the confidence to complete his mission and, encouraged by the extent of Prosciutto's determination, challenges Bucciarati.

Pesci controls his hook to always reach Bucciarati despite the capo's efforts to escape. He tries to swing Bucciarati to the side and make him crash against a pole to make him feel the same pain as Prosciutto but Sticky Fingers hangs onto a bolt. Pesci then swings the line upward but Bucciarati then opens the roof of the train, and protects himself from the incoming power cables. Still, the hook has almost reached Bucciarati's heart. In the train, Bucciarati then attacks the line to zip himself into several pieces. Pesci loses trace of Bucciarati and attacks a random civilian. Pesci briefly feels the faint beat of a heart but Bucciarati cuts it open. Trying to persist inside of the train as there is no way Bucciarati could have escaped his senses, Pesci is slowly taken by doubt. Fearing that Bucciarati is trying to kill Prosciutto and leave him vulnerable, Pesci stops the train to check on Prosciutto. He then meets with Bucciarati who's coming out of the train.

Pesci's death

Pesci decides to kill Bucciarati here and there and avenge Prosciutto before the latter expires. He sends Beach Boy's straight at Bucciarati's heart, bypassing his arms. Thinking himself victorious, Pesci tries to pull the line but Sticky Fingers pulls it and ties Pesci's neck. It yanks the line, breaking Pesci's neck. Nevertheless, Pesci is still determined to make Bucciarati pay. He releases Trish from Coco Jumbo and falls, attempting to crush the turtle. When Sticky Fingers comes to attack, Pesci enters the turtle and tries to strangle everyone in the turtle. However, Sticky Fingers then pulls him out of Coco Jumbo and pummels him. He is separated into several pieces and thrown into a nearby river, killing him.

Novels

JORGE JOESTAR

The information below derives from a source not written by Araki. As such, it may or may not be considered canon.

In the light novel JORGE JOESTAR, an iteration of Pesci lives in the 37th universe, appearing similarly to his original universe counterpart. He is not actually mentioned in the novel by name but he is drawn in an illustration.

Pesci and others jumping into Morioh

Nero Nero Island, where the base of Passione is located, suddenly grows legs and starts moving through the ocean headed toward Morioh. Some ordinary citizens panic and attempt to escape at the island's harbor. Pesci, Cioccolata ^{(Universe 37)}, Secco ^{(Universe 37)}, Prosciutto ^{(Universe 37)}, Ghiaccio ^{(Universe 37)}, and Melone ^{(Universe 37)} ambush and murder them. Secco's Evil Dead conceals the harbor, making their actions invisible to those within the island, such as Bruno Bucciarati ^{(Universe 37)}. One man manages to escape and tries waving desperately toward Morioh for help before he is killed as well.

The Mafia members move the bodies out of sight by dropping the bodies in the water between the boats, or by tossing them into the tall grass by the side of the road to the harbor. Nero Nero Island suddenly crashes into the barrier surrounding Morioh and flips upward. Its propulsion causes it to tear through the barrier and lands into Morioh Harbor. Cioccolata and the others start firing bullets and rocket launchers at random civilians and houses in Morioh, attempting to shoot Jorge Joestar as well when he runs by underneath them. The mafia members then jump off the island and head to Budogaoka gymnasium with several weapons.

Chapters / Episodes

Manga Appearances

Chapters in order of appearance

• Chapter 475: Narancia's Aerosmith, Part 6 (Silhouette)
• Chapter 486: Express Train to Florence, Part 1
• Chapter 487: Express Train to Florence, Part 2
• Chapter 488: The Grateful Dead, Part 1
• Chapter 489: The Grateful Dead, Part 2
• Chapter 490: The Grateful Dead, Part 3
• Chapter 491: The Grateful Dead, Part 4
• Chapter 492: The Grateful Dead, Part 5
• Chapter 493: The Grateful Dead, Part 6
• Chapter 494: The Grateful Dead, Part 7
• Chapter 495: The Grateful Dead, Part 8
• Chapter 496: The Grateful Dead, Part 9
• Chapter 497: The Grateful Dead, Part 10
• Chapter 498: The Grateful Dead, Part 11
• Chapter 499: The Grateful Dead, Part 12 (Death)
• Chapter 500: Baby Face, Part 1 (Corpse only)
• Chapter 516: The Boss's Last Orders (Mentioned)
  Mentioned only
• Chapter 544: King Crimson vs. Metallica, Part 1 (Cover only)

Anime Appearances

Episodes in order of appearance

• Golden Wind Episode 9: The First Order from the Boss (Cameo)
• Golden Wind Episode 10: The Hitman Team (Flashback)
• Golden Wind Episode 14: Express Train to Florence
• Golden Wind Episode 15: The Grateful Dead, Part 1
• Golden Wind Episode 16: The Grateful Dead, Part 2 (Death)
• Golden Wind Episode 21.5: determinazione
• Golden Wind Episode 27: King Crimson vs. Metallica (Flashback)
• Golden Wind Episode 28: Beneath a Sky on the Verge of Falling (Mentioned)
  Mentioned only
• Golden Wind Episode 28.5: destino

Novel Appearances

Chapters in order of appearance

JORGEMy Prized Needle and Thread

• JORGE JOESTAR Chapter 8: Nero Nero Island (37th universe)

• My Prized Needle and Thread Chapter 1
• My Prized Needle and Thread Chapter 2 (Mentioned)
  Mentioned only
• My Prized Needle and Thread Chapter 3 (Flashback)
• My Prized Needle and Thread Chapter 4 (Video only)
• My Prized Needle and Thread Chapter 5 (Flashback)
• My Prized Needle and Thread Chapter 6 (Mentioned)
  Mentioned only

Quotes

Quotes

Show AllEnglishJapaneseRomaji

• “

  Got him! He took the bait!

  ”

  —Pesci, Chapter 489: The Grateful Dead, Part 2
• “

  Ohh! It's Mista! Shoot my line all you want, my Beach Boy's line can pass through anything, aside from its prey, like it's water! You can't cut it!

  ”

  —Pesci, Chapter 490: The Grateful Dead, Part 3
• “

  My hook should be going deep inside your ears right now!

  ”

  —Pesci, Chapter 490: The Grateful Dead, Part 3
• “

  I get it now, big bro Prosciutto! I understand your resolve, not through your words but through your spirit! (わかったよプロシュート兄ィ！！兄貴の覚悟が！「言葉」でなく「心」で理解できた！)

  Wakatta yo Puroshūto anii!! Aniki no kakugo ga! 'Kotoba' de naku 'kokoro' de rikai de kita!

  ”

  —Pesci, Chapter 495: The Grateful Dead, Part 8
• “

  I just killed a man for the first time... but it feels kind of anticlimactic. And now, nobody in the world... can call me a mammone anymore...

  ”

  —Pesci, Chapter 495: The Grateful Dead, Part 8
• “

  I can feel everything! None of your tricks can help you now, Bucciarati... I can read you like an open book! And before big bro dies, I'll finish you off!

  ”

  —Pesci, Chapter 415: Cheap Trick, Part 4
• “

  Reentered the lower arm! 4cm to the elbow! 3 cm! Popping my hook outta your arm for a split second is not gonna save you, Bucciarati! There's nothing you can do but wait until Beach Boy's hook crawls up your arm and snags your heart!

  ”

  —Pesci, Chapter 496: The Grateful Dead, Part 9
• “

  Before big bro's life leaves his body...! I'll make you pay before his very eyes!!

  ”

  —Pesci, Chapter 498: The Grateful Dead, Part 11

Gallery

MangaAnimeGamesMerchandiseCardsOther

StoryChapter CoversSketches

• 
  "When we truly think 'I'll kill you!' from the bottom of our hearts... by that time, the deed has already been done!"
• 
  Pesci asks Prosciutto why he boarded the train
• 
  Prosciutto orders Pesci to attack the control room
• 
  Pesci readying his Stand
• 
  Revealing his Stand
• 
  Pesci hooks through the door of the control room
• 
  Attacking the engineer
• 
  Pesci nearly discovers Coco Jumbo
• 
  Pesci realizes that his partner has activated his stand
• 
  Pesci stays cool to prevent aging by The Grateful Dead
• 
  Pesci notices someone on his line
• 
  Mista's bullets serve only to alert Pesci of his identity
• 
  Pesci tries to drag Mista away
• 
  Hidden in the crowd of aging passengers
• 
  Pesci tries to escape
• 
  Pesci is shielded by his disguised partner
• 
  Pesci is threatened by Mista
• 
  Mista interrogates Pesci
• 
  A true gangster should show no hesitation.
• 
  Pesci is reassured by Prosciutto
• 
  Pesci and Prosciutto find Coco Jumbo
• 
  Pesci notices too late that Bucciarati isn't present
• 
  Kicked by Bucciarati into a window
• 
  Pesci feels the weight of two people
• 
  Pesci thinks Prosciutto has knocked Bucciarati off the line
• 
  Pesci begins to cry after seeing his dying partner
• 
  Pesci takes his first life
• 
  Pesci's resolve
• 
  Pesci kills another aging passenger
• 
  Unable to detect Bucciarati, Pesci becomes frustrated
• 
  Pesci smashes the dashboard angrily, bringing the train to a halt
• 
  Pesci reels Beach Boy in
• 
  The eyes of a hardened gangster
• 
  Bucciarati rushes to Pesci
• 
  Pesci's neck broken by Sticky Fingers
• 
  Pesci's final, desperate attempt
• 
  About to smash Coco Jumbo, with Team Bucciarati still inside
• 
  Beach Boy enters Mr.President
• 
  Pesci punched by Sticky Fingers's extended arm
• 
  "ARIARIARIARIARIARIARI"
• 
  Pesci's death: completely dismembered by Sticky Fingers

• 
  Chapter 487 Cover A
• 
  Chapter 487 Cover B
• 
  Chapter 490 Cover
• 
  Chapter 491 Cover
• 
  Chapter 493 Cover A
• 
  Chapter 493 Cover B
• 
  Chapter 494 Cover A
• 
  Chapter 495 Cover A
• 
  Chapter 496 Cover A (Tankobon)
• 
  Chapter 496 Cover A (Magazine)
• 
  Chapter 497 Cover B
• 
  Chapter 498 Cover A
• 
  Chapter 498 Cover B
• 
  Chapter 499 Cover B
• 
  Chapter 544 Cover B

• 
  Chapter 495 Tailpiece

StoryOpenings/EndingsDesign SheetsPromotional Art

• 
  La Squadra Esecuzioni silhouette, Episode 5
• 
  Pesci next to Prosciutto at a restaurant, chastised for drinking milk despite a bad stomach
• 
  Pesci and the others receive a mysterious package
• 
  Recognizing Gelato's nail polish in the formalin frames
• 
  Squadra Esecuzioni vs the Boss of Passione
• 
  Pesci briefly shown alongside Prosciutto, Episode 5
• 
  Pesci and Prosciutto spot Bucciarati
• 
  Pesci wants to avenge his former partners Formaggio and Illuso
• 
  Pesci summons his stand Beach Boy
• 
  Pesci shocked because of Prosciutto's decision to age everyone on the train
• 
  Pesci reels Mista in with Beach Boy
• 
  Pesci's neck broken by Sticky Fingers
• 
  Pesci removes Trish Una from Mr.President
• 
  Pesci's death at the hands of Bucciarati's Sticky Fingers

• 
  Pesci in Requiem for a Traitor

• 
• 

• 
  OIOI X Medicos Entertainment figure exhibition in Marui Acrylic Stand
• 
  JoJo Cafe Golden Wind Campaign in Harajauku
• 
  17 Days left, Countdown to the Finale (Episode 38 & Episode 39)
• 
  Animate Girls Festival 2019 Acrylic Stand
  November 9, 2019
• 
  Golden Wind 2021 Calendar
• 
  Bandai Candy Golden Wind Wafers - 2nd Wave Card Illustration
• 
  Medicos "JoJo-A New Departure" Vol.1 Event
• 
  Medicos "JoJo-A New Departure" Vol.1 Chimi-Chara Glitter Acrylic Badge

GioGioEyes of HeavenPitter-Patter Pop!All-Star Battle RMonster StrikeOther

• 
  Pesci and Beach Boy's model in GioGio's Bizarre Adventure
• 
  An early build of Pesci in Chapter 5-2's loading screen
• 
  Pesci entering the train alongside Prosciutto
• 
  Pesci in Chapter 5-1's loading screen
• 
  Pesci staring as Prosciutto shoots Mista
• 
  Pesci discovering Coco Jumbo
• 
  Pesci and Prosciutto discovering Coco Jumbo
• 
  Pesci in Chapter 5-2's loading screen
• 
  Chapter 5-2, Pesci vs. Bucciarati
• 
  Pesci threatening to kill Coco Jumbo and the Team Bucciarati members inside
• 
  Pesci defeated by Bucciarati's Sticky Fingers

• 
  Pesci's NPC model in Eyes of Heaven

MainStickersEventsPromotional

Homing Fishing HookResolve to Overcome WeaknessInherited Gangster Experience

• 
  Icon
• 
  Idle
• 
  Smug
• 
  Crying
• 
  Chewing on ice
• 
  Charging to Attack
• 
  Attacking
• 
  Win Pose

• 
  Icon
• 
  Stand-up Icon
• 
  Idle
• 
  Tearing up
• 
  Sitting in his chair
• 
  Charging to Attack
• 
  Attacking
• 
  Win Pose

• 
  Icon
• 
  Idle
• 
  Excited
• 
  Being comforted by Prosciutto
• 
  Being scolded
• 
  Charging to Attack
• 
  Attacking
• 
  Win Pose

• 
  Respectful Pesci [Normal]
• 
  Respectful Pesci [Shiny]
• 
  Prosciutto & Pesci [Shiny]
• 
  Resolve to Overcome Weakness [EX]
• 
  Inherited Gangster Experience [EX]

• 
  Render, All-Star Battle R
• 
  Pesci's model in All-Star Battle R
• 
  Prosciutto & Pesci's intro
• 

• 
  Monster Strike; Prosciutto & Pesci
• 
  La Squadra Esecuzioni Members, Prosciutto & Pesci
• 
  Prosciutto & Pesci (Chibi)
• 
  La Squadra Esecuzioni Members, Prosciutto & Pesci (Chibi)

• 
  Jumputi Heroes

FigurinesPlushiesClothingOther

• 
  Chara Heroes; Part 5 Vol.2
• 
  Statue Legend
• 
  Capsule Figure Collection
• 
  Stand Figure Collection
• 
  MASTERLISE

• 
  PoteKoro Mascot
• 
  Tomonui
• 
  Tomonui

• 
  Ultra Jump March 2019
• 
  T-Shirt Collection
• 
  glamb White
• 
  glamb Black
• 
  glamb White
• 
  glamb Black
• 
  Avail
• 
  Avail
• 
  Avail
• 
  Avail
• 
  Avail
• 
  Tower Records
• 
  Anime 10th Anniversary Exhibition
• 
  JOJO WORLD2 Ribbon Scarves
• 
  Shimamura
• 
  Shimamura

• 
  Ichiban Kuji Glasses
• 
  Ripples of Adventure Can Badge
• 
  Ripples of Adventure Can Badge
• 
  Ripples of Adventure Travel Sticker
• 
  Ripples of Adventure Pouch
• 
  Ripples of Adventure Cosmetics Mirror
• 
  Ultra Jump April 2019 Stickers
• 
  Rubber Strap Collection
• 
  Tower Records Cards
• 
  Tower Records Scotch Tape
• 
  Tower Records Stamps
• 
  Tower Records
• 
  Tower Records
• 
  Ichiban Kuji Hand Towels
• 
  Ichiban Kuji Rubber Charms
• 
  Ichiban Coffret Bi-color Powder
• 
  JOJO WORLD Scene Photo Bromides
• 
  JOJO WORLD Stickers
• 
  Disc ART
• 
  Anime 10th Anniversary Exhibition Can Badges
• 
  Avail Coin Pouch
• 
  Avail Bag Charm
• 
  Shimamura Tote Bag
• 
  Shimamura Drawstring Bag
• 
  Shimamura Coin Pouch
• 
  Ichiban Kuji Pizza Plate
• 
  Ichiban Kuji Clear Poster
• 
  JOJO magazine 2024 WINTER Stickers
• 
  Ichiban Kuji Cup
• 
  Ichiban Kuji Rubber Charm
• 
  Ichiban Kuji Clear Poster
• 
  NOZ COLLABORATION Perfume
• 
  JOJO WORLD 3 Scene Photo Stickers

Adventure Battle CardWeiß Schwarz

• 
  Adventure Battle Card; Pesci
• 
  Beach Boy
• 
  Big Brother, Prosciutto
• 
  Mammoni Pesci

• 
  Weiß Schwarz; Greatful Teachings, Pesci & Beach Boy
• 
  Greatful Teachings, Pesci & Beach Boy (JoJo Rare)
• 
  Mammoni, Pesci & Beach Boy
• 
  The Grateful Dead
• 
  The Grateful Dead (JoJo Rare)

• 
  JOJO A-GO!GO! (Inside Illustration)
• 
  Pesci in JORGE JOESTAR
• 
  JOJO magazine 2024 WINTER Cover
• 
  JOJO magazine 2024 WINTER Cover (Clean)
• 
  JOJO magazine 2024 WINTER Cover (Line Art)
• 
  My Prized Needle and Thread Cover

Trivia

• Pesci refers to Prosciutto as "big brother" (兄貴, Aniki), though it is never made clear if they're blood-related or not; the term is a Japanese honorific that can refer to either an older brother or a superior.