โโใใใงใฏใไฝใงใ่ใใฆไธใใใ ใจใๅ็ใจๅใ้กใฎไบบใชใใงใใญโกใใๅบใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใๆใใใใใใใพใใใ ่ใใใใใใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ โโใงใใณใใใฏในใฎๅ็ใฏ็ฝ้ปใงใใใ๏ผ ่ใใใใฏ็ฝ้ปใฃใฆๆฑบใพใฃใฆใใใงใใใในใผใใผใปใณใใใฏในใฎๆนใฏใซใฉใผใชใใงใใใฉใ ใจใ็ๅนดๆๆฅใชใฉใโฆ๏ผใ ่ใ35ๅนด6ๆ7ๆฅใงใใๅๅญๅบงใงใใBๅใงใใ ใจใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใฃใใใฃใใใฏ๏ผใ ่ใ80ๅนดใฎๅฌใใใใซใใธใฃใณใใซๆใกใใใ ใใงใใๅ็จฟใโโใๆญฆ่ฃ ใใผใซใผใใจใใใๆๅก่ณๆบๅ ฅ้ธใซๅ ฅใฃใใใคใงใใ โโใใใไปๅใฎ็น้ใซ้ใพใฃใใใฌใญใงใๅๅใ ใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใใฉ่ชญใใ ใใจใใชใใฆๆฎๅฟตใฃใฆใฎใๅคใใฃใใงใใใ ่ใ่ฅฟ้จๅใงใใ็ฐ่ฒใฎโฆโฆใ ใตใไปใจใใใถใๆใใ้ใใพใใญใ ่ใใใใงใใญใใใผใซใผใฒใผใ ใฟใใใชใฎใใฆใฌใณใใณใๆฆใใฃใฆ่ฉฑใงโฆโฆ31ๆใงใใใใใใงใใใฅใผใใพใใใใใฎๅพ ใฏใ็ญ็ทจใ3ๆฌใใใใฎใฃใใฆใใ้ญๅฐๅนดใใผใใฃใผใใซๅ ฅใใพใใใ โโใใฎใใใฎใใฎใฏใใใใไปใฏ่ชญใใชใใใใงใใญใ ่ใใใใ็ญ็ทจ้ใฏๅบใฆใใพใใใใใใใฎใธใใฎใใคใฏใ้ใซใปใใใใใใใงใ(็ฌ)ใ ไธๅใใใใฃ!?ใ ใจใใใฎๅใซใๆ็จฟใจใๅไบบ่ชใฏ๏ผใ ่ใ้ซๆ กใฎใใใใใฃใใๆ็จฟใใฆใใ ใตใใฉใใใฃใ้่ชใซ๏ผใ ่ใใใฃใฑใใธใฃใณใใๅฅฝใใ ใฃใใใโฆโฆใ โโใใฎใใใฎๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใจใใใจใใฉใใชไฝๅใใใใพใใ๏ผ ่ใโฆใใใผใใซใใณๅไบใใจใโฆใใจๅฟใใ(็ฌ)ใใใฌใธใณใ ใจใๆใจ่ช ใใชใใใญใ ใจใๅฝฑ้ฟใๅใใไบบใจใใฏใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ใๆขถๅไธ้จใใใฎๅไฝใฎใ ไธๅใใใใฃ(็ฌ)ใใใฃ(็ฌ)(็ฌ)ใ ่ใใใใฃใฆโฆไฝใง!?(็ฌ)ใ ใตใๆขถๅไธ้จใใใฃใฆใใณใฌๆใใฆใใใงใใ๏ผใ โโใๆใจ่ช ใใฎๅไฝใจใใใฃใฆใใงใใใ ใตใใใใใใใ ๅฐใใใใฃ!?ใ ่ใใใฃ!?ใใใใชไธไปฃใชใฎใใฃ!?ใไปใ่ชญใใงใใใใฏใใใใใ๏ผใ โโๅฐ่ฆๅฑฑใใใใไฝใใใใพใใ๏ผ ๅฐใใใใผใใฃใผใใฎใใชใใฏใชใใใใใคใ่ชๅใงใ่ใใซใชใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ใใขใฌใณใธใใใฎใใใใใ่ชๅใง่ใใใฎใใใใพใใ โโใใใงใฏใใใใใใใใชใผใใฎใ่ฉฑใโฆโฆใใใกใณใญใผใใฎ่ชญ่ ใซไบบๆฐใใใๅๅ ใฎใฒใจใคใฏใ็ญใ้ฃ่ผใ ใฃใใซใใใใใใใไธญ้ใฏใใฑใชๆใกๅใใฉในใใงใฏใชใใใธใฃใณใใฎไฝๅใฎไธญใงใ็ๆณ็ใชๅฎ็ตใใใใใไฝๅใงใใใใใใใใใงใใโฆโฆใ ่ใใใใใใใฏใฉในใใ ใใฏ่ใใฆใใฎใใใใใ็ตใใๆนใซใใใใใใชใใใชใฃใฆโฆโฆใ โโ็ตใใใฎๆนใงใใใฃใจโๆฅ่จช่ โใฃใฆๆๅณใใใใใฎใใใใใงใใญใๆๅใฏใ้ใใฆใฐใใใชใฎใซใชใโๆฅ่จช่ โใชใใ ใใใใจโฆโฆใ ่ใใใฏใใใๆใฃใ(็ฌ)ใ ใจใใใใ็ถ็ทจใจใใฏโฆโฆ๏ผใ ่ใไฝใใใใงใใใฉใผโฆโฆใ ใตใ17ๆญณใฎในใใฌใกใใใ่ฆใใใงใใโกใใฉใใใใคใกใผใธใงใใ๏ผใ ่ใใใใงใใญใใใใพใๆดป็บใใใชใใฆๅฅณใใใไบบใ ใจใในใใฌใกใใใฎใขใใซใฏ๏ผใ ่ใ็พๅฎใซใฏใใใพใใใญใ ใตใ็ๆณใฎใฟใคใใจใโฆโฆใ โโใใใใใฐใใณใใใฏในใฎ2ๅทป็ฎใฎๆใใใใใผใธใฎในใใฌใฏใใใใถใๆใใๅคใใฃใฆใใพใใใญใ ่ใ็ตตใฏใญใใชใในใๅคๅใใใใใใซใใใใใใฆใพใใไฟฎ่กไธญใจๆใฃใฆใพใใใใ ใตใ็ตตใฎๆนใงๅฝฑ้ฟๅใใๆนใฏ๏ผใ ่ใ็ฝๅไธๅนณโฆโฆๆๅใฏใญใ โโใใใชใผใใงใใใพใใใญใ็ๅผพๆใใ2ไบบ็ตใชใใฆใ็ๅผพใฎไปฃใใใซๆ่ฃๅฃใซใใใๅฟ่ ใขใใฎใใชใงใใใใญใ ่ใใใฎ้ใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใใตในใฑใใจใๅฅฝใใงใใใใใ ใจใใชใใในใใฌใกใใใจใใใฆๆฏใๅคชใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ใๅคชใใใพใใ๏ผ(็ฌ)ใ ใตใๆ ฃใใใจใใใใใใ ใใฉใใใใจๅใใฆ่ฆใๆใฏโฆโฆใ ใจใๆๅใ้ฃพใใใจๆใฃใใ ่ใ60ๅนดไปฃใฎใกใผใญใฃใใใฟใใใฎใๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใใใฎใธใใใกใใใฃใจใใฃใฆใฟใใ(็ฌ)ใใกใใทใงใณใปใใถใคใณใฎๅญฆๆ กใซ ่กใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใฎใงใ ใตใใใช็ฎใฎไบบใๅฅฝใใ ใจใโฆโฆใ ่ใใใใใใช็ฎใงใญใใใกใณใใฏใกใใฃใจๅใใใใใชใๆใใฆใฏใใพใใใใฉใญใ โโใใช็ฎใใใชใใฎใใใฎใใฐใใกใใใใใใงใใญใ(็ฌ) ๅฐใใใชใผใใฉใใใฆใๅฏ็่ซใซใใใใงใใ๏ผใ ใตใใใใใ่ใใใใฃใ๏ผใๆฐๆใกๆชใใใฎ๏ผ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใใใฎใธใใใกใใฃใจไธ่ฉใ ใฃใใใโฆโฆ(็ฌ)ใ โโใงใใใใฉใผๆ ็ปใงใฏใ่ปใฎๆฉๅฏใจใใชใใจใใงใใใใใฎใฃใฆใใใใใใใงใใใ ่ใใชใขใชใใฃใผใใใใจๆใฃใใโฆโฆๅค่บซใใ็็ฑใใกใใกใใจใ่ฟซๅใฎ้ขใง้ใฃใฆใใใจๆใใใงใใใใใใคใชใๅค่บซใใใญใชใใใจใๆใใใใใใซใฏโฆโฆใ ใจใ่ชญใใ ๆใใใตใคใใผใฐ009ใใฟใใใชๆใใใใโกใ โโๅฅณใฎๅญใฎๆๆณใงใใญใใใใใใซใ่ชๅใฎใใใ ใซ็งๅฏใฎๅใใใฃใฆ็ต็นใซ่ฟฝใใใๅญค็ฌใชใใผใญใผใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใ009ใใใใฆใซใใฌใคใใใใญใใคใฉใใชใใใใใฟใใชๅ ฑ้ใฎๆฒๅ็ใช้ญ ๅใๆใฃใฆใพใใใใญใใใใใใใใใง่ชญ่ ใฎ่ณชๅใใกใใฃใจโฆโฆใโใใชใผโใใจใใใใๆใซใใใใณใในๆถฒใชใใฆๅ ฅใใใซๆฐดใๅ ฅใใฆใใพใใฐใใใชใผใฏ็ ใฃใฆใใพใฃใใใใใชใใใงใใ๏ผใใจใใใใงใใโฆโฆใ ่ใใใใฏใใขใทในใฟใณใใใใๆๆใใใใพใใใ(็ฌ)ใใใฏใญใๆฐดใๅ ฅใใฆใใ้ใซใใใชใผใ ใจๆใใจใใใฆ่ฑๅบใใกใใใใ๏ผใ ไธๅใใใฃใใชใใปใฉใผ๏ผใ ่ใ้ใฎ็ฎใฏใใกใใใจใใใพใง่ใใฆใใใใ๏ผใ โโใใฑใฆใใใใใชใใฃใใใงใใญใ ใตใ็็ฉใจใใฏใๅฅฝใใ ใฃใใใงใใ๏ผๅพๆ็ง็ฎใ ใฃใใจใโฆโฆใ ่ใใใใใใใใพใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใจใใใใ่ฑ่ชใ๏ผใใใใ ใใใใใชใใจใฐใๅบใฆใใใใโฆโฆใ ่ใ่ฑ่ชใฏโโ(็ฌ)ใใใใฏไธๅพๆใ ใใใใใใจใใใใใใใฆใใ ใตใโโใใงใใกใใณใจใใใใใๅบใฆใใใใใใ่ฉฆ้จใซๅฝน็ซใคใใณใฌใใจใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใใใๆธใใใ็ตถๅฏพใซ่ฝใกใพใ๏ผใ ใจใๅญไพใฎใใใฏใใฉใใชๅญใงใใ๏ผใใฃใฑใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใใใใใฆใใพใใใ๏ผใ ่ใใใใพใใใใใใฆใชใใฃใใญใใใฃใใๅคใง้ใใงใฆใๅนดไธใฎใฌใญๅคงๅฐใฎๅพใใจใใใงใณใใงใณใคใใฆๆญฉใใฆใใ โโใใใใใฐใๅใๅฎฎๅใฎๅญฆๆ กใฎๅพ่ผฉใฎไบบใใใใใฌใญๆฅใฆใพใใใใ ่ใใใฃใใใฏใๅฎฎๅๅบ่บซใงใใไปๅฐใงใใ โโๅฏใใซๅผทใใใใงใใใ ่ใๅฏใๅผทใใงใใๅคใฏโโไปๅฐใซ้ใใฆๅธฐใใพใใ ใจใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใใใจๆใฃใใฎใฏใใใคใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ใใใถใคใณๅญฆๆ กๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใชใใ้ซๆ กๅๆฅญใใฆใใใใถใคใณๅญฆๆ กๅ ฅใฃใฆใ่ทใใชใใใงใใใใใจใใซๅ ฅใฃใใใฃใจๆใฃใฆใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใใใจๆใฃใฆๆใกใใฟใใใฃใโฆโฆใ ใจใใใใใๅชๅใฎไบบใชใใงใใญใ ่ใๅชๅใจใใใใใฏโฆโฆๆณฃใใคใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ้กใใใพใผใใฃใฆโฆโฆใ ไธๅ(็ฌ) ใตใใใใใใฃใใงใใใ็ทจ้ใใใฏ๏ผใ ่ใๆใใงใ๏ผ(็ฌ)ใ ๅฐใใงใใใณใใซๆใฃใใใ็งใใฉใใใฆใใใชใๅใฃใกใใพใฟใใใชไบบใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใฃใใใ ใใใฃใฆ(็ฌ)ใ โโใใใงใใ๏ผ ๅฐใใธใฃใณใใงใใใๆฐๅนดๅทใชใใใง่กจ็ดใงๅ ็ๆนใฎ้กใๅบใใงใใใใใ่ฆใฆใใใผใฃใฆๆใฃใฆโฆโฆใ โโใใใใใ่ๆจๅ ็ใฏใใใฌใณใฟใคใณใฎใใงใณใใๅคงใใช็ฎฑใซ2ใคใ ใ3ใคใ ใใใใกใณใใใใใใใใงใใใ ไธๅใใใใฃใใใใใ๏ผใ ่ใใฉใใใใใใใจใใใใใพใใ ๅฐใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใใใชใใฆๅ ็ใใฆใซ๏ผใใใใฏใใใ๏ผใ ใตใใใใใใใงใณใฌใผใใฏใใฟใใชใฉใใใฆใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ใๅ จ้จใ้ฃในใฆใพใใ่ฟไบใใใใคใๆธใใฆใพใ๏ผใ โโใใใใใใใใฌใญใงใใใพใใใใฉใใๆญฃๆใซใใณใฌๅฎถใใใฅใผใธใทใฃใณใซๅนด่ณ็ถใๅบใใใใ่ๆจๅ ็ใใใฏใ่ฟไบใใใใใๆฉใใใใใใฃใฆใ ่ใ(็ฌ)ใใฏใฏใใกใงใ๏ผใ โโใใกใณใฏ็ดฐใใใจใ่ฆใฆใพใใญใ ่ใ้ฑใ1้ใ2้ใฏ่ฟไบใๆธใใฆใใใใชใใใช๏ผใ โโๅ ฌ่ชใฎใใกใณใฏใฉใใฟใใใชใใฎใฏใใใใงใใ๏ผ ่ใใใใพใโฆโฆใใฃใใใช๏ผใ ไธๅใใใใ!?ใ ่ใใใใใฃใฆใ่จใฃใใใใใใชใใใฉโฆโฆใ ใตใใใใชใผใใฏใใขใใกๅใฎ่ฉฑใจใใชใใใงใใ๏ผใ โโใใใใใใใชใขใใกใฎ่ฉฑใจใใฏ่ณใซใใพใใใฉใใฏใฃใใๆฑบๅฎใใใใฎใฏใชใใงใใญใ ่ใใฌใณใผใใฎ่ฉฑใฏโฆโฆใ โโใคใกใผใธใปใฌใณใผใใฎ่ฉฑใฏใใฃใใใ ใใฉใใใใฏๆตใใกใใใพใใใ ่ใใใใๆฎๅฟตใงใใใ ใจใ่ชๅใฎไฝๅใฎใขใใกๅใชใใฆใฎใฏใ่ฆใฆใฟใใใจใๆใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ใโฆโฆ่ฆใฆใฟใใใงใใญใใใใใใจใใใใฎใจใฏใกใใฃใจ้ใใใฉใ โโๅฃฐๅชใใใใใใธใใงใใใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ใตใๅฎๅ็ใจใใใใฎใฏโโใฏใใใฎในใใฉใใฟใงโฆโฆใ ่ใใใญใใญใใญใฃใฆ(็ฌ)ใ ใตใใงใๆฐๆใกใใใใ(็ฌ)ใ ๅฐใใใใใใๅ ็ใไธปๅฝนใ ๏ผใ ไธๅใใใฃใไผผๅใใใใ๏ผใ ่ใใใ ใ(็ฌ)ใ โโใใฃใ่ๆจๅ ็ใฏ่ฆๆใชใใงใใฃใฆใใใใใใซใใซใฃใฆใใผใบใจใใจใฃใใใใใฎใ ใตใใใผใบใฏใใปใJACใจใในใฟใณใใฎไบบใซใใใใฆใ่ฒๆใฎๆใ ใใ ใจใใใใใใฎใๆตทๅคใงๅใใใใ โโๅฐๆนพใงใฏใ้ญ็่จชๅฎขใใฃใฆใณใใใฏในใซใชใฃใฆใพใใใ ใจใใใใใใชใใฆใใขใกใชใซใจใใใใฃใจใกใธใฃใผใซโฆโฆใ ่ใใใจใฐใฎใฎใฃใใใใชใใใใใใงใใใฉใญใ ใตใใใใใ่ฑ่ชใฏไฝฟใใชใใจใ่จใใใใใใฆ(็ฌ)ใ โโใใใฏๆใใใใใขใกใชใซใจใใฎๆ ็ปใงๅคใชๆฅๆฌ่ชใไฝฟใใใใฎใจใใฃใใใงใใญใ ่ใใใชใผใจใใใผใใฃใผใฃใฆใฎใ้ ใฃใใใจใฐใงใใญใใฉใผใใผๅๅใซใใใใใจๆใฃใฆโฆโฆ็บ้ณใงๆฑบใใใใงใใญใ โโใใใไฝใใฎ็ฅใงใฏใชใ๏ผ ่ใใใใใใชใใใใฃใผใฃใฆใฎใใใ้ฟใใใใชใใจๆใฃใฆใ้ ญๆๅญใงใใใใจๆใฃใฆโโATใBTใใใฃใใใผใใฃใผใงใใใใจใ โโใใใงใฏใใใใใใใพใใงใใใๆฉใใธใฃใณใใงๆฐ้ฃ่ผใ่ฆใใใใใซใใฟใใชใจใคใทใงใใพใใใผใญ๏ผ ไธๅใใใใฐใฃใฆไธใใผใโกใ [1] |
Interview Archive
- For more thoughts from Araki, see the Author's Note or JoJonium Interview pages.
1986-1993
Famicom Jump: Hero Retsuden's strategy guide (04/1989)
ใณใใฏใใใพใใพใใณใใซๅคง็ใงใใใคใใซ็ปๅ ดใฎ่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆๅ ็ใฏใ็ฅใไบบใ็ฅใใฒใผใ ้ใ
่ใใจ่จใฃใฆใใใใกใใณใณใใใชใใใฉใญใ
ใณใใใฉใณใใจใใใผใใฒใผใ ใงใใ!?
่ใใใ!!ใใซใผใใไฝฟใฃใใฒใผใ ใใใจใใฐใใผใซใผใชใใๅฅฝใใ ใญใใใใซใใใฏใฎใฃใขใณใใขใใใชใผใๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใ!!
ใณใใชใใชใใใถใ่ถฃๅณใ ใจๆใใพใใใซใผใใฒใผใ ใฏใฉใใชใจใใใ้ญ ๅใชใใงใใ!?
่ใใใใฏใใใ็ธๆใไบบ้ใงใใใจใใใจใใใ ใญใใฒใผใ ใใฎใใฎใฎ้ข็ฝใใใใใๅฏพๆฆใใ็ธๆใจใฎ้งใๅผใใ้ข็ฝใใใ ใๅใใฒใผใ ใงใ็ธๆใซใใฃใฆๅ จ็ถใกใใใฒใผใ ๅฑ้ใซใชใใใญใ
ใณใโฆใตใใตใใใใใใซใใกใใณใณใงใฏ่ชฐใใใฃใฆใ็ธๆใฏใณใณใใฅใผใฟใงใใใใญใ
่ใใใใซใใใฏใฏใใกใใณใณใฃใฆใใปใจใใฉใใฃใใใจใใชใใใ ใใงใๅใ ใกใฉใใใงๆฆใใฒใผใ ใชใใใใใใใใใญใๅฏพไบบ้ใงใใงใใใฒใผใ ใชใใฐใใใฏใ่ๅณใฏใใใ!!
ใณใ่ๆจๅ ็ใฏใใใใจใใกใใณใณๅๅฏพ!!ใฎไบบใใจๆใฃใฆใพใใใใฉโฆใ
่ใใใใใใ!!ใใใชใใจใฏใชใใใใใฏใฎใขใใใผใฏใใฏใจใฏใจ่ใใชใใ่ช็ฑใซ็ใใใ!!ใใ ใใใญใใใกใใณใณใ ใฃใฆ่ชๅใๅฅฝใใชใใใใใฐใใ!!ๆ้ใฎ็ก้งใ ใจๆใใฐใใใใใฐใใใฎใ!!
ใณใใใใงใใญใใใใใๆๅพใซใธใฃใณใ่ชญ่ ใฎ็ใใใซไฝใใใฒใจ่จ!!
่ใใใธใงใธใงใใฎ้ฃ่ผใๅงใพใฃใฆใใฏใ2ๅนดใใ ใใฉๆฐไบบใฎใจใใฎๆฐๆใกใๅฟใใใซใใใฐใใพใใฃ!!
[2]ใใฌใใทใฅๅฏพ่ซ
่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆvs.้ ่ฆ่ณขไธ ๆผซ็ปใๅฐ่ชฌใใใญใฌในๆตใซๆใใใใใชใใ
ใๅพๅฎฎๅฐ่ชฌใใๅขจๆปใ็ญใๆฐ้ฎฎใชๆฏๅนใใตใใไฝๅใๆฌกใ ใซ็บ่กจใใ้ ่ฆๆฐใจใ ใ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใ่ชใซใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใใ้ฃ่ผไธญใฎ่ๆจๆฐใ ๅฐ่ชฌ็ใจๆผซ็ป็ใฎๆฐ้ญใ<็ฉ่ช>ใฎ้ญ ๅใ็ฑ่ซใ ใตใใใซ็ธ้ใใใณใณใญใฏใปใปใปใปใปใปๅธธใซๅ จๅๆ็๏ผ
โไธญๅฝใฎใใจใฏๅ จ็ถ็ฅใใชใ
่ๆจใๆฅใใใใชใใ้ ่ฆใใใฎไฝๅใฏใๅขจๆปใใใ่ชญใใงใใชใใใงใใใฉใใชใซใ็งใจๅ ฑ้็นใใใใใใชๆฐใใใใใงใใๆๆ ใฎใใใใใพใพใซๆธใใคใฅใฃใฆใใไบบใจใใใฎใฏใๆๅใจๆๅพใงใใพใ้ขไฟใชใใฃใใใใพใใใฉใ้ ่ฆใใใฎใฏ็่ซ็ใซ็ฉไบใ้ฒใใงใใใพใใใญใใใใใใจใใใไผผใฆใใใใชใจใ
้ ่ฆใ่ซ็็ใซๆธใใฆใใคใใใฏใชใใงใใใฉใใใใใๆญดๅฒใซใคใใฆๆธใใใใ ใใใ่ณๆใฏใกใใใจ้ใใชใใใใใชใใจใใใใจใงใใงใใ็ทปๅฏใช่จ็ฎใชใใฆใชใใใงใใใๅฎใฏใ
่ๆจใใใฏใใๆใใไธญๅฝใฎใใจใ่ชฟในใฆใใใใงใใใ
้ ่ฆใใใใไธญๅฝใฎใใจใฏๅ จ็ถ็ฅใใชใใใงใใใคใใฃใฆๆธใใฆใใใใใใกใใฃใจๆฅใใใใใ
่ๆจใใใใชใใงใใใใงใใๆผซ็ปใซใใใใใไบบใใใฃใฑใใใพใใใๆณๆณใซใใใฃใฆใใใใฐใใๆธใใฆใพใใใใ
้ ่ฆใใงใใ็ฅใใชใใฎใซๆธใใจใใใฎใฏใกใใฃใจๆใใงใใญใ่ญ่ ใฎๆๆใจใใไธญๅฝใซไธๅนดใชใไฝใใ ไผ็คพๅกใจใใซใใใใชใใจใชใใใจใ่จใใใใใใใใใใงใขใฆใใใใชใใงใใใไปใฎใจใใใฏใชใใงใใใฉใไปๅพใใใใใใงใใญใ
่ๆจใใจใใฃใฆใใใใ็จๅบฆใฏๅตไฝใใๆญดๅฒใฟใใใชใใฎใใใใใใ ใใใ
้ ่ฆใๅใฏใฟใใชใคใใ็ฉใงใใใใ ใใฉใๅ จ็ถๅญๅจใใชใใใใชๆญฆๅจใๆธใใใใใฆใฏใใใชใใใๅฎๅจใฎๅฝใๅๆใซๆป ใผใใฆใใใใชใใใใใฎ็จๅบฆใฎๅถ็ดใใใใ ใใงใใใ
่ๆจใใงใใๆญดๅฒไธใฎไบบ็ฉใๅบใใจใใฏใใใใใคๆญปใใ ใฎใใใใฃใฆใใพใใใญใใใใใๅ ดๅใฏใใกใใใจใใใงๆญปใชใชใใใใใชใใ
้ ่ฆใๅคงไธๅคซใใๅขจๆปใใซใฏๆญดๅฒไธใฎไบบ็ฉใฏใปใจใใฉๅบใฆใใชใใใใ
่ๆจใใใใชใใงใใใใใใๅใฏใฆใฃใใๆผขๅญใๅบใฆใใใจใใใๅฎ้ใซใใไบบใใจใ
้ ่ฆใ่ฆใใใซใๆ ็ปใใคใใใจใใซ่ใๅฐใ่ฆใคใใฆใใใใซใปใใใใคใใฃใฆใจใใๆใใชใใงใใๅใ่ชๅใง่ใใฆใคใใฃใใใฎใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใฐใณใใใฏใงๆผซ็ปใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใใฉใใใใฏ้ ่ฆใใใฎๆณๅ้ใใฎ็ตตใซใชใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ
้ ่ฆใใจใใใใใๅใฏใใฎ้ ใฎๆ่ฃ ใๅ จ็ถ็ฅใใชใใใใใใใใใใชๆ็ใฆใใใฎใใจใใญใ
่ๆจใใใใชใใงใใใ(็ฌ)
้ ่ฆใ่ฒดๆใฎๆใชใใใฏใใใใใงใใญใใกใใใจ็ตตใๆฎใฃใฆใใใใใใงใใๅบถๆฐใใฉใใชๆใ็ใฆใใใจใใไฝใ้ฃในใฆใใใใชใใฆใใใฎใฏใๅ จ็ถใใใใชใใใใงใใใๅใซใใฆใใใใฎ้ ใฎๅๅฃใฏๆฎใฃใฆใใชใใงใใใใ้ฃใใๅ้กใใใฃใฑใใฏใใใงใใใใงใใใใญใ
่ๆจใ้บ่ทกใฟใใใฎใฏใใพใใชใใใงใใใ
้ ่ฆใใใฃใฑใใใใใงใใใฉใใใใใซใไบใใๅนดๅใจใชใใจใกใใฃใจ้ฃใใใใจใธใใใจใใฎใชใทใฃใฏ็ณใงใคใใฃใฆใใใใใกใใใจๆฎใฃใฆใใใใฉใไธญๅฝใฎใฏๅฉใใฐๅฃใใใใงใใญใใใใๅใๅบใใฆใคใใฃใฆใใใใใใใใใ ใใใใใใใๆๅณใงใๆฌๅฝใฏใใฎๅฐ่ชฌใฏใใใๆธใใฆใใใใงใใใฉใ
่ๆจใใงใใๅ จ็ถใใใ ใจๆใใชใใฃใใชใ
้ ่ฆใใ ใใใใฉใใไธญๅฝ็ฉใฎใจใญในใใผๅใ ใจ่ฆใใใฆใใพใใใกใงใๅใฏๅซใ ๅซใ ใจ่จใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฉใ๏ผณ๏ผฆใๆธใใฆใใพใใใๅฅใซไธญๅฝ็ฉใซใใ ใใฃใฆๆธใใฆใใใใใใใชใใใงใใใ
โ่ชญ่
ใฎๆณๅใใใใใใ่ฃๅใ
้ ่ฆใใธใฃใณใใง้ฃ่ผใใฆใใใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใใงใๆ ผ้ๆใๅบใฆใใพใใญใ่ๆจใใ่ช่บซใๆ ผ้ๆใฏใใฃใใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ
่ๆจใๅ จ็ถใใฃใฆใใพใใใๅฃ้ใใใฃใฆใใใใจใฏใใใใงใใใฉใ
้ ่ฆใ่ฆใๆนใ๏ผ
่ๆจใใชใใงใใญใใใฌใใงใใฃใฆใใ็จๅบฆใชใ่ฆใใใงใใใฉใใใใซใๆ ผ้ๆใๆธใใฆใใใจใใๆใใฏใใพใใชใใใงใใ้ ่ฆใใใใใใ ใจๆใใพใใใไบบ้ใฎ้งใๅผใใจใใใใงใใใใใฎ่พบใใใใใใใใใงใใ ใใใใใญใฌในใจใใใฏใฃใใ่จใฃใฆๅซใใงใใญใ
้ ่ฆใ่ๆจใใใฏใใใใฃใใใใใฉใๅฎใฏใใใญใฌในใๅใใชใใงใใญใใใญใฌในใ ใจ็ธๆใฎๅคไบบใชใใชใใชใใฎๅใใๅๅๅผใๅบใใฆใใใใฃใคใใชใใใใใชใใจใใใฎใใใใใใงใใใใใใใใซใๆช็ฅใฎๆ ผ้ๅฎถใ่ฅฒๆฅใใๅ ดๅใ็ธๆใฎๆใกๆใๅบใใชใใใกใซๅใใฆใฏใใใชใใใใงใใๅใใใฎๅผทใใไฝๅใ่ฆณๅฎขใใใณใฌในใฉใผใซ่ฆใใคใใๅพใงๅใในใใชใใงใใญใๆผซ็ปใงใๅใใ ใจๆใใใงใใใฏใฃใใ่จใฃใฆใๅฑ้บใชใใคใ ใฃใใใใๆฎบใใกใใใฐใใใใ ใใฉใใใฃใฑใใ็ธๆใฎๅๅณใ่ฆใใคใใๅพใงไธ็บ้่ปขใใใใใใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซๅฟ ่ฆใชใใจใงใใ
่ๆจใไธๆๅฟ ๆฎบใ ใฃใใใใธใฃใณใใฟใใใช้ทใๆฆใใฏใงใใชใใ(็ฌ)
้ ่ฆใใใฎ่พบใงใๅ็ฐๆฅๆใใใ้ ใฎ๏ผต๏ผท๏ผฆใชใใใฏๆฉใใใใงใใญใๅผฑใใใฃใ ใฃใใไธๅใงๅใใใใงใใใๆฌๅฝใฏใญใใงใใ็ธๆใฎใใใๆใ่ฆใใๅพใงใใใใซๅใใชใใใฐใใใชใใใใใๅ ซ็พ้ทใ ใจ่จใใใฆใใ็พ็ถใใใใใๆฉใใใใงใใ
่ๆจใใใใงๅ่ฃใใใใใใใงใใญใ
้ ่ฆใใใใใใใจใงใใใใใฎๅใงใใใใฏใทใณใฏใฎใใผใฌใใผใปใใผใใใฏใจ๏ผต๏ผท๏ผฆใคใณใฟใผใฎ้ซ็ฐๅปถๅฝฆใใใฃใใจใใๆฌๅฝใฏใใผใใใฏใฎใใณใใฎๅใใๅญๅใซ่ฆใใคใใไธใงๅใในใใ ใฃใใฎใซใ้ซ็ฐใฏใใใชใใใฃใกใใฃใใใฎใ ใใใใใผใใใฏใฏ้ใใกใใฃใใ
่ๆจใใใใๆฆใใฎๆนๆณใ ใจใ
้ ่ฆใใใผใใใฏใฎใใณใใฏไธใใใญใญไปฅไธใฎใใณใใจใใใใ ใใใใใใชใใฎๅใใใ็ตใใใงใใใใใใฎๅใซใฌใณใฌใณใซ่นดใใพใใฃใใๆ ผ้่ ใจใใฆใฏๆญฃใใใใงใใญใใงใใใใญใฌในใงใฏ้้ใใชใใงใใใใผใใใฏใฎ่ ๅจใๅญๅใซ่ฆใใคใใฆใใฉใใฉใซใชใฃใฆใใ้่ปขใใชใใใใใชใใใงใใใ ใใใใปใกใณใใฏใคใพใใชใๅ ดๅใๅคใใ
่ๆจใใปใกใณใใจใใใจ๏ผ
้ ่ฆใใฌใใณใณใจใ่จใใพใใใฉใ็ๅฃๅ่ฒ ใฎใใจใงใใใใญใฌในใจใใฆใฏใกใใฃใจใพใใใจๆใใใใฎๆๅณใงใฏใๆผซ็ปใใใใ ใจๆใใใงใใใใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใใงใใ่ใๅใใใฆ้ชจใๆญใคใจใใๅใกๆนใๅคใใงใใใญใ้กใฎไธญใงใใๅใใชใใใคใจใใๅคขใฎไธญใง่ฅฒใฃใฆใใในใฟใณใใจใใใใใใใช็ธๆใๅบใฆใใใใใงใใใฉใใฉใใใฃใฆๅใใฎใใจๆฏ้ฑๆฅฝใใฟใงใใ
่ๆจใๆธใๅใซใไธๅฟใใใใชๆใใใชใจใใใฎใฏใใใใงใใใฉใๆธใใฆใใฆใใใใใฃใฆๅใใใใ ใใชใใใใชใใใจใๆใใใงใใญใ
้ ่ฆใใตใคใใๆผซ็ปใ ใจใ ใใใๅ ใ่ฆใใใใงใใใฉใ่ๆจใใใฎใฏๅ ใ่ฆใใชใใใฉใใใฃใฆๅใใใ ใใใจใ
่ๆจใใใใๅซใใชไบบใใใใใงใใใฉใญใ
้ ่ฆใใใใใใใฏใใใใใจใงใใใ่ชญ่ ใฎๆณๅใจใๆๅพ ใ่ฃๅใใคใฅใใฆใใชใใใคใใใใใ่ฃๅใใจใใใฎใๆญฃใใๅงฟใจๆใใพใใญใ
่ๆจใใใฎๆๅณใงใๅขจๆปใใฏๆๅฟใใพใใใ
้ ่ฆใๅใใใใใคใๅใใใคใ ใจใใใฎใ่ฆใใฆใใๅใใชใใใใใชใใงใใใใ
โๆฏ้ฑๆฏ้ฑใๅฟ
ๆญป
่ๆจใใใฃใใ้ ่ฆใใใจไผผใฆใใใจ่จใใพใใใใฉใใใฃใฑใๅฟ็ๆฆใชใใงใใญใใใใใใใใใใ้ ่ฆใใใฎๅฐ่ชฌใใฟใใชใใใงใใญใใใใใใจใใใใใกใใฃใจไผผใฆใใใชใจๆใฃใใใงใใ
้ ่ฆใๅใฏใ่ๆจใใใฎใใจใฏๆๅก่ณใใๅใใซใชใฃใใๆญฆ่ฃ ใใผใซใผใใใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใใซ่ๆจใใใฎ่ณ่ณชใจใใใฎใฏๅบใฆใใพใใญใใใผใซใผใฎใใชใใฏใจใใใใฃใฑใใฎใฃใณใใซๅฅฝใใงใใใใ
่ๆจใใพใใๅคงๆตใใใพใใ็งใฏใใใพใ่ฒ ใใชใใงใใใๅใฃใฆใใใจใใใงใใใใใจใใงใใ็ทใชใใงใใ
้ ่ฆใๅคๅฝใงใใใใใงใใใ
่ๆจใใใใพใใญใใจใทใๅใงใใฐใฉใณใซใธใใจใใใฎใใใใใงใใใไธไบบใงไนใ่พผใฟใพใใใใใ
้ ่ฆใใงใๅ่ฒ ใฏ๏ผ
่ๆจใๅใกใพใใใใใๅ็ฃไปฃใฏๅ จ้จใฎใฃใณใใซใงๅใใพใใใใใ
้ ่ฆใๅใผใใฒใผใ ใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจใใใใงใใญใใใใพใๆ้ใใใใใฎใฏใ ใใงใใญใ
้ ่ฆใใใฃใฑใใใฎใฃใณใใซใงใๆฉๆขฐ็ธๆใใใชใใฆใไบบ้็ธๆใๅฅฝใใงใใใใ
่ๆจใใใใงใใญใใใจใใฐใซใผใฌใใใซใใฆใใๅใใใฎใใฃใผใฉใผใฏใใญใใงใใทใงใใซใ ใใใใกใใใจ่ชๅใฎๅฅฝใใช็ชๅทใซๅ ฅใใใใ่ ใใใใใงใใใใใใใใญใ็ธๆใซใ่ฃใฎ่ฃใฎ่ฃใใใใใ่ฆใฆใใใใงใใญใใใใๅฟ็ๆฆใชใใงใใใ
้ ่ฆใใใใงใใใชใใชใๅใฆใชใใ
่ๆจใๅฒใใใจใใใชใใใใใใใกใใฃใจใจๆใใใงใใญใใงใใๅใฏๅใฃใฆใใใจใใใงใใใใใพใใใฎใฃใณใใซใฎๆฅฝใใใฏ้งใๅผใใงใใใใใผใใฎๆผซ็ปใฎ้ข็ฝใใฎใฒใจใคใๅฟ็ๆฆใซใใใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใ
้ ่ฆใใใฎๆๅณใงใๅใจใใฆใฏใๅฎๅ่ ๅๅฃซใฎๆฆใใจใใใฎใซใใใ่ๅณใใใใใงใใใงใใๅฐๆฃใจใ็ขใฎๅฎๅ่ ใจใใใฎใฏ็พๆใไบ็พๆ่ชญใฟใชใใๆๅญใใใใใงใใใใใงใ็ด ไบบใใใฎๅฟ็ๆฆใๆใใจใใใฎใฏใปใจใใฉไธๅฏ่ฝใงใใใญใใใฎ็นใ็ธๆฒใฏไธๅ ดๆใใใฆๅฎๅ่ ๅๅฃซใฎๆฆใใ่ฆใใใใใ ใใไบบๆฐใใใใใใงใใญใ
่ๆจใใใญใฌในใฏใฉใใชใใงใใใ
้ ่ฆใใพใใๅฃไฝใฎๆๆใชใฉใใใฃใฆใๅใใๅๅฃซใฎๆฆใใฏใพใใชใใงใใใฉใๅฟ็ๆฆใจใใ้ขใงใฏใใใใ
่ๆจใๅฅฅๆทฑใใใ ใชใกใใใญใฌในใฏใ
้ ่ฆใๅฅฅๆทฑใใใฆใใปใใจใๅ ซ็พ้ทใจใ็ๅฃใจใ่จใฃใฆใใๆฎต้ใฎไบบใใกใๅฏๅ็ธใ ใจๅใฏๆใใพใใใๅฐ่ชฌใๆผซ็ปใไธ็ทใงใ็ๅฃๆผซ็ปใจๅ ซ็พ้ทๆผซ็ปใใใใจๆใใใงใใ
่ๆจใใใใงใใญใ
้ ่ฆใ็ธๆใฎๅใๆฅต้ใซๅผใๅบใใฆใใใฆใใใใใฃใฆใใใ็ธๆใฎๅใ่ฆใใฆใใใชใใใใใชใใใใงใใใ่ๆจใใใฎๆผซ็ปใงใใใญใฌใน็ใซ็ธๆใฎๆใ่ชญ่ ใซ่ฆใๅใฃใไธใงใใฉใใใใใ ใใใใฉใใใใใ ใใใจๆใใใฆใใใฆใใกใใใจใใฃใกใๅใใฆใใพใใจใใใฎใใใใใงใใใขใคใใขใๅบใๆใใฟใใฆใใชใใ
่ๆจใใชใซใใ่ชๅใ่ฉฆ็ทดใซ้ฅใใใจใใใใใใงใใใๆๅใฏใฉใใใฃใฆๅใใใใใใชใใพใพใใจใซใใๅผทใใใกใใฃใฆ่ฟฝใ่พผใใใงใใญใ
้ ่ฆใๅใใใใใใใจใๅฉใๆนใใใใใชใใชใฃใกใใใฎใงใใใพใใใใชใใใงใใใใพใใซไธๅฉใช็ถๆณใงๆฆใใจใใใฎใฏใใใฃใฑใใใใฎ็นใ่ๆจใใใฏใกใใใจใใฃใกใๅใใฆใใพใใใใใใใใใงใใใใคใใใใคใใธใจใขใคใใขใๅบใๆใใฟใใชใใใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใใงใใใใๅไฝไบบใๅใใฆใพใใใฉใฟใใชใใใใฃใใ
่ๆจใในใฟใณใใ ใใงไธๅ้ใ่ฟใ่ใใฆใใใใงใใญใใใฃใฑใใๆผซ็ปใงใฏใใฎ้ฑใฎใๆฅฝใใฟใใใกใใจใชใใจใ ใใงใใใใใฉใใใฆใ่ฉฑใจใใใฎใฏๅฑฑใใ่ฐทใใใงๆตใใฆใใใใฉใ่ฐทใฎใจใใใใใฃใจ็ถใใฆใใพใใใใช่ฉฑใ ใจใในใใผใชใผใจใใฆใฏๅฟ ็ถๆงใใใฃใฆใใใใฎ้ฑใจใใฆใฏใใใใใใชใใงใใใใ
้ ่ฆใใใฎๆๅณใงใ่ๆจใใใฎใขใคใใขๆงๆใจใใใฎใฏใใใใงใใญใใขใคใใขใฎใฒใจใคใซใๆณข็ดใใใใใพใใญใ
่ๆจใ่ไฝใฎ้็ใฟใใใชใใฎใ่ฟฝๆฑใใฆ่ใใใใจใใใใใงใใใใฉใใพใงๅค่บซใงใใใใจใใใใใใใ่ตคๅค็ทใงๅใใใใชใผใฉใๅใฃใฆใใใจใใญใ็งๅญฆ็ใซใๆฐใใฎ็ ็ฉถใใใใฆใใใใใงใใใใจใๅฎๅฎใใใจใใซใฎใผใๆฅใฆใใใจใใใใใใไธๆ่ญฐใชใใจใใใใใใใใใฎใฏๅ จ้จใใฒใจใคๅ ฑ้ใใฆใใไฝใใใใใใใใชใใใจใใใใใชใตใใซ็บๆณใใฆใใใใงใใใใใงใ่ชญ่ ใซใใใใใใใใใซใๅ ๆฐใฎใๆฐใใจใใๆณข็ดใใ ใจใๅๅใใคใใใใงใใญใ
้ ่ฆใใในใฟใณใใใใใใงใใใ
่ๆจใๅฎ่ญท้ใใใกใใฃใจใใใ ใชใใจใใใใใงใใจใซใใใๆๅ ใซ็ซใคใใในๅคใณใใจๅไปใใใใงใใญใใงใใใใใใใขใฃใใขใไฝฟใๅใฃใใจใใใ
้ ่ฆใใใใใขใคใใขใๅ ๅปถใฐใใจใใใฃใกใใ ใใ ใจๆใใพใใญใ
่ๆจใใธใฃใณใใงใใใใใฃใใ็ใๆฎใใชใใๆฏ้ฑใใใฎ้ฑใฎ่ฆใๅ ดใใคใใใชใใใใใชใใใใงใใใใใฟใใชใๆฅ้ฑใฎใใจใใใใใใชใใ
้ ่ฆใๅฐ่ชฌใใใๆผซ็ปใฎๆนใฎๅฎๆๅบฆใ้ซใใจใใใฎใใใใซ็็ฑใใใใใงใใใใญใ
่ๆจใใพใใๆฏ้ฑๆฏ้ฑใๅฟ ๆญปใงใใใใจใฏ้้ใใใใพใใใใฉใ
โในใใผใชใผใ่ฟฝใใ ใใชใ็ฐกๅ
้ ่ฆใๆผซ็ปใงใใใฎใฏใใญใฃใฉใฏๅคใผใ็ซใฆใใจใใใฎใไธ็ชใ ใจใใใใจใงใใใๆใกๆใจใๅๆงใใใใใๆใใฆใใญใฃใฉใฏๅคใผใ็ซใฆใใใใ
่ๆจใ็ขบใใซใใญใฃใฉใฏๅคใผใ็ซใใชใใใฐใๆผซ็ปใฏๆ็ซใใพใใใ่ชญ่ ใซใฉใใขใใผใซใใใฎใใๆฏ้ฑใใใพใๆฉใพใใจใใใงใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใฎ้ญ ๅใใฒใใ ใใใใซใใฉใใชใจใใฝใผใใๆใใฎใใใใใไธ็ชๅ้กใชใใงใใ
้ ่ฆใๅฐ่ชฌใฏ้ใใใงใใใใญใฃใฉใฏๅคใผใ็ซใฆใใใไบบ้ใๆธใใจใใใใงใใ
่ๆจใๅใใใจใใใชใใใงใใใ
้ ่ฆใ้ใใใใงใใ่ฆใใใซใ็ชๆๅญใใชใไบบ้ใๆธใใฆใฏใใใชใใใงใใใไบบ้ใๆธใใจใใใใๅ ดๅใๅใใ่ฆใใฐใใตใใใใชใจใใใใจใงใใใฉใไฝใๅฐ่ชฌ็ใจใใใฎใฏใใใใไป็ตใฟใซใชใฃใฆใใใฟใใใงใญใๅใฎไธไปฃใซใชใใจใใใใใใชใฎใฏ้ขไฟใชใใฆใใฏใฃใใ่จใฃใฆใ่ๆจใใใฎใปใใไธใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใ
่ๆจใใใใงใใใใใญใใใ ใ่จใใใใจใฏใๆผซ็ปใฎไธ็ใงใฏใคใใคใพใใใใใใ ใใฎในใใผใชใผใฏ้็จใใชใใในใใผใชโใ่ฟฝใใ ใใชใ็ฐกๅใชใใงใใใงใใใญใฃใฉใฏๅคใผใซใจใฃใฆๅฟ ่ฆใชใจใใฝใผใใๅ ฅใใฆใใใใงใชใใใคใใคใใคใพใๅใใใใจใชใใจใใใใฏ้ฃใใใๆฏ้ฑใไฝๅใใใใใจใ้ ญใฎไธญใฏใซใฉใใใงใใญใ
้ ่ฆใๅฐ่ชฌๅฎถใฎใชใใซใฏใใขใคใใขใๅบใๆใใฟใใฆใใใฎใขใคใใขใฏใใฎ็ญ็ทจใซใจใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใใใใฑใใใใไบบใใใใใงใใใๅใฏใไป่ใใฆใใใใจใฏใในใฆๆธใใจใใๆน้ใ ใใใๆธใ็ตใใใจใผใญใซใชใฃใกใใใใงใใใงใใใพใๆตฎใใใงใใใฎใใพใๅพ ใฃใฆใใชใใใชใใชใใใงใใใใใใใใฎใชใใใใชใใงใใใญใ่ฆใใใซใๆจ็ๅฐ่ชฌใ ใจไธใคใฎ็ญ็ทจใซไธใคใฎใขใคใใขใจใใใใญใชใๅฝใๅใใใใใชใใใฉใใใใจใใใจใ่ใใใใใไบบใๅคใใใงใใญใใใใชใใจใใใใซใไธใคๆใใคใใใไธใคๅ ฅใใใฐใใใใใชใใใจใๅใฏๆใใใงใใใ ใใใใพใ ๅบใพใฃใฆใใชใใใงใใ
่ๆจใๅใๅใใงใใใๅบใพใฃใฆใใชใใ
้ ่ฆใๅใฏใพใ ไบๅนดใกใใใงใใใใใใใจๅบใงใใญใใพใ ใ
่ๆจใใใใใงใใใใๅขจๆปใใ่ชญใใงใไน ใใถใใซๅฐ่ชฌใใใใใใใจๆใใพใใใใใๅใๆใใใงใใใฉใ้ ่ฆใใใฎไฝๅใฏใคใกใผใธใใฏใฃใใใใฆใใใใใๆผซ็ปใจใๆ ็ปใซๅใใฆใใใใใใชใใงใใใ
้ ่ฆใ็ตตใซใใใใใจใฏ่จใใใพใใญใใงใใๆฆ็ ใใใใใฎใ้ใใใใชใใจๆ ็ปใซใชใใชใใงใใใใ
่ๆจใใๅขจๆปใใๆ ็ปๅใใใใไธไบบใฎไพใใซๅนๆตใใใใใใชใใใจใใๆใใใใพใใใใฉใ
้ ่ฆใๅใฏๅ จ็ถๅฟต้ ญใซใชใใฃใใใฉใใใใใ่จใใใพใใญใ
่ๆจใใใชใๅคชใๆใใใใใใใใผใณใจใใๆใใใใใใๅ ๆฐใช้ ใฎ้ปๆพคๆ็ฃ็ฃใซๆฎใฃใฆใใใใใใงใใญใ
้ ่ฆใ้ปๆพคๆ็ฃ็ฃใซใใฆใใๅใๆๆณใซ็ตถๅฏพๅฎไฝใใพใใใใญใๅใๆ ็ปใฏๅ จ็ถใคใใใชใใใใใใ็นใๅคงๅฅฝใใงใใญใใใฎใๅนดใงใใพใ ๆฐใใใใจใใใใใฎใใจใใใใใชใๅใพใใไบบ้ใ ใจๆใใพใใญใ
่ๆจใๆฅๆฌใฎๆ ็ปใงใใใ ใใฎๆ ็ปไฝๅฎถใจใใใฎใฏใใใฎๅพใใใพใใใใ
้ ่ฆใใใฃใจใใๆ่ฟใฎใฏใคใพใใชใใใงใใ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใฏใใจใณๅคใผใใคใกใณใใใใใฃใไธใงใใใใใใใใฎใใใใๅฎ้จ็ใชใใจใใใฃใฆใใใจใใใใจใง่จฑใใใใใงใใ่ฅๆใฎใจใใใๅฎ้จ็ใชใใจใฐใใใใฃใฆใๅฆใซๅคใช่ฉไพกใใใใจใใใฎใฏใกใใฃใจๆฐใซๅ ฅใใชใใงใใ(็ฌ) ่ๆจใใจใณใฟใผใใคใกใณใใใใฃใใๆผใใใไธใงใๅคใชใใจใใใฃใฆใใใจ่จใใใใงใใญใ
[3]ๆฐๆ่ฆใฎใญใผใใฒใผใ ใฃใฆๆใใ ใญ๏ผ
ๆฌใ่ชญใฟ่ฟใใฆใใใใใช้ฐๅฒๆฐใงใใ
ใๆๅใๅ่ชฌ่ชญใพใชใใงๅงใใกใใฃใใใงใๆไฝใใใใใชใใฆใๆธๆใใใใใพใใใญใ(็ฌ)็ฒพ็ฅใฌใใซใใใใจใใใปใชใใงๆฆใใฎใใใใใ ใใจใใใฎใฏใใจใงใใใใพใใใ
ใใใใใใใใฃใฆใใใใไปๅบฆใฏ่ชๅใงไฝๆฆใใใฆใใใใใใซใชใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ่ฆใใฆใใใจใใใใใใงใใใ็ฅ็ใชๆใใใใใใงใใใญใ
ใไฝใฃใไบบใๅไฝใใใชใ่ชญใฟ่พผใใงใใใฟใใใงใใญใๅใใใใๅฟใใฆใใฃใฆใปใชใใใใฃใใๅบใฆใใใใใฆใ(็ฌ)ใฒใผใ ใใใใชใใใๆฌใ่ชญใฟ่ฟใใฆใใใใใชๆใใใใใพใใใญใผใ
ใๆฟๅคช้ใ่ฑไบฌ้ขใใใชใฉใชใฉใชใฉ๏ผใใฃใฆๆปๆใใใจใใซใๆๅพใฎไธ็บใใขใใใงๆฅใใฎใใใใใงใใใ(็ฌ)ๆณใ ใใใใใฏใใใฃใคใใๆใใใใพใใญใ
ใ่ฑไบฌ้ขใฎใจใกใฉใซใในใใฉใใทใฅใฎใฐใฉใใฃใใฏใฏใใใใงใใใใใฏใผใใจๅบใฆใใใใคใใใใๅบใใจๅฌใใใใงใใใญใใใฎๅ ด้ขใ ใใใใใกใใฃใจ็ป้ขใๅคงใใใใฆใปใใใชใจๆใฃใใใใฆใใใผใณใจ็ป้ขใฎไธๅๅไฝฟใใพใใใใญใผใ(็ฌ)
ใใฎๅคใซ็บๅฃฒไบๅฎใฎใใธใงใธใงใใฎใใใชใขใใกใใใ ใใพ็ฃไฟฎไธญ๏ผใจใฆใๅบๆฅใใใใฎใงใใใฒ่ฆใฆไธใใใญ๏ผ
่ๆจๅ ็ใฎไปไบๅ ดใฏใไธ็ฐ่ฐทๅบใฎไฝๅฎ ่กใซใใ้ซ็ดใใณใทใงใณ๏ผ
ใๆตใซใปใชใใงๆปๆใใใจใโ่จ่ใ็ก่ฆใใโใฃใฆๅบใใฎใใใใใใฃใใงใใญใ(็ฌ)
ใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใใใฃใใใงใใใญใไธปไบบๅ ฌใ ใใใใชใใใใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใพใงใไผผใฆใใฆใณใฃใใใใใชใ
โใๆฐใซๅ ฅใในใฟใณใไฝฟใ
ใ(ๅณๆน)็ฉบๆกๆฟๅคช้ใๆใฎ็ฝ้ใ(ๆต)ใใกใใๅ จ้จ
โๅฅฝใใชๅฐ่ฉ
ใ่ชๅใงๆธใใใใฎใงใใใใใใกใใๅ จ้จใงใใญ(็ฌ)
โไธ่จใณใกใณใ
ใใใซใใฌใใฎ็ปๅ ดใทใผใณใฏ็ฌใใพใใใใใใใใฒใผใ ใๅงใใไบบใฏๆณจ็ฎ๏ผ
ไฝ้จใฌใใผใใฏ่ๆจๅ
็ใฎไปใซใOVAใฎ็ฃ็ฃใงใใๅไน
ไฟๅผไนใใฒใผใ ใใญใใฅใผใตใผใฎๆๅบๅนธใใใจไฝๆ
ใใใณใใผใใจๆฆๆฌ39ๆญณใฎใใใพใใใ
็ฌฌ3้จใฎๅฐ่ชฌใๆฒ่ผใใใใใธใฃใณใใใใซใ(1993ๅนด4ๆ1ๆฅๅท)ใงใฎๅฏพ่ซใ
noveloken_00 ใใฎๅทใฏใธใงใธใง็น้ๅทใงใๅฐ่ชฌไปฅๅคใซใๆ่พผใในใฟใผใใใธใงใผในใฟใผๅฎถๅไปฃใฎๆญดๅฒ(ๅนด่กจ)ใ็ฉบๆกๆฟๅคช้ๅคงๆฟ้MAP(็ฌฌไธ้จๅ้บๅฐๅณ)็ญใ่ผใฃใฆใใพใใใใใฎ่พบใฎ็ดนไปใซใคใใฆใฏใพใๅฅใฎๆฉไผใซใ
ใ็ธๆใฏ้ณ็ณใปใปใปใงใฏใชใๅคงๆงปใฑใณใๆฐใงใใ (โปๆๆ็ใซใฏ้ณ็ณๆใ็ปๅ ดใใ็ดๅ)
ใชใผใฑใณ๏ผ้ฃๅๅฝฆใฎๅฅๅฆใชไธ็ THE SHOCKING BIZARRE TALKใๅคงๆงปใฑใณใVS่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใ ไปใใซๅบใใ็ญๅฐใฎ็ฏใฎไธญใไบไบบใฎ็น็ฐใชๆ่ฝใๆใค่ ใๅบไผใฃใโโใ ไธไบบใฏ่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใใใใฆใใไธไบบใฏๅคงๆงปใฑใณใใใทใงใใญใณใฐใปใใถใผใซใปใใผใฏใไปๅงใพใใปใปใปใ
ใใฉใผใฃใฆใใใฎใฏ็ฅๆงใซ่จดใใ้จๅใจใใผใใซ่จดใใ้จๅใจไธกๆนใใใใๅใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใ
ใชใซใซใใใใฉใผใไพใใฐๅนฝ้ใชใใใงใๅใไฟกใใฆใชใใใงใใใใงใใๅฅฝใใงใใใใใชใใ
ๅคงๆงปใๅฎใฏๅใฏใใธใงใธใงใใ่ชญใใงไธ็ชๆใฃใไบใฏใใใชใใงใใใไฝใใฆใช๏ฝใใจใใๆฐใซใชใใชใจใใใไฟบใใใใญใฐ๏ฝใไฝใใใใญใฐ๏ฝใฟใใใชใๅใฏใใฅใผใธใทใฃใณใจใใใใใใณใใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฉใใๅฎใฏๆฌใๆธใใฆใใใใงใใใงใใใ้่ชใซๆธใใใงใ้ไธญใใชใใกใใชใใใจๆใฃใฆใ4ๆฅ้ไฝใใณใทใงใณใซใใใฃใฆๅท็ญใใฆใใใงใใใฉใใใ๏ฝใปใปใป๏ผๅใญใใใณใใใใฃใใใๆ ็ปใซๅบใใใใใฌใใซๅบใใใจใ่ฒใ ใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฉใใใณใใไธ็ชๆฅฝใใใใ็ฉ่ชใใไฝใใจใใใฎใฏ่พใใงใใญใ
่ๆจใใงใใญใใใฎๅฃใชใใงใใใ่พใใใฃใฆใใๅฃใ่ถใใใจๆฅฝใใใใงใใใญใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใงใใฎๆใซใกใใใฉใใธใงใธใงใใ่ชญใฟใพใใฆใใ๏ฝใใจใ
่ๆจใใงใใญใ็งใใปใใจใๆฒใใใจใใใฃใฑใใใณใใๅพใใใใพใใใ
ๅคงๆงปใๅๆใฃใใใงใใใฉใใใฃใชใฃใฆ่จใใฎใฏใญใใผใปใธใงใคใ ในใปใใฃใชใงใใธใงใธใงใฏใใฒใใใใใฏใใซๅบใฆใใใธใงใธใงใงใใใญใ
่ๆจใใใใงใใใใฃใฑใใใพใใใใใใไฝใใญใใญใใฏใจใใใใใใฉใผ็ใชใใฎใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใๅญไพใฎๆใใใใใใจๆฅใพใใฆใๅใฏ70ๅนดไปฃไฝใใ่ใๅงใใใใงใใใฉใๆใฏใธใฃใฑใใใฃใฆใใฎๆฒใฎใขใผใใฃในใใๆฎใฃใฆใใใงใใใญใใจใใใใ70ๅนดไปฃใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใๆฅใซๆช้ญ็ใชใใฎใใธใฃใฑใใใซๆผใๅบใใใงใใใใใผใฏใปใใฉใณใจใใใญใณใฐใปใฏใชใ ใพใณใจใใญใใฟใคใใซใใๅฐ็ใฎใใคใฆใงใคใใจใใๆช้ญใฎ้ ญ่ณ้ธๆใใจใใใใใใใฎใใใฃใฆใไฝใงใ็ฅใใชใใใฉใๆฌ่ฝ็ใซใใทใใทใใฃใฆใใกใใฃใฆใ้ณๆฅฝใใใใธใฃใฑใใใง่ฒทใฃใใจ่จใๆนใใใใใใใชใใใจใใใ
ๅคงๆงปใๅใใใใงใใญใใธใฃใฑใใใง่ฒทใฃใฆใพใใใ
่ๆจใใฏใซใฎ้ญ ๅใจใใใใๆช้ญใฎ้ญ ๅใฟใใใชใญใใใใใใฎใใๅใใใพใใใญใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใธใงใธใงใใงใฏใใฉใฃใกใซ่ฉๅ ฅใใใฆใใใฆใใใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใใใฃใฑๆชใฎๅด๏ผ
่ๆจใใใใไธๅฟๅ จๅกใซๆใๅ ฅใใใฆๆธใใใงใใใฉใๆชใฎๆนใๆฅฝใใๆใใใใพใใญใไฝใ่ชๅใๅคๆ ใฟใใใซๆใใใใจๅฐใใใงใใใฉใใ็ฐๅธธๆงใจใใ่ฟฝๆฑใใใใใใใงใใใๆฎบไบบ้ฌผใจใใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใๅใฎๆนใซๅใ่ฃใใธใฃใใฏใๅบใฆใใพใใใญใ
่ๆจใใใใๅบใฆใใพใใใใฉใปใปใปใใใใกใใฃใจ็พไปฃใตใคใณใใฉใผ็ใชใใใใใ็ฐๅธธๅฟ็ใๆธใใใใใงใใใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใใใฐใๅปๅนดใใใใฏๅใฏใใใช๏ฝใฃใฆ่จใๅใไบไปถใใใใใพใใฆใปใปใปใไปๆใ็ฅ็ฅทๅธซใใๆช้ใใคใใใจใใใไบบใใๆใใ ใจใ่จใฃใฆใใใซใใซๅฉใใฆใๆฎบใใกใใฃใไบไปถใชใใงใใใ
่ๆจใ็ฅใฃใฆใพใใใใฆใพใใใญใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใใใฎใๅใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใใญใๅนฝ้ใจใใชใซใซใใจใใใใใใใใฎใๅใไฟกใใฆใใชใใใงใใใใใใปใจใใฉไฟกใใฆใใชใใใ ใใฉๅฅฝใใงใใใใใชใใ
่ๆจใไธๅฟใใใธใงใธใงใใชใใใงใฏใชใซใซใใฉใฃใทใใงใฏใชใใๅข็ฎใฟใใใชๆใซใใใใใซๅฟใใใฆใฆใๅฎ็งใซใใฃใกใฎไธ็ใซใฏใใใชใใใใซใใฆใใใงใใใฉใญใใใจใใฐใใใฎใใขใฎๅใใใซ่ชฐใใใใฎใใชใจใใใใใใๆใใ่ฟฝๆฑใใใใใชๆใงใใใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใฎใใขใฎๅพใใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจใใใใ็ชใใใซใผใใณใใใฉใใจๅใใใใใใจๆใใใใชใใงใใใใใใใๆใใงใใญใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใใ้ทไปใใใใ(็ฌ) ใใจใใฐใๅใใใใซไฝใใใใใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใผใณใจ้ใใใใ้ทใใใใใฆใใฆใช๏ฝใใจใใ(ไธๅๅคง็ฌ) ่ๆจใใงใใใใใใๆๅคๆงใฃใฆใใ็ฉ่ชใใไฝใไธใงๅฟ ่ฆใงใใใญใ
ใ็ฉ่ชใใฏ่กใใใใใฐใฃใใใซ่ใใฆใพใใๆใๆใใฏใฉใคใ็ใจใๆฅ่จ็ใชใใงใใใ
ไนใฃใฆใใใใใฎใ็ก้ง็ก้ง็ก้งใใจใๅใใชใใๆธใใฆใพใใ๏ผ
ๅคงๆงปใๅใฏๅฎๅฎไบบใจใไฟกใใฆใใชใใฃใใใงใใใใใๆใๅๅฑฑๅฎๅ ็ใฎๆฌใ่ชญใใงใฌ๏ฝใณใใจใใพใใฆใญใใใไปฅๆฅใๅใUFOใชใฟใฏใชใใงใใใ
่ๆจใใใฎๅ็ใใใฏใชใใใชใใ็ซๆ่กจ้ขใฎใใฉใใใใฎๅ็ใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใใใใญใใงใใใใใ็ฌใฃใกใใใพใใใ
่ๆจใใใชใใฏใชใใงใใ๏ผ
ๅคงๆงปใใใชใใฏใจใใใใๅฟ้ๅ็ใจใใฃใใใงใไฝใใใใฏใใฃใฏใใฃใใๅฒฉใใใ ้กใซ่ฆใใใฃใฆใใใฎใใใใใใชใใงใใใKใใใฆใใ่ช็งฐ็งๅญฆใธใฃใผใใชในใใใใใใงใใใฉใใใฎไบบใใๅฎใฏๆใฏUFOใฎ็งๅฏๅบๅฐใ ใฃใใจ่จใฃใฆใๆใฎๅ็ใใใฃใฑใๅบใใฆใใฏใฌใผใฟใผใจใใฎไธใใๅญใใชใใฃใฆใใใใซUFOใไฝๆฉ็ฝฎใใฆใใใจใใใใใซ็งๅฏๅบๅฐใใใใจใใ็ตตใซใใใใงใใใใใใใใใใใ่ฆใใชใใใชใใใฉใๅฒฉใฎๅ็ใจใใ้ ใใใใฎใใใใใใใใใชใๅ็ใงใใใใซไบบใฎ้กใใใใใชใใจๆใใฐใใๆใใกใใใใใชใใงใใใใใใใๆใใงใใใใใใฃใฆใ
่ๆจใใใฐใใงใใใญใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใใใใฉใใคใข็ใชใจใใใใ้ไธญใใพใใฃใกใใฃใฆใใใฎไธ็ใซๅฎๅ จใซๅ ฅใฃใกใใฃใฆใไฝใใใ้ธ่ฑใใกใใฃใฆใใจ่จใใฎใใชใใใใใไบบใฃใฆใใใใใชใใงใใใ็นใซไฝๅฎถใฎๆนใฃใฆใใ ใใใๅฎใฏๅใฏใไผใใใใพใงใฏ่ๆจใใใใใใใๆนใ ใฃใใใฉใใใใใใจใใกใใฃใจๆใใฃใใใงใใใฉใใ
่ๆจใใๆๅพ ใซๆทปใใพใใใงใ(็ฌ)
ๅคงๆงปใใใใใใใใใใๅฎๅฟใใพใใใไฝใใใใใชใใใใใใใฃใชใๆฅใฆใญใใจใ่จใๅบใใใใใใใใฉใใใใใใจใใงใใใใใใใชใใงใใใไพใใฐใๅใซใขใใกๅใใใใใๅนปโโโใใๆธใใใHใใใใใฎๆนใใฉใใฉใใใใ๏ฝใฃใฆใใฃใกใใไบบใงใใใใใใงใใใ
่ๆจใๅฎ้ใฎไบบใใงใใใ
ๅคงๆงปใHใใใฏใใฆโโใฌใคใใฃใฆไฝๅใๆธใใฆใใฃใใใฃใฆใๅใๅคงๅฅฝใใชใใงใใใฉใใใฎไฝๅใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌใใฉใใใงๅฎๅจใใใใใชๆฐใใใฃใจใใฆใใใ ใใใงใใใใงใไฝใจใใๆฅใๅฎถใซใใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌใ ใจๅไนใไบบ้ใๆฅใกใใฃใใใงใใฃใฆใใจใฆใ็ฌโโใจใฏๆใใชใๆฎ้ใฎใใใใใ ใฃใใใใใใงใใใฉใใใใงHใใใฏใๆๅใฏใใใคใฏใใ ใฎใใฉใใคใขใ ใใใจๆใฃใฆใใงใๆใใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใงใใฃใฆใปใปใปใใงใใHใใใฏ่ฉฑใใฆใใใกใซใใใคใฏๆฌ็ฉใ ใจๆใฃใกใใฃใใใงใใญใใใใงๆใในใไบใซใใใ้่ชใง็ทจ้่ ็ซไผใใฎไธใๅฏพ่ซใใฆใใใงใใ(็ฌ)
่ๆจใใใใไปใพใงใฏใใฎใปใปใปใใฌใใทใผใฟใใใชใใฎใใใฎไบบใใๅใใฆๆธใใฆใใใจใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใใใใงๅใใใฎ่ฉฑใUFO็ ็ฉถๅฎถใฎ็ฅไบบใซ่ฉฑใใใใงใใใใใใใใใใฎSใใใฆใใๆนใใใใใใๅใๅฎใฏHใใใฎใใฌใผใณใจใใฆ่ถ ่ฝๅใจใใฎ่ณๆ้ใใใใฆใใใใ ใใใจใ่จใๅบใใพใใฆใใใ ใใใๅใใใฎ็ฌโโใใใซไผใใพใใใใ่ฆใฆไธใใใใตใคใณใใใใฃใใใงใใใใจใ(็ฌ)่ฆใใฆใใใฃใใ็ขบใใซใ็ฌโโใใจใตใคใณใซๆธใใฆใใใใงใใใใฉใใใพใ๏ผใใใๆฅ่ๆจใใใฎใๅฎ ใซใธใงใธใงใ่จชใญใฆใใใ๏ผ
่ๆจใไปใฎ่ฉฑใใใใใชใขใชใใฃใใใใพใใญใ
ๅคงๆงปใ่ๆจใใใใใใฏใใจใใใกใใฃใจใงใใใใธใงใธใงใ่จชใญใฆใใใพใงใ
่ๆจใใงใใ็ฌโโใฏๅใๅฅฝใใ ใใใๅฎ้ใซใใใใใชๆใใฏใใพใใใญใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใใใตใใซใชใฃใฆใใกใใใใงใใใใญใใใจใๅใใฎใใปใปใปใ
[ใใใใใฏไฝใใซใ้ๆฟใชใใใๆฒ่ผใงใใพใใใใใใใใใ]
ๅคงๆงปใใงใใๅใไฝๅนดใใ็ฉ่ชใใไฝใฃใฆๆฐๅนดๅพใซ็ตใใใใๆใซไธปไบบๅ ฌใ่จชใญใฆใใใจใ่จใไบบใซใชใฃใฆใใใ็ฅใใชใใงใใญใ
่ๆจใใงใใ็งใฎๆใซใใใฉใใใฆๆณข็ดใฃใฆ็ฅใฃใฆใใใงใใใจ่จใไบบใๆฅใพใใใ็งใใใฃใฆใใใใ ใฃใฆใ
ๅคงๆงปใใป๏ฝใใใใจๆฐๅนดๅพใใธใงใธใงใ่จชใญใฆใใพใใใ
่ๆจใใใฎๆใฏ็ดนไปใใพใใใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใธใงใธใงใใฏใขใใกๅใจใใใฎใฏ๏ผ
่ๆจใไปใใฃใฆใพใใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใๅงใพใฃใฆใใใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจใใใใชใงใใใใฉใใใฎใทใใชใชใฎๅบๆฅใใใใใงใใใไฝใๅ่ช่บซใๆธใใ่จณใใใชใใใ ใใฉใ่ชๅใๆธใใใใใชใปใปใปใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใใใฏ่ฆใฆใฟใใใ
่ๆจใ้ข็ฝใใงใใใใฌใณใฌใณๆฅใ่ฉฑใซใชใฃใฆใฆใ
ๅคงๆงปใๅฃฐใฎๅฐ่ฑกใจใใฏใฉใใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจใใใใใใฎใฏๅ จ็ถๆฐใซใใชใใงใใ็ทใๅฅณใฎๅฃฐใใฆใใใกใใฃใจใใใงใใใฉใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใใฏใพใใใงใใใญใ
่ๆจใใใจใใธใงใธใงใใใซใใณไธไธใใฎๅฃฐใใฆใใจใใใใตใถใจใใใใฎๅฃฐใใฆใใจใใ
ๅคงๆงปใใงใใใใใใใใชใใใใใใใใชใใใใฃใชใใในใชใใใฎใใฎๅฃฐใงใ็ก้ง็ก้ง็ก้งใผใใใจใใ
่ๆจใใใใฉใใใใใฎๅฃฐใจใใปใปใปใ
ๅคงๆงปใใงใใใใใใๆๅคใชใญใฃในใใฃใณใฐใจใใใฎใใปใปใปใ
่ๆจใใใใใฉใใใใฏใซใซใไฝๅใซใชใฃใกใใใใ
ๅคงๆงปใไพใใฐใใตใถใจใใใใงๆณขๅนณใฎๅฃฐใใใซใใณไธไธใใฎๅฃฐใ ใฃใใใใ่จณใงใใใใใใฏ่ฆใฆใฟใใใชใใ
่ๆจใใใจใใฎใพใญใฎไบบใซใใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใใงใใญใ
ๅคงๆงปใใใฃใใใใไผผใฆใไบบใใใใใงใใใๅบๅทๅคชไธ้ใฎใพใญใใใไบบใงใใปใใจใไพใใฐใใซใใณใฎๅฃฐใๅบๅทๅคชไธ้ใ ใฃใใใใใใใใใใใใพใใซๆฅๅธธใฎไธญใฎ็ฐๅธธใงใใใไฝใใใใไพใใฐใใใๆฅใใฌใใใคใใใใใซใใณไธไธใฎๅฃฐใๅ จ็ถ้ใ๏ผ
่ๆจใใใใงใใญใใ
ๅคงๆงปใๆไธๅพนใฎๅฃฐใ ใฃใใใใใๆฐ็ตถใใพใใใไธๅไบบใใใฌใใฎๅใงใ
่ๆจใ้ป่ฉฑใๆฎบๅฐใใใงใใใใญใใ
ๅคงๆงปใใตใถใจใใใฎๅคงๅฑฑใฎใถไปฃใ่ฆใใใชใๅใใใคใใใใใใ็ฉ่ชใใๆธใใใใชใใจๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฉใญใ
่ๆจใๆธใใใจๆใใพใใใ
โใงใฏใๆๅพใซใไบไบบใใ่ชญ่ ใธใฎใณใกใณใใใปใปใปใ
ๅคงๆงปใ4ๆใซใUFOใจๆไบบใใจใใใขใซใใ ใๅบใใใงใใใใพใใฒใจใคใใใใฐ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใ ใใใใปใปใปใใใใฆๅใฏ็ๅฃใซใใใจๅๅนดไบๅๅนดใใใฃใฆใใใใใใ็ฉ่ชใใไฝใใใใจใใงใใใฃใฑใๅฐ่ชฌใๆ ็ปใจใใใๆๆฎตใซใชใใใ ใใใชใใ
่ๆจใใใใงใใญใๆไธฆใฟใงใใใฉใ้ ๅผตใใพใใใชใใใธใงใธใงใใใขใใกใฎไปใซใใใกใใณใณใๅฐ่ชฌใซใชใฃใฆใพใใใฉใใใฎใฉใใซใๆฌๅฎถใฎใใณใฌใ่ฒ ใใชใใใใซๆธใใฆใใใคใใใงใใ โๆฌๆฅใฏใฉใใใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ (ๆธ่ฐทใใฟใณใใฉใใซใฆ)
่ๆจๅ ็ใใใฎใใถใผใซใใผใฏๅพ่จ!! ใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใใฆใฏๆฎ้ใฎไบบใใใใจใใผใใผใใใใ ใฃใฆใญใใซใผใฎใใใซใพใใใชไบบใฎใใใซ ๅฏพ่ซใฏไธ็จฎใฎ้ใใ ใชใจๆใฃใ
่ชญ่ ใใฌใผใณใใฏใคใฉในใๅ ฅใใตใคใณ่ฒ็ด๏ผ
[5]Part 4's Theme:
Why did I decide to set Part 4's story in 1999, the near future? (Note: JoJo 6251 was released in 1993.) Well, it's suppose to continue after Part 3, and I figured "1999" could add some type of "turn of the century" feel to it. I was also originally thinking of depicting a world after death, but didn't think anybody could relate to it.
One of the themes of Part 4 is "describing the city, creates the city." In part 3, I came up with the idea of using a neighborhood middle aged woman selling cigarettes who attacks Jotaro and his friends. The problem was that Part 3 was a worldwide trip, so while Jotaro had to move on from the suburban setting, I couldn't. I thought, if the adventure were to happen in just one city, I could take advantage of the concept of several people you'd meet around town suddenly threatening you and lurking about. I thought, maybe I could set a hospital as a battle stage, or involve someone like a mayor in the story. I figured this would enable me to take anything people are familiar with in everyday life and do something creative with it.
Names:
As you already know, most of my character's names are named after foreign musicians. Why do I do this? Well, it makes it easy for me to name characters and easy for readers to remember them. Yep, that's it (laugh), I don't bother coming up with original names. What's worse is that the names I give can sometimes cause confusion; "Kakyoin" for example, is the name of a place that exists in Sendai, my hometown. Part 4's another story though, as I had to come up with so many Japanese names. That was tough! From the very beginning, I had already decided on the name Josuke (Also read as JoJo), but deciding the family name gave me a hard time. (ๆฑๆน Jojo of the east side) By the way, for Kujo, I looked into the dictionary and found ku meant sky and figured that sounded nice. For Okuyasu Nijimura, I used Niji which meant rainbow and chose "Nijimura" specifically cause it had a nicer ring to it than Nijioka or Nijiki. (Note: mura ๆ means village, oku ๅ means one hundred million. His big bro, Keicho's cho ๅ
means trillion) I combine my favorite kanjis with sound taken into consideration, whether it it's easier to say or not. Though I'm having trouble thinking of any other JoJo puns, so I were to start Part 5, I'd probably have a hard time. (The result ended up having every character named after Italian food.)
Jotaro's School Outfit:
I decided Jotaro must be in a school uniform due to influence from "Babiru the second," a famous manga of a boy in a gakuran having an adventure in a desert. I've always thought how cool it was to have an adventure in a school uniform. This idea boggled me. It permeated a sense of "a man's spirit of romantic adventure," and "beauty" that could only be found from a boy having an adventure in a school uniform in a desert.
Wanting a sequel to previous works.:
People sometimes ask, "Why don't you draw sequels to Baoh or BT? Well, they're already done in my mind. Similarly, I always get letters asking me to revive Kakyoin, or bring back Polnareff for Part 5. I don't think I will though, since characters with similar natures are already present in Part 4. (Note: He did end up bringing back Polnareff, though in another interview he mentions adding him in was a last minute choice.) Even though I say this, you'll likely ask, "then why did Jotaro and Joseph show up in Part 4, weren't they done too?" Well, they have the advantage of being related to Josuke. Bloodline is important. Really, I don't have anything lingering whatsoever for Part 1-3, my previous works. Although, I'm more of a "forgetting" than "moving-on" type of person (laugh). My works resemble a diary in that I don't put too much thought into what I had previously written, but more so into drawing what I'm feeling NOW. Now is what matters most.
ใดใดใด:
You encounter ใดใดใด alot in my works. This sound effect is kinda the "groove, "tempo", or "rhythm" I feel when drawing. The atmosphere of the scene is what decides when I put this sfx. Like when I'm drawing a scene where a "DOOON" (ใใผใณ๏ผ) appears, here comes ใดใดใด to add a more ominous, something-is-happening touch! For Dio's MUDAMUDAMUDA, I add it to give feeling to his shouting. My way of adding SFX's and choosing lines is similar to making music in a way.
How Araki works on Weekly JoJo:
First, I draw the "name" on report paper, which takes about 12 hours. (Name is Japanese, it refers to the draft storyboard.) Then I have a meeting with my editor, and after I begin drawing more elaborate sketches and eventually inking. I never start on the next page until I completely finish the one I'm working on; I work strictly on a one-page-basis. This system allows for my assistants to work on each page more efficiently. I finish the names and begin dividing them into frames on Sunday. Work begins on Monday, where we work from 11 in the morning to 12, though we do take a siesta for lunch from 3 to 4. On Tuesday and Wednesday we work as we do on Monday, and I make sure it's all finished by 6pm on Wednesday. For the rest of the time on Wednesday, I deal with determining the plot for the next chapter. On Friday and Saturday, I sit back and relax, draw illustrations, go somewhere to interview people, look for ideas or info for my works. I'm not really good at research though (laugh), or talking to people I first meet. I remember my stomach being filled with butterflies when I tried talking to the people who take care of the animals at the zoo. Either way, I'm quite strict when it comes to my schedule, and I deal with my work quite squarely. Otherwise, if we get too lazy, we never actually get any work done. During daytime, I have to give instructions to my assistants, which often stops our work, so ironically the time when I get the most work done is when my assistants go home.
At times I'm on a roll when it comes to coming up with ideas, and other times, it's hard for me to come up with anything. So whenever I am on a roll, when the ideas start cascading, I take advantage of that moment to try to write down everything for later use. I've never experienced a "slump" (the time a mangaka cannot draw anything, and gets nowhere), but there are times where I don't FEEL like doing anything. Everyone feels like that at some point, right? I always have so much work that if you ask me it it's tough, I'd say it very much is.
Characters:
If you ask me who my favorite is, It'd definitely be Josuke. Definitely Josuke...and Jotaro, and Dio, N'Doul, D'Arby. I love characters that have their own aesthetics. Characters I hate are ones I really tried to make look disgusting, unpleasent e.g Vanilla Ice. I gradually felt sick while drawing them.
Which type of character is easier for me to draw, good guys or bad guys? I can't say which is easier, because good/bad are like heads and tails, they're two sides of a coin and there is a really fine line between the two. Good characters tend to be bound by rules, but it's fun to work with them because at a certain times they begin to have a weird eccentricity. Depicting good characters is fun, but I guess depicting bad ones can be more fun since I can make them do anything (illegal) or destroy everything.
My Childhood:
I began drawing by imitating Shirato Sanpei's "Watari" or Chiba Tetsuya's "Harisu no Kaze" when I was 5 or 6. It seems so long ago, back when you could watch "Ultraman" on TV. I also made original stories, like muscle men fighting villains. I loved period plays (Stories that take place in Feudal Japan). There were so many manga titles I loved back then...sports comics, ghost related, I even bought the very first issue of Jump! Among all those mangakas, the one who moved me most is Yokoyama Mitsuteru (Babiru the second). I read his comics until they were worn out.
I was quite a normal child, but I was much more cool-headed than others. I was like that kid calmly looking at others raising hell. My hobbies were manga or movies. I didn't show any interest toward plastic models or radio-controlled model cars. I was such a pushover for "Spaghetti Western movies" and "Clint Eastwood." My dad loved them too.
I commented "My parents don't understand my manga" on the cover of a comic before. They still don't understand, which is puzzling to me because I draw manga with respect to Eastwood, whom my Dad loves. Why the heck can't they get to like my work? What is at the very core of my works is same as Eastwood's. Maybe the JoJo anime will help them get interested.
Other than Eastwood's, I loved the Godzilla series, or panic-filled movies. I couldn't see movies so often with the small amount of allowance I had, though.
Sports? I practiced Kendo. Group sports such as basketball or soccer were not my thing. I joined the baseball team once, but when I failed to catch, pitch or hit, everyone stared at me. I didn't like that part of group sports. Like it's ok for me run alone, but I could not do relay races; I didn't want the responsibility. I couldn't work as a team. (laugh) What I did I love was magic tricks and playing cards, I even bought a How-to book and practiced them.
I've always loved Rock 'N Roll. From the late 1960's I began to listen to "Chicago," and "Led Zeppelin." In the 80's, "Prince," which is actually what I was listening to when I was drawing the cover for JoJo 6251. Foreign music with an ancient time's atmosphere and a baroque feel stir up my imagination. I couldn't afford expensive records back then so I listened to music from the radio. I recorded songs with a gigantic cassette deck my parents bought for my studies in English. I remember trying to stay perfectly still so I'd be quiet while recording (laugh). I didn't listen to Japanese songs at all at the time, and I still don't.
I had really wanted to become a mangaka since I was very little, but I tried to keep it a secret. Once I was asked, "What do you want to be in the future?" and I replied, "mangaka." The one who asked said "Good luck," though I could from their eyes that they were really saying, "You can't become a mangaka!" So I ended up not telling anybody, not even my parents. I didn't even work on any kind of "doujinshi" either.
At some point, I began to think that I should immerse myself into the world of my stories and illustrations, so I started studying at a designer school. At the time, I had drawn two western manga, which I entered for a manga competition sponsored by Shonen Jump. I used to like Shonen Magazine too, but from the 1980's they started to focus on love-comedy. I hated that type of thing, so I didn't enter any contests Shonen Magazine sponsored. Despite entering the competitions with my "masterpieces" I never did receive any calls. I wondered why, so I went to the Shueisha HQ in Tokyo to ask their opinions on it directly. The one editor I showed it to, before even reading it, pointed out that I forgot to erase the black lines. He boggled my mind (laugh), but I learned a lesson that day. Back home, I began improving on my story, after 4 months I finished 30 pages worth. This work was called Poker Under Arms and it is what I made my debut with.
Fashion-conscious:
I am interested in fashion. I take Italian fashion into account when deciding what my characters wear. Versace and Moschino's clothes are so loud and gorgeous, they make my illustrations beautiful. However, they do have their weaknesses. I get bored with them if I draw them for too long (laugh). Similar to how certain clothes go out of fashion througout the years. I used to check out Japanese fashion books, but they are something different; they seem out of date.
Stands:
My doubt over supernatural powers helped me come up with Stands. I doubt such powers like, "Just think hard enough and things will begin to move." I don't see anything? How can you say your "willpower" moved things? I wanted something visible that could explain these powers. For example, if a person is in the dark and something moves, you can't really see what's happening. But, if something visible pops out from the person and actually touches things and moves them, then you'd say, "Oh, I see!" Stands are proof of those superpowers, basically my way of explaining how these invisible powers work. Well, they're kind of like "pseudo" proof, but they still work as an explanation (laugh).
I called it a "stand" after "light stands," the type that sit beside your bed in a "looming" manner when you read. With stands, I thought I could describe loads of things. "What a good idea", I thought. In part 3, I connected stands with tarot cards cause I wanted each stand to be unique. I thought 22 would be enough, but I ended up running short (lol). The stand's designs were insprised by Yokai's and eerie folkcrafts. I first decided the abiity, and then the appearance with which readers can associate with the ability. What I love about stands is that I can express psychological warfare. The Stand's physical powers are not what matters most. e.g. A stand with no physical power but with the the ability to make enemies tell lies can still be very formidable (Which ended up being the basis for Talking Head.)
Miscellaneous:
"Cool Shock BT." My First serialization. I worked on it in Sendai, my hometown. It was around the time the delivery service was first established, so I would send copies of rough sketches through that and talk with my editors by phone, jsut like Kishibe Rohan (laugh). My editor back then was so severe. After I had sent all of my work, he'd end up calling me to Sheuisha in Tokyo anyways. I had to use an ashtray as a palette to practice and had to sleep on the train the next morning. That trained me as a mangaka; my editor is a man I respect as a severe teacher and also a god. He was the one that decided that Dio should be in Egypt since he loved Egypt and was very knowledgeable of it. (He was the one who tried hard to get BT serialized in Jump, when other eidtors were against it.)
"Baoh." I was thinking about Baoh when I drew BT during it's Jump serialization. By "the visitor," I meant "Strike Back." Back then, everyone was talking about Biotech, so I named Baoh after Biotech. I also wanted to pursue physical power.
"Gorgeous Irene." I came up with Irene's plot while pursuing physical power. I named her "Irene", which sounded cute. I started to draw Irene to see If I could actually draw girls. The result: I realized I couldn't draw girls. That's why you generally don't see that many girls in JoJo. Recently though, I've been incorporating more and more girls, and now I think I can draw them.
Starting JoJo:
1994-2001
ใคใณใฟใใฅใผ่จไบโฅ-ใฆใชใคใซ 97ๅนด4ๆๅท- ใชใขใซ่ฑๅบใฒใผใ ใซใใใใฆไปฅๆฅๆพ็ฝฎใใฆใใใใญใฐใใใพใใใงๆดๆฐใ ๆฐใฅใใใ๏ผ๏ผไธใขใฏใปใน่ถ ใใฆใพใใใ ใฆใชใคใซ1997ๅนด4ๆๅทใฎใ็น้ J-ใณใใใฏ'97 ใใณใฌๅฎถใ่ชใใใณใฌใฎ็พๅจใใใใ ใใฎไผ็ปใงใฏใ่ๆจๅ ็ใฎไปใซๆฅณๅณใใใใๅ็ฐๆฆ่ปใไผ่คๆฝคไบใๅฎ้ใขใจใณใ15ไบบใฎๆผซ็ปๅฎถใฎใคใณใฟใใฅใผใปๅฏพ่ซใๆฒ่ผใใใฆใใพใใ ่ๆจๅ ็ใฎใคใณใฟใใฅใขใผใฏ็ฒพ็ฅ็งๅปใฎๆ่ค็ฐๆฐใ ้ฒๅใใใใธใงใธใงใ โโใ็งใฏๆฌๆฅญใฏ็ฒพ็ฅ็งๅปใชใใงใใใ็ฒพ็ฅ็ ็็ใช่ฆ็นใใ่ชใใใๆผซ็ปใฏใใใจใดใกใณใฒใชใชใณใใๅ็ฐๆฆ่ปใชใฉใ็ญ้ ญใซ่ฟๅนดใใใธใๅคใใฎใงใใใใใซๅฏพใใฆ่ๆจใใใฎไฝๅใฏไธ็จฎใ้ๅฐใชๅฅๅบทใใใ็นๅพดใจ่จใใใฎใงใฏใชใใใใตใคใๅฅๅ จใชใณใใใฏใจใใใฎใฏใไบบ็็กๅฎณใฎใคใพใใชใใใฎใจ็ธๅ ดใๆฑบใพใฃใฆใใใฎใซใ่ๆจใใใฎใใฎใฏๅฅๅ จๆงใจๅไบบ็ใช่กจ็พ่กๅใไปใซไพใ่ฆใชใใใฉใณในใ็ถญๆใใฆใใใใใซๆใใพใใไปๅใฏ่ๆจใใกใณใฎไธไบบใจใใฆใใใฎใใใใฎ่ฌใซ่ฟซใใใใจ่ใใฆใใพใใใพใใใใฏๅพใฎใๆฅฝใใฟใจใใใใจใงใใพใใฏใใใฅใผๅฝๆใฎใ่ฉฑใใ่ใใใใ ใใใ ่ๆจใๅบ่บซใฏไปๅฐใงใใไบใๆญณใฎ้ ใซใใใฅใผใใพใใใใ้ญๅฐๅนดใใผใใฃใผใใจใใ้ฃ่ผใไปๅฐใงๆใใฆใใฆใๆฌกใฎใใใชใผๆฅ่จช่ ใใฎๆใไธไนๅ ซๅๅนดใฎใญในใขใณใผใซในใชใชใณใใใฏใฎๆใซไธไบฌใใพใใใใธใฃใณใใฎใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใ(ไปฅไธใใธใงใธใงใ)ใฏไธไนๅ ซไธๅนดใใ้ฃ่ผใใฏใใพใฃใใใงใใ โโใใใใฅใผใใใฆไธๅ ญๅนดใใใจใใฏใใธใงใธใงใไธใๅจๅนดใจใใใใจใซใชใใพใใไปฃ่กจไฝใงใใใใธใงใธใงใใตใผใฌใฏๅไธใฎไฝๅใจใใใใใฏใใใใใชใใฎใ่ฉฐใ่พผใใใใฎ็ฉ่ช่ฃ ็ฝฎใจใใใใไธไปฃใใจใซๅใ็ถใใใฆๅฅใฎไฝๅใซใชใฃใฆใใใพใใญใ็พๅจใฎ็ฌฌไบ้จใซ่ณใฃใฆใฏใใทใชใผใบใงๅ ฑ้ใใ็ปๅ ดไบบ็ฉใฏๅบ็ฌๅบทไธใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใ่ชญ่ ใๆฐใซๅ ฅใใชใใใฐใใใคใงใใใใชใใใฐใใใชใใจใใๅฎฟๅฝใใใใพใใฆใใใใงใใไธ้จใใใใพใงใฏใใ็จๅบฆใใผใใฟใใใชใใฎใใใฃใฆใ็พไปฃใพใงๆฅใใใจใไธปไบบๅ ฌใใใใใฏใใพใใชใใฃใใใจใชใใงใใใๅคใใฆใใใใจใใใใใใใจใใใผใใใซใฏ่ใใฆใใใใงใใใญใ โโใ็ฉ่ชใใใธใงใธใงใใจใใ่ก็ญ๏ผๅบๆๅใฎ้ฃ้ใง็นใใฃใฆใใๅฝขๅผใฏใ้ๅธธใซๆฐ้ฎฎใงใใใ็ฌฌไบ้จใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌใใธใงใซใใปใธใงใใกใผใใใใใใธใงใธใงใไธๆใฎๅฎฟๆตใใใฃใชใใฎๆฏๅญใงใใใจใใ่จญๅฎใฎใใใซใ่ก็ญใฎๆตใใฎไธญใงใๆตๅณๆนใๆธพ็ถใจใใฆใพใใญใ ่ๆจใไบบ้ใจใใใฎใฏ่ฏใไบบใงใๆชใไบบใงใ่ชใใ่ณ็พใใใใ่ชญ่ ใซๅ ๆฐใไธใใใใใใใใใใผใใใๅงใพใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใใใใจ่กใจใใ็ใๆนใจใใ้่ฆใซใชใฃใฆใใใไธปไบบๅ ฌใๆใๆใซๅฟ ใใ่ฆชใฎไปฃใจใใใฉใใใๅข้ใง่ฒใฃใฆใใฆใใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌใไปใใใใใกใงๅญๅจใใฆใใใฎใใจใใใใจใ็ขบ็ซใใๅบใใฆใใใใงใใใใใใใใจใใใใใใฃใฆใใใใจๆใฃใใใงใใ โโใๆๅใฎ่จญๅฎใจใใฆใฏใ ใใใไธไปฃ็ฎใพใงใใคใพใใ็ฉบๆกๆฟๅคช้ใใพใงใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใฎ่พบใฏ็ตๆงในใใผใชใผใฎ้ฒ่กใๆฅใใงใใใใงใใใญใไธ้จใพใงใใใใจใฏใใใใใฃใฆใใใใใใ ใใฉใไธ้จใฏๆๅพใ ใฃใใใใใใง็ตใใใชใฎใใชใฟใใใชๆใใงใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใฉใปใปใปใปใปใปใๆใใใจใใฌใณใฌใณๅบใฆใใใจใใใใปใปใปใปใปใปใ โโใ่ๆจใใใซใฏใใใพใในใฉใณใใฃใฆใชใใใใใชใใงใใใ ่ๆจใไบบใซใใฃใฆ้ใใจๆใใพใใใๅใฏๅฒๅใซๆณขใ็ญใใใงใใญใ โโใๆผซ็ปๅฎถใจใใใจ็ท ใๅใๅใซใใชใณใฏๅคใใฌใณใฌใณ้ฃฒใใงๅพนๅคใใฆใใฟใใใชใคใกใผใธใใใใใงใใใใฉใ่ๆจใใใฏๅฒใจใฏใผใซใซๆผ้ใซไปไบๆ้ใๆฑบใใฆใๆทกใ ใจ่ทไบบ็ใซใใชใใฆใๆใใใใพใใ ่ๆจใใใใฉใใงใใญใใใฎ้ใใงใใ โโใไปฅๅใคใณใฟใดใฅใผใง่ฉฑใใใฆใพใใใญ(JoJo6251ใ่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใฎไธ็ใๆๅ)ใๆฅๆๆฅใซๆงๆณใ็ทดใฃใฆใๆ็ซๆฐดใจใใใฆๆใใฆ้ๅใๅๆใใใใไธใๅนด็ถใใฆใใใใใงใใชใใใคใใณใใชใซใชใใชใใจใใใฎใใใใไธๆ่ญฐใชใใงใใใใพใ ใซ็ตตๆใพใง้ฒๅใ็ถใใใจใใใใจใใใฉใใใฆๅฏ่ฝใชใใงใใใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใๅคๅใๅ็ใใใชใใงใใใใใ่ชญใฟ่ฟใใๆใซใกใใฃใจ้ใใชใจใใไปใฎไฝๅฎถใใใฎๆนใใใใชใใจใใใใใใใจใใใฏใใใฎ็นใใกใใฃใจๅคใใฆใใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใใ็นใซๆๅณใฏใใฆใชใใใงใใใ โโใ่ๆจใใใงใไปใฎไฝๅฎถใฎ็ตตๆใใใใจใใ็พจใพใใใจใใใใใงใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใใใพใใญใใงใใใใฏใปใใใฃใใใใฆใใชใใชใ่ชๅใฎๆใ้ใใซใฏใใใชใใใงใใใใฉใ โโใใฏใปใจใใใๅๆงใๅผท็ใงใใใญใ้ข็ฝใใฎใฏ่ๆจใใใฎไบๆตใฃใฆใใใพใ่ฆใใใพใใใใญใใใจใใฐใฒใจใใๅคงๅๅ ๆดใฎไบๆตใฃใฆใใฃใฑใๅบใพใใใใใฉใใ่ๆจๆตใฃใฆ่ฆใใใจใชใใ ่ๆจใๅคๅใใใใ็ไผผใฎใใใใใชใใใใใใชใใงใใญใ โโใ็ตตๆใ ใ็ไผผใฆใใใใใใชใใใใปใชใๅใใใใใพใใใใ่ฆ็นใฎๅใๆฟใใๆฅต็ซฏใชๆงๅณใใใผในใชใฉใฎ็ทๅใใใใใฎใ่ๆจๆตใงใใใใไบๆตใๅบใฆใใชใใจใใใฎใฏใใใใใๆ่ก็ใชๅ้กใงใใใใงใใใใญใ ่ๆจใ็ตตใใใใงใใใในใใผใชใผๅฑ้ใงใ็ปๅ ดไบบ็ฉใฎ่ฆ็นใใ็งใฏ่ชๅใงใฏใใใถใๅใๆฟใใใชใใจๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใใใๆใๆนใใใชใใจในใใผใชใผใ้ฒ่กใใชใใจใใใฎใใใใใๅคๅไธๅไธไนใใผใธใจใใๅถ็ดใฎใใใงใ็ฎใพใใใใใชใใใใๅพใชใๆใฏใใใใใใใชใใงใใญใ โโใใใใจๆ้ใฎๆตใใ็ฌ็นใงใใใญใๅ็ท็ใซใฏๆตใใฆ่กใใชใใๆๅ็ใชใใชใใฏใๅค็จใใใฆใใฆใๆ้ใๅพๆปใใใฆๅฎใฏใใใชใใจใใใฆใใใใจใใใพใใในใฟใณใใใๅฎ้ใซๆใๆญขใใใใๆปใใใใงใใใใใ ใใ ่ๆจใไธ็งใฎใใจใ็ถฟๅฏใซๆใใใใใใใงใใ็ปๅ ดไบบ็ฉใ่ฝใกใฆใใ้ใฎใใจใใๅปถใ ใจๆใใฆใ่ฝใกใฆใใ้ใซใใใพใง่ใใใ(็ฌ)ใฟใใใชใ โโใ็ฌฌๅ้จใฉในใใฎใๅ่ฏๅๅฝฑใใๆญปใฌใจใใใฏใๆ้ใซใใฆๅไบๅใใใใฎๅบๆฅไบใใใปใผๅ่กๆฌไธๅใไฝฟใฃใฆๆใใฆใใพใใใใญใใใฎใใใใฏๆผซ็ปใชใใงใฏใฎๆ้ๆงใงใใญใ ใ่ๆจใใใฎไฝๅใฏใ็่ฉฐใใงๆๅฟซใชๅจฏๆฅฝๆงใจใใใพใใใใใใใ๏ผณ๏ผฆ็ใชๆๅณใงๅธธใซ่ชฌๆใใใกใใจๅบๆฅใฆใใใใใชใใงใใใใในใฟใณใใใซใใฆใใใชใใฏใซใใฆใๅ็ใใใกใฃใจใใฆใใชใใจๆฐใใใพใชใใฟใใใชใปใปใปใปใปใปใ ่ๆจใใใใฏใใใพใใๅนฝ้ใ่ถ ๅธธ็พ่ฑกใซใใฆใใ็ฎใซ่ฆใใชใใใฎใๆใใฆใใๅ ดๅใใใใ็งๅญฆ็ใงใใใใๆผซ็ป็ใงใใใใใใกใใใจใใๅ็ใใชใใจๆบ่ถณๅบๆฅใชใใใใใงใในใฟใณใใใฟใใใชใใฎใ็ใพใใใใงใใใญใ โโใใใใฏใใใๆฌๆฐใชๆใใใใพใใใญใใใใซไผผใใขใคใใขใฃใฆ่ฆใใใจใชใใใงใใใใฉใใชใซใใใณใใฏใใฃใใใงใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใ้กใใใใๅบใฆๆฅใใใจใงใใใใใคใพใ่ถ ่ฝๅใจใใใฎใฏใใ ๅฟตใใใใใผใณใฃใฆๅฒใใๆใใใใพใใไฝใๅบใฆใใฆๅฉใใฐ่ชญ่ ใฏใใใใใใใชใจใใใ ใใใ ใใชใใงใใใใฉใใใใใใฎ็พๅคช้ใใ่ชญใใงใๅฎ่ญท้ใชใใใๅบใฆใใฆใใใใ ๅบใฆใใใ ใใงไฝใใใชใ(็ฌ)ใใใณใใงใ็นฐใๅบใใฆใๆช้ใใใฃใคใใฆใใใใฐใใใฎใซใจๆใฃใฆใใฆใใใใใ็บๆณใงๅบใฆๆฅใใใจใ ใจๆใใใงใใญใ โโใๅ ซใๅนดไปฃๅ้ ญใซใฏใไธๆนใงๅคงๅๅ ๆดใใผใ ใใใฃใฆใ็ซฅๅคขใใฎใใใชใใใใใ็ฎใซ่ฆใใชใ่ถ ๅธธ็พ่ฑกใใฟใใชๆใใใใๅพๅใใใฃใใใใชใใงใใใใใใซๅฏพใใใขใณใใจใใใใฎใๅคๅฐๆ่ญใใใใจใใใฏใใใใงใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใ่ถ ่ฝๅใฎใใใใซใใใจใใใฎใใชใใจใใใฆใใใใจใใใฎใฏใใใพใใใญใใงใๅคงๅๅ ็ใฎ็ฉบ้ใฎๆใๆนใซใฏใใใๅๅผทใใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใใใณใใใฎๅฒใๆนใจใใญใใใ่ฆใฆๆใใฆใใใจใกใใใจใใใใใงใใใ็่ซ็ใซๆใใฆใใฆใใกใใใจใใใใใบใซใฟใใใซ็ ด็ใใใฃใกใๆใใใงใใใญใๆฐดใฎๆฃใๆนใใๅ็ใซๆฎใฃใใใใฆในใญใผใขใผใทใงใณใ่ฆใฆๆใใฆใใใใใใชใใใจๆใใใใชใใใใใใฎใใใใ็ทปๅฏใงใๅฅฝใใง่ชญใใงใใพใใใใใใ ่ถ ่ฝๅใฎ้จๅใใกใใฃใจใใใใชใใ็ดๅพใใใชใใใงใใญใใใใใใใใใฏๅฉใใซ่กใใใ ๏ผใฟใใใชใญใใใฎใธใใ้กใใจใใฆๅบใฆใใใจใใใใจใชใใ ใจๆใใใงใใญใ โโใ็ฌ็นใฎใปใชใๅใใจใใใฎใฏใใใใใชใจใใใงๆๆใใใฆใใใจๆใใใงใใใฉใ็ฟป่จณ่ชฟใจใใใใ็ฟป่จณใใฎใ่ชญใใงใใใใชๆใใๆใคใใจใใใใใงใใใใใใฏๆๅณใใฆใใฃใฆใใใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใๆฌใ่ชญใใ ๅฝฑ้ฟใๆฎใฃใฆใใใใใใชใใใจๆใใใงใใใใใใใตใใซๅใฃใฆใใๆใใใใพใใญใใชใใใฃใกใใฃใฆใญ(็ฌ)ใ โโใๆตทๅคใฎๅฐ่ชฌใฏใใฃใฑใใญใณใฐใใใกใฐใใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใไปใฎใตในใใณใน็ณปใฎไฝๅฎถใใใพใ่ชญใใงใใชใใ ใใใใใใชใใงใใใใฉใ โโใๆฌ้ณใซใคใใฆใฏใฉใใงใใใใใใฎไธ้จใงๆๅใซใชใฃใใญในใทใผใณใฎ่ๆฏ้ณใใใใพใใญใใใบใญใฅใฆใฅใผใณใใจใใ(็ฌ)ใใญใกใฎๅ ด้ขใงใฏๅฟ ใใใใผใณใใจใใใใใใใใจใใ็ฌ็นใฎๅนๆ้ณใๅบใฆใใพใใใใใใๅ ้ขใใใปใจใฐใใฃใฆใใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใไฝใใชใบใ ใฟใใใชใใฎใงใใใฎใทใผใณใซใกใใฃใจๆฌฒใใใใจใใๆ ็ปใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใ ใจๆใใพใใใใใฃใฑใใใใจใใฐๆฎบไบบ้ฌผใๅพใใซ็ซใคใจๆฅใซ้ณๆฅฝใ้ณดใใใใชใใงใใใใใญใฅใณใญใฅใณใญใฅใณใญใฅใณใใจใใใใบใณใบใณใบใณใบใณใใจใใ(็ฌ)ใใชใใชใใ ใใใญใใใใฏใใใใๆฌฒใใใใงใใใ โโใใใฏใๆ ็ป็ใซๅฑ้ใใใใจใใใฎใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใใใพใใญใ่ฆ็นใจใใใซใกใฉใฎ็ฎใงๆณๅใใชใใๆใใใใใพใใใใใซใกใฉใใขใใซๅฏใฃใฆใใฃใใใใใฎใใกใใฃใจๆใใชใจใใไฝใฎๅคๅฒใใชใๆฐดใฎๅ ฅใฃใใฐใฉในใงใใใใฃใใใจใซใกใฉใๅฏใฃใฆใใใจใๆฏใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใใใชใใใชใจๆใใใใชใใงใใใใใกใใๆผซ็ปใฎ็ป้ขใจใใๅถ็ดใฏใใใพใใใฉใ โโใๆ ็ปใฏใใชใใๅฅฝใใฎใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใ่ฉฑ้กไฝใฏ่ฆณใฆใใพใใญใ็ฃ็ฃใงใฏใฏใชใณใใปใคใผในใใฆใใใใณใใใฉใใใปใใซใใในใใซใใผใฐใใใใๅฅฝใใงใใญใใชใณใใใญใฅใผใใชใใฏใฏใๅใฏใกใใฃใจ้ง็ฎใชใใงใใใใกใใใใใจใใใฏใใใใงใใใ่ชๅใฎใใฎใจใใฆๆกใๅ ฅใใใใจใใๆฐใซใฏใชใใชใใ โโใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใใงใใใใจใใใในใฟใณใใฎ้ ๅฝขใ่ฆไบใ ใจๆใใใงใใใใฆใซใใฉใใณใใใถใคใณใใๆ็ฐไบซใใใๆธใใฆใพใใใๅใ็ฉใใใกใใจๆใใฎใฏ้ฃใใใฆใใใชใๆ่กใฎใใไฝๅฎถใงใใๅใ็ฉใ ใใฏๅฅๅฝขใใใใใใญใกใฉ็ใช้ ๅฝขใซใชใใใกใชใใงใใ ่ๆจใใใฎๆใๅใ็ฉใฏใใใถใคใณ็ใชๆดๅๆงใใใใใจใชใใใใกใใใจๅฅๅบทใง่ชๅพใใ็ๅฝใๆใฃใฆใใพใใญใใ ใใใใใใใฐใญใในใฏใซใฏๆใใใใชใใ ่ๆจใใฐใญใในใฏใชใใฎใฏใใใใใใใๆใใชใใใใใใชใใใพใไฝๅไธญใงใใใพใๆฎ้ ทใชใทใผใณใฏๆใใฆใใชใใจๆใใพใใไพใ่กใพใฟใใซใชใใใใชๅ ดๅใงใใๅบ่กใฏใใพใใชใขใซใใใชใใใถใคใณใใใใใใ ในใฟใณใใฎ้ ๅฝขใซใฏใใใชใซ่ฆๅดใใชใใงใใญใๆฐ่ธๅใไบบๅฝขใฎไฝฟใใใใช้จๅใใกใใฃใจใใคๆใฃใฆใใใใใฆใใใใซในใฟใณใใฎ่ฝๅใๅ ๅณใใฆ่ใใพใใ โโใใใจใณใผใบ(ๅบ็ฌๅบทไธใฎในใฟใณใ)ใใชใใใ็ก้ ไฝใซๅบใฆใใๆใใงใใ๏ผใกใใฃใจๅทฅๅคซใใๆใใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใใจใณใผใบใใฏใกใใฃใจ่ใใใใใใใชใใใฏใใใฆๆ้ทใใใฟใคใใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใ่ฉฆใใใฎใงใในใฟใณใใๅตใใๅญตใฃใฆๅคๅใใใจใใใ โโใๅบ็ฌๅบทไธใฏๅฅฝใใชใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใชใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใพใๅฝผใฎ้ๅฝใใใใงๅ็ปๅ ดใจใชใใใใใใพใใใญใใงใๆฌๅฝใซใใพใ่จ็ฎใฏใใฆใใชใใงใใญใไธ่ฆ่จ็ฎใใฆใใใใใซๆใใใใฟใใใงใใใในใใผใชใผใฎ่จ็ฎใๆๅใฎ้ ใฏใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใใๆใญใใชใใๆฅ่จใฟใใใซใใฆๆใใฆใใฆใใใใใใใชใใใชใฃใฆใไปๆฅๆใฃใใใจใ็ถดใฃใฆใใใใใชใจใใๆฐใซใชใฃใใใจใใใใใงใใใญใใใ ใๆนๅๆงใใฏใฃใใใใใฆใใใใงใ โโใ้ๅปใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใซใฏใใพใๆใๅ ฅใใฏใชใ๏ผ ่ๆจใ่ใใใใพใใใญใๅฅใใๅ้ใฟใใใชๆใใงใๆใใใใชใจใใใ ใใงใๆฌกใฎ้ฑใฎใใจใง้ ญใใใฃใฑใใงๅฟใใใใงใใใใใฎไธ็ใฏๆฏใ่ฟใฃใฆใใๆใใชใใใใใชใใใชใ โโใไปฅๅใๅฏบๆฒขๆญฆไธใใใ่ๆจใใใฎใใจใใๆๅพใพใงในใใผใชใผใ็ทดใฃใฆใใๆใใฟใคใใ ใจ่งฃ่ชฌใใใฆใใพใใใใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใฏใใใชใใงใใใใๆฅ้ฑใฎในใใผใชใผใใใใใชใใงใใใใใใใชใผใใใใธใงใธใงใใฎ็ฌฌไธ้จใฎ้ ใฏใใใงใใใใใใใใใฃใฆใใใจๆใใชใใ ใใใ ใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใซๅฏพใใฆๆ็ขบใชใคใกใผใธใใใใฐใใใฎไบบใฎใ้ๅฝใใง่กใใใงใใไบบใจๅใใงใๅใใใใๅพใชใใจใใใใไธปไบบๅ ฌใฎๅๆฉไปใใใฏใฃใใใใฆใใใฐใใใใใๆฐๆใกใ ใใใใ่กใใใจใใใฎใฏๅฟ ็ถ็ใซๆฑบใพใฃใฆใใพใใ โโใใใฎ่พบใในใฉใณใใฎใชใใจใใใใฎใซใคใชใใใใงใใใใใญใใ ่ๆจใใใใในใฉใณใใฏใใใพใใ(็ฌ)ใ โโใใชใใจ่จใๅใฃใฆใใพใใฎใๅ้กใงใใใใใใฉใใปใใฎๆนใจใฎๆฏ่ผใงใๆผซ็ปๅฎถใ็ตตใไธ้ใใใซใคใใฆใใฉใใฉใใคใฉในใ็ใชๆฏ้ใ้ซใใชใฃใฆใ็ฉ่ชใๅใใใชใใชใฃใฆใใพใใจใใใใฟใผใณใใใใจๆใใใงใใใ่ๆจใใใฎๅ ดๅใๅ จ็ถใใใใชใใงใใญใ็ตตๆใฎๅคๅใจ็ฉ่ชใฎ้ฒ่กใ็ธไบใซๅ ้ใๅใฃใฆใใใใใฎใใณใทใงใณใงไธใๅนด็ถใใฆใใๆผซ็ปใฃใฆไปใซใใใพใใใฃใ๏ผใใใธใฃใณใใใงใใใใกไบใใไบใๅนดใงใใใใฉใดใณใใผใซใใไธใๅนดใใใใงใใใใใใ ใใใฉใดใณใใผใซใใงใใใใฟใผใณใฎๅๅพฉใฏ้ฟใใใใชใใฃใใใใผใใกใณใๆนๅผใงใใฉใใฉใๅผทใๆตใ็พใใใฆใใใ่ๆจใใใฏใใใใใใใผใใกใณใๆนๅผใซๅฏพใใฆใ็ๅใๆใฃใฆใใใใใซๆใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใซ็ใ ใชใจๆใใใงใใใใใฎๅพใฉใใใใฎใใชใจไธๅฎใซใชใใจใใใใ่ชๅใใใใใใใจ่จใใใๆใฏใใใผใฃใจๆใใใงใใใใใผใใกใณใใฏๅฎๅ จใซๅฆๅฎใใฆใใใจใใใฏใใใพใใใใญใ โโใใใธใงใธใงใใซ้ขใใฆใฏใใฉใใใใผใใกใณใๅผใซ่ชค่งฃใใใฆใใๆนใใใใถใใใใฟใใใชใใงใใๆน่ฉๅฎถใพใงใใกใใใจ่ชญใพใชใใงใใใใฏใใผใใกใณใใ ใจๆญ่จใใใใใใฎใฏๆฌๅฝใซๆฎๅฟตใงใใ็ฉ่ชใไฝ้จใใซๅใใใฆใใใจใใใใใใจในใฟใณใใฎ่ฝๅใไธใคใใใชใใจใใใใจใงใๅผทใใใใ่ณชใงๅทฎๅฅใใฆใใพใใใญใใใใใ่จญๅฎใซใใฃใฆๅผทๆตใฎใคใณใใฌใผใทใงใณใ้ฒใใจใใๆๅณใฏใใฃใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใผใใกใณใๆนๅผใฏ่ชญ่ ใซใฏๅใใใฎใงใ็ทจ้่ ใใใฃใฑใใใใใใใจ่จใๆใใใใใงใใใงใใใฎๆใฏใใใผใใใงใใใฎๆตใ็ตใใฃใใใใใฎๆๅใฏใฉใใใใฐใใใใงใใ๏ผใใฟใใใชใญใๅฎใฏใ็ฌฌๅ้จใฎๆ็็บใฎๆใซใใใใง็ตใใใใชใใจๆใฃใใใจใใใฃใใใงใใใพใ้ใๆผซ็ปใๆใใชใใใใใชใใฎใใชใใจใใจใใใใ็ทจ้้จใใไผใฟใฏ้ง็ฎใ ใใใจ่จใใใ(็ฌ)ใใใใงไปๆนใชใใ็ก็ใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใไฝใฃใฆๅงใใพใใใใใงใๆใใฆใใใจใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใซๆ ใ็งปใฃใฆใใฆใ โโใๅบ็ฌๅบทไธใใใพใใใใณใฟใใใใใใจใใๆใใงใ่ชญใใงใใใปใใฏไฝใ้ๅๆใจใใใใๆฌๅฝใซไฝ็บใๆใใใใชใใฃใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใใฏ็ตๆงไฝใฃใใชใจ่ชๅใงใฏๆใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใ ใใ ใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใจใใใใใใใใใๆใใใชใใชใใฎใใชใ ๅฐๅนดๆผซ็ปใฎ็้ โโใ่ๆจใใใฏใใใใชๆๅณใงใๆผซ็ปใฎ็้ใ่กใฃใฆใใๆใใใใพใใญใ ่ๆจใใงใๅ้ใใใใฆใใใคใใผ็ณปใฎไบบใ ใชใจๆใใใฆใใใจใใใใใใใงใใ่ชๅใงใฏๆใใใใๅฐๅนดๆผซ็ปใฎ็ฒพ็ฅใๅใ็ถใใงใใใคใใใชใใงใใใ โโใใใใฏๆฌๅฝใซใใใงใใญใ่ฆใใใซๆผซ็ปใฎๆน่ฉใ่ๆจใใใฎไฝๅใซใคใใฆ่ชใ่จ่ใๆใฃใฆใใชใใ็งใฏไปๆฅใใใใๅ่ชฌใใใใฆๆฅใใใใชใใฎใชใใงใใใใฉใใใใฏใใใใใซไธๅฝใช้ๅฐ่ฉไพกใ ใจๆใใพใใๅๆใฎใใใฏใใปใชใใๆฌ้ณใ้ข็ฝใใใจใใใใใใไบ็ดฐใชใจใใใงๆใกไธใใฆใใใฆใใใพใใใณใใชใจใ่จใฃใฆใพใใใฉใ็งใฏใใณใทใงใณใฏใใใฃใฆ้ซใพใฃใฆใใใจๆใใพใใๅฎ้จๆงใ็ฎใซใคใใชใใใใงใใใใใญใใใใๆใๅฎ้จใใใชใใจใใใใใใพใฎใจใใใๆญฃๅฝใช่ฉไพกใจๆใใใใฎใฏๅฎ ๅ ซ้ใฎๆน่ฉ(ใใคใซใ๏ผใใใๅคฉๅฝใๆๅ)ใ ใใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ่ๆจใ่ชญ่ ใใใธใฃใณใใใฎ่ชญ่ ใงใใใใใใใใใฎใซ้ใใใใฆใใใใใชใฎใใใใใชใใงใใญใใงใไฝใใใใ้ๅคง่ฉไพกใใใชใใใจใใ(็ฌ)ใ โโใใใใใใฎ็้ใ่กใใชใใๅฎ้จ็ใงใใใจใใใฎใฏใใใ็จๆใชใใจใงใ็พๅจใฎใใพใใซใไธๅฝใช่ฉไพกใๅคๅฐใชใใจใ้่ปขใใใใใจใใไฝฟๅฝๆใๆใฃใฆใไปๆฅใฏๆฅใใใใชใใฎใงใใ ใ่ๆจใใใฎไฝๅใฏ็ๅฝ่ณๆญใจใใใพใใใๅฅๅ จใจใใใฎใจใใกใใฃใจ้ใใพใใใใใใๅฅๅบท็ใชใใงใใใญใ็งใฏไธๆนใงใฏๅ็ฐๆฆ่ปใฎๆผซ็ปใซใคใใฆ่ชใฃใใใใใฆใใใใงใใใใใใฏใใใใชๆๅณใง็ ็็ใซ่ชใใใจใใใใใฃใฆใ้ใซ่ชใๆใใใงใใใใใใใๆผซ็ปใฏใฉใๆใใใพใ๏ผ ่ๆจใๅฅฝใใงใใญใใใใใไบบ้ใฎ็ ็ใช้จๅใใใใๅบใๆใใ้ข็ฝใใงใใใญใใใใใๆผซ็ปใ่ชญใใงใขใคใใขใๆตฎใใใ ใใใใใใฉใใๅใฎๆผซ็ปใฎใใผใใฎๆ นๆฌใฏใไบบ้ใ่ณ็พใใใใจใใใจใใใซใใใใงใใกใใฃใจใใใซ่ฆ็นใ็งปใใกใใใ ใใชใใงใใใญใใใ ใๅใฎๆผซ็ปใ่ฃ่ฟใใฐใใใใๆผซ็ปใซใชใใจใฏๆใใพใใใ ใๅใฎ็ทจ้่ ใซใฏใใใใฃใจไบบ้ใฎๆฒใใใๆใใใใใจใใใใใจใ่จใใใใใงใใใใใใใใจใใใผใใๆใใชใใชใจใใๆใใใใใงใใใญใใใใใฎ่ณ่ณชใ้ใใใใใใใใจใใญใใใใใๆใฏใใฃใฐใๆฉใฟใพใใๆใใฆใฟใใใจๆใใใงใใใญใ ใๅฐ่ชฌใงใใใจ๏ผณใปใญใณใฐใฎใใฉใผใจใใใใใใโ็ใพใใฆใใๆฒใใโใฟใใใชใฎใใใฃใฐใใไบบ้่ณๆญใใ ใจๆใใใงใใใใ ใใฉใใใใฏใกใใฃใจใชใใชใ่กใใชใใใ ใใใใใใไธญๅฟใซ่ชใฃใฆใใพใใจใธใใชไฝๅฎถใ ใชใฟใใใชๆใใ ใจๆใใใงใใใญใใใพใใใใซ็ฆ็นใใใใจใญใๆ ็ปใงใใใจใใปใใณใใฎใใใซๅฐ็ใซ็ชใ่ฝใจใใฆ็ตใใใใใชใฟใใใชใใใฎใธใใฏ่กใใชใใจๆใใพใใญใใฉใใใงๆใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใใญใใใใฏใใงใใใใใใฎใใใใใงใใใญใใใใจๆใใใงใใใใใใใฏๆๆฆใใใใใชใจใใใผใใใใทใใจๅใฃใๆใซใใฉใคใใฆใฟใใใจใฏๆใใใงใใใ โโใ็ฌฌๅ้จใจใใใฎใฏๅฐใๆตใใๅคใใฃใฆใตใคใณใในใใฎใจใใใใใ็พใใกใฎๆฒ้ปใใจใใใปใใณใใจใใใใฎ่พบใฎใใคใน ใใใกใใฃใจใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใๆไปฃใงใใใญใใใธใงใธใงใใฎ็ฌฌไธ้จใใใใฏ็ฅ่ฉฑ็ใชในใใผใชใผใฎๆง็ธใใใฃใใใงใใใใฉใๅ้จใใใใงๅฐใๆฅๅธธใฎใใฎใซ็งปใฃใฆใใใจใใใฎใงใไธปไบบๅ ฌใใใใใใตใใซใชใฃใใใงใใใญใ โโใใใใฏ็ฉๆฅต็ใซๆกใๅ ฅใใๆใใงใใใใใใจใๆฅๅธธใๆใใใจใใใใๅฟ ็ถ็ใซใใใชใฃใใจใใๆใใงใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใๅฎฎๅดใฎไบไปถใจใใใใใใๆใใงใๆตใฎ่ฑกๅพดใไฝใใชใจ่ใใๆใซใใใฃใชใใใใใชใใฎใฎ่ฑกๅพดใจใใฆๆใใฆใใใใงใใใใฉใใใฏใๆฅๅธธใฎใ้ฃใซไฝใใงใใไบบใไฝใใใฆใใใใใใใชใใจใใใฎใใใกใฐใๆใใชใจๆใฃใใฎใงใใงใใใพใฎ็ฌฌไบ้จใฎๆตใฏๅ ้จใซใใใ่ชๅใฎไธๅธใๆตใจใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใใใฏ่ชๅใๅฎใฃใฆใใใใฏใใฎๆฟๆฒปๅฎถใ่ญฆๅฎใๆตใใใใใชใใจใใๆ่ญใซ้ใชใใพใใญใ โโใ็ฌฌๅ้จใฎใๆ็็บใใฏไพๅคใจใใฆใใใพใไธ็ใ็ฎฑๅบญ็ใซใชใใชใใใใซใจใใใใจใฏ่ใใพใใ๏ผใชใฟใฏ็ใช้ใใ็ฉบ้ใฎใชใใงๆตใๅบใฆใใใจใใใใใใใผใใกใณใใฟใใใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใจใใใใจใงใ ่ๆจใๅฟ ่ฆใจใใใฐใใใใใใชใใใจใฏใชใใจๆใใพใใใงใไธ้ฑ้ใงๆใใฆใใๆใฏใๆฌๅฝใซใใใ ใใชใใงใใใไธ็งใฎใใใ ใ ใใใใฎ็ฉบ้ใ ใใงใฉใใใๆป้ฒใใใใใ ใใใชใจใใใใจใ่ใใฆใใพใใใใใใๆใใงใใฎใงๆใใฆใๆใฏ็ญใใงใใใญใใใจใใ่ฆใใจใใฎไธ็ใฏใงใใใชใฃใฆใใพใใใใฉใ ใใใใจๆฏ้ฑใขใคใใขใฏไธๅใใๅบใใชใใจใใใฎใใใฃใฆใใๅๅบใใจ่ชญ่ ใฏใใใใชใใชใใจใใใฎใใใใใงใใใๆใใใจใฏไธๅใ ใจใใๆผซ็ปใฎๆใๆนใใใใใงใใ็ทจ้่ ใใใใใใใจใ่จใใใงใใใญใใขใคใใขใไบๅใใใจใ็ทจ้่ ใฏใใใใชใซ่ใใๅฟ ่ฆใฏใชใใใใๅใใใจ้ง็ฎใ ใใ่ชญ่ ใฏใฉใฃใกใ่ชญใใงใใใฎใใใใใชใใ ใใใจใไธๅใงใใใ ไธๅใ็ งใใใซๆใๅใใจใใใใใใ็ งใใใใใชใณใใฏ้ง็ฎใ ใใใจใใใใใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใใใใฆใใใใ ใจๅๆฐใฅใใใใพใใญใใใฃใกใใกใใฃใจไธๅฎใซใชใฃใฆใใใจใใใใๅคงไธๅคซใ ใใใใจใใญใใใใใ็ทจ้่ ใฎ่จ่ใฏๅคงใใใงใใญใ โโใ่ก็ญใฎ่ฉฑใงใใใๅฎถๆใๅบใฆใใใใใงใใใใ ใใใ็ถ่ฆชใๆญปใใงใใพใฃใใใจใใใจใใจใใซใชใฃใกใใฃใใใใพใใใญใๅฅณๆงใๅฎใใใใจใใฃใฆใใใใใฏๆฏ่ฆชใๅฎใใใใๅฉใใใใใซ้ใๅ ดๅใๅคใใใใงใใใใใฎ่พบใไธ็จฎใฎๅฅๅ จใใจใใฆๅใๅใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใใใฉใ ่ๆจใใใผใใ่ชญ่ ใใใใฏใกใใฃใจๅคใ ใชใจๆใใใใชใใจใฏ้ฟใใใใจใใใจใใฉใใใฆใใใใชใฃใฆใใพใใจใใใใๆไบบใๅฎใใใใ ใฃใใใใกใใฃใจๆฐ้ซใใชใใใชใจใใใปใปใปใปใปใปใใใใกใใฃใจๆฌฒๆใฎ้จๅใ่ชๅใฎๆๅพใฎๆใใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใใใใใฉใใใใใกใใใจๆใซใชใใพใงใใใใๆใใชใใใใใใชใใงใใใญใใ ใใฉใๆฏใใใจใ่่ฆชใ ใฃใใไฝใฎๅๆฉใใใใชใใจๆใใใงใใๅฅณๆงใๅฎใฃใใใใใจ้ใ่ฉฑใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใใใชใใใฎๅฅณๆงใๅฎใใชใใใฐใใใชใใฎใใฎ่ฉฑใๆใใชใใใฐใใใชใใชใฃใฆใใพใใ่ฉฑใใใใฆใใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใญใใพใๅฅณใฎๅญใใใพใๆใใชใใจใใใฎใใใใพใใใไฝๅบฆใ่ฉฆใใฆใฏใฟใใใงใใใฉใญใ ใ้ใใฎๆผซ็ปใๆใใใใฎใซใ่ชญ่ ใฏใใใพใงใซๆๆ ขใใชใใใฐใใใชใใใใงใใใ็ฑๅฟใช่ชญ่ ใฏ่ชญใใงใใใใใใใใชใใงใใใใฉใใใธใฃใณใใใฎ่ชญ่ ใฏ้ใใ่ฆใใใฎใซใใใใชใจใใใๅปถใ ใจๆใใใฆใใใใใโฆโฆใใ ใฃใใใๆฏใใใซใใฆใใใใฎใจใใใฏใใผใณใจๆตใใจใใใใๆนใจใใใฎใฏใใใจๆใใใงใใใญใๆใกๅใใใฎๆใซใพใฉใใฃใใใใใๆนใฏๅดไธใใใใจใใญใใ ใใใใบใซ็ใชไฝใๆนใฎๆใใใใพใใญใใใใซใใใฏใพใใจใใใใใฏ้ง็ฎใ ใชใใจใใใใใงใกใใฃใจใใใคใๅฉใใใใใจใใใใใชใฎใฏใใฃใใใใชใใงใใใจใใใธใงใผใ ใบใปใญใฃใกใญใณใฎใใใซใดใผใณใจ่กใใชใใ้ง็ฎใ ใจใใๆใใใใใงใใใใญใฃใกใญใณใฏ้ชจๅคชใซ่กใใจใใใๅฅฝใใงใใญใไฝ่จใชใจใใใฏใใพใๆใใพใใใใญใใงใ่ๅพใซ็ฉ่ชใใใใ โโใๅฎๅๆ ็ปใๆฎใใใใชใจๆใใใจใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใ่ชๅใงๆฎใใใใชใจใใๅธๆใฏใใใพใใใใๆ ็ปใจใใใฎใฏ่ธ่กใจใใฆใใใใไผ้ๆนๆณใชใใ ใชใจๆใๆใฏใใใพใใญใๆ ็ปใฏ่ชใใฆๅฐๆฌใใฆใพใใใงใๆผซ็ปใๆ ็ปใฟใใใช่ธ่กใซใชใใฎใใชใจใใใจใใใฏ็ๅใใใฃใใใใใพใใใใฉใใใขใใกใฏใใใพใ็ผไธญใซใชใใใ โโใๅ ่คๅนน้ใจใใ่ฉ่ซๅฎถใใๅฏบๆฒขใใใจใ่ๆจใใใชใฉใฎๆผซ็ปใ็ท็งฐใใฆใใใใจใชในใ ใใคใพใใใใใฆ้ซๅบฆใชๆ่กใง็ตข็ใใๅผ็จใใกใใฐใใๆผซ็ปใ ใจๆๆใใฆใใพใใใใใใฏๆๅณ็ใซใชใใฃใฆใใใใจใชใใงใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใใใชใใใใๅพใชใใจใใใจใใใงใใญใ โโใๅผ็จใฏใใใใใใฉใใญใใฃใฏใใพใใใใพใใใใญใใทใชใขในใชใฟใใใงใใขใใก็ใชใใกใใใใใชใใจใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใใฎใๅคๅฐ้ฆฌ้นฟ้ฆฌ้นฟใใใจๆใฃใฆใใ็ งใใใซใใใจใใใฎใฏๅบๆฌใชใใงใใใใกใใฃใจ็ งใใฏใใใใ ใใใฉใใใใ็ชใ็ ดใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใใใใใใฏใใใฏใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใใใฆใใ๏ผใฟใใใช(็ฌ)ใๆฑบๅฟใใใใใงใใใญใใใใฏใญใ โโใใใฃใฐใใใกใใใใฆใใพใใใใจใใ่ชๆใฏใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใฏใฏใฏใใใใใงใใใๆใใฆใใฆใกใใฃใจใใชใใใใฐใใใใใชใใใชใจๆใใใจใใใใใใฉใใใใ่ฆๆใใใใจ่ชญ่ ใใใใใใใใใงใใใใใธใฃใณใใฎไผ็ตฑใชใใงใใใญใ่ป็ฐๆญฃ็พๅ ็ใจใใใชใใงใใใพใงใใฌใใใชใจใใใใใใไบบใใใพใใใใญใ โโใใใใฏใใธใฃใณใใใชใใงใฏใจใใๆใใงใใใญใใ ่ๆจใใใ่ใใใจใใชใใงๅฎๅฎใซ้ฃใใงใใใฟใใใชใญ(็ฌ)ใใ ใใฉใๅฎๅ จใซ่ชญ่ ใฎไธใใใฃใฆใใพใใใใใใใผใฃใฆใชใใจๆใใใงใใใญใ โโใใกใชใฟใซๆใฎๅๅใๅซใถใฎใฏ่ป็ฐๆญฃ็พๅ ็ใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ โโใ่ป็ฐๅ ็ใฏใใณใใทใผใณใฎๆงๅณใฏใ ใใใใใคใไธ็ทใงใใใใใฉใ่ๆจใใใฏใใฎ่พบใฏๆใๅใใฆใใใใพใใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใ ใๆไปฃใ้ฒๅใใฆใใใใใงใใใใญใใใใใ ใใๅใฎๆผซ็ปใฏใใฏใไผ็ตฑใซๅใฃใฆใใใจๆใใพใใ โโใๆ่ฟใใใคใฏใใใจๆณจ็ฎใใฆใใใใๆผซ็ปๅฎถใฎๆนใฏใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใใผใใใใฃใฐใใใใใใฉใ่ชใใใใชใใชใจใใ้จๅใใใฃใใใจใใใชใฟใฏ็ณปใฎๆผซ็ปๅฎถใจใใใฎใฏใใกใใฃใจ็่งฃใงใใชใใใใฉใใใใพใใจใฏ่จใใชใใใใฉใใใใฃใฐใ็ฌ็นใฎ้ญ ๅใใใใฎใใชใจๆใใใงใใใใฟใใช็ฑ็็ใซใใฎ็ตตใใใใจใใฃใฆๆฏๆใใฆใใใใใงใใใใใ ใใฉ่ชๅใซใฏใใใใชใ้จๅใใใฃใใใใฆใใชใใงใใใใฉใใฉใซๆใใฆใใใฎใใชใจใใญใๅใ้กใฐใฃใใใงใใใฎใใชใจใใ ใๆๆๅณฏๅคช้ใใใฏๅฅฝใใงใใญใใใใฉใดใณใธใใใใฏ่ชญใใงใพใใใใใฟใขใท้้ญใใฏใใๅคใใชใใฃใใใฉใใๅบงๆทๅฅณใใฎใใใใใใใชใจๆใๅงใใฆใใใธใฃใณใใใงใฏใใใใไบฌไปใใใใใ๏ผใใตใซใใใใใใจใใฎใใซใคใธใใฎ็ฆๆฌไผธ่กใใ(ใใคใณใฐใใฌใธใณใ้ฃ่ผ)ใใใซใคใธใใฏใใๅฅฝใฟใใใชใใงใใใใใใชๆใใใพใใใใ็ตตใฏใกใฐใฆใคใใ่จๅทใซใใใฟใใใชๆใใงใใใใชใซใใพใใชใใใฉใใใใฏใใใใงใใใๅปๅนด็ใใใฎใฏใใใงใใญใๆฌๅฑใซ่ตฐใฃใฆใใฃใใฎใฏไน ใ ใงใใญใ โโใไปๆฅใฎใ่ฉฑใ่ใใฆใพใใพใ็ขบไฟกใใพใใใใใฃใฐใๆใ ใใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใ้จๅใๅ จ้จ่ปฝใๆฐๆใกใงๅบใใฆใใใใใจใใใฎใใใใใพใใใฎใง(็ฌ)ใใใใฏใใๅคฉๆๆงใฎ่จผใจใใใใจใงใ ่ๆจใๅคฉๆใใใชใใงใใใฉใญ(็ฌ)ใใงใใใพใ้่ฆใใใชใใจๆใใใงใใใฉใญใ โโใๆใ ใฎ่ฆๆนใ้้ใฃใฆใใใฎใใใใใพใใใใใฉใใงใไปใฎๆผซ็ปใจ้ใใจใใใซ็ฎใใใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใๆๅณใใฆ้ใใใฆใใฎใใชใจๆใใจใใใใงใใชใใใใงใใใญใ่ช็ถใซๅบใฆใใใใฎใงใ ่ๆจใใใใใ่กใใชใใงใใญใ โโใใใฎใใชใงไปๅพใไธใๅนดใไบใๅนดใจใ ่ๆจใใใใใพใใใ้ ๅผตใใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใคใใใงใใใฉ(็ฌ)ใ [6] |
ๅญไพใฎ้ ใใใใณใฌใฏๅฅฝใใงใใใใใใขใใใชใใใใฉใญใ ๆไปฃใฏๆๅกๆฒป่ซๅ ็ใฎๅ จ็ใงใใใกใใๆๅกๅ ็ใฎไฝๅใ่ชญใใ ใใฉใใฉใกใใใจใใใฐใๅ็ปใๅฅฝใใงใใใญใๅ็ปๆไปฃใฎๅงใพใใฎ้ ใงใใใใญใ็นใซๆขถๅไธ้จๅ ็ใฎไฝๅใ็ฝๅไธๅนณๅ ็ใฎไฝๅใใใ่ชญใฟใพใใใ ใๅญฆๆ กใซ่กใฃใฆใใ้ ใจใใใฐใใญใใฏใใใ่ดใใพใใใๅใฎไธ็ชใฎใๆฐใซๅ ฅใใฏใฌใใใปใใงใใใชใณใงใใใใใพใใพใชใใณใใ่ดใใฆใพใใใใๅญไพใฎ้ ใฏใ้ใใชใใใใๅ้ๅๅฃซใงใขใซใใ ใฎ่ฒธใๅใใใใฃใฆใใใผใใซใจใฃใฆใใใใงใใๅใฎใใณใฌใซๅบใฆใใในใฟใณใใฎๅๅใฏใๆๅฅฝใใ ใฃใใฐใซใผใใฎๅๅใใขใซใใ ๅใใๅใฃใใใใฆใใพใใไพใใฐใญใผใชใณใฐในใใผใณใบใฎใขใซใใ ใงในใใฃใใญใผใใฃใณใฌใผใบใจใใใฎใใใใใธใฃใฑใใใใธใผใณใบใซใชใฃใฆใใฆใไธญๅคฎใซใธใใใผใไปใใฆใใใใใๅฝๆ่ฉฑ้กใซใชใฃใใธใฃใฑใใใชใใงใใใใใฎใธใฃใฑใใใ่ฆใฆใใฆใใใใใชใจใใใซใธใใใผใไปใใฆ้ใ้ใใใใใจใใงใใใใใใใใใฎใซใชใใชใใฆๆใฃใใใงใใใใใช็บๆณใใ็ใพใใใฎใใในใใฃใใญใฃใปใใฃใณใฌใผใบใใจใใในใฟใณใใงใใ ใ'70ๅนดไปฃใใจใใใฎใฏไป่ใใใจๅใๆไปฃใ ใฃใใๆไปฃใใฎใใฎใซใใคใณใใฏใใใใฃใใใๆดป่บใใใขใผใใฃในใใฎๅๆงใๅ ใฃใฆใใใจๆใใพใใใใณใฌใงใใใจใใใฎใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใ็ซใฃใฆใใใใจใใๆใใใใใฏใใฅใผใธใใฏใปใทใผใณใซ้ใใใๆ ๅใชใฉใซใๆใใพใใญใ ใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใใใจๆฌๆฐใงไฝๅใซๅใ็ตใฟๅงใใใฎใฏ้ซๆ กใซใชใฃใฆใใใๅใใฆๅบ็็คพใซๆใก่พผใใ ๅ็จฟใฏใใซใฆใใผใคใใฎใใ ใฃใใใงใใใใ ใฃใฆใใซใฆใใผใคใใณใฌใชใใฆใใณใฌๆฌใซ่ผใฃใฆใชใใฃใใใใ็ฎ็ซใคใใชใฃใฆ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใใ ใใฉใญใ็ทจ้ใฎๆนใใใใฃใฑใใใใใๆณจๆใใใพใใใใใๆ ็ทใใใฏใฟๅบใใ็ทใฏใใฃใใๆถใใชใใใใกใ ใใใจใใฃใๅบๆฌ็ใชใใจใใๅงใพใฃใฆใๅ ๅฎน็ใชใใจใใใใใ็ชใฃ่พผใพใใใใใใง้ใใกใใไบบใใใใใใงใใใๅใฏใๆฌกใฏใใใฐใใใใฃใฆๆใใงใใ ใใใใฎๆฌกใฎๆใก่พผใฟใฎๆใฏใใใ่ชๅใง่ใใใใ้ใใซใณใใญใซใใฆๆใฃใฆใใใพใใใญใ่ณชๅใ็ชใฃ่พผใฟใซๅฏพใใ็ญใใๅซใใฆใใใใงใใใกใใ่จใใใใใจใฏใใใใใใใใใงใใใใใฃใกใๆณจๆใใใใใจใ็ดใใใจใใฆใใใใจใฏไผใใฃใฆใใใใใใฎๅญใฏๆฌๆฐใชใใ ใชใใจ่ชใใใใใใใใชใใใชใ ใใใใฅใผใพใงใ็ญใใฃใใใใใใฃใฆใๅใซใฏใขใทในใฟใณใใฎ็ต้จใใชใใใงใใใ ใใใใขใทในใฟใณใใใใฃใฆใใฐ่ชฐใงใใใใใใใใใชใใจใ็ฅใใชใใฃใใฎใไพใใฐ้ปใใใใฏใซๆใๆใใชใใฆใใๆใซใๆใฎๅฝขใซๆฎใใฆใใฟๅกใฃใฆใใใจใใญ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใไปใฎใใณใฌๅฎถใใใใๆใใฆใใใฃใฆใใชใใ ใใใใใใจใ ใใใธใงใธใงใปใปใปใใฎๆๅใฎๅ่กๆฌใๅบใๆใ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใฎๅ ่ผฉใ็งๆฌๆฒปๅ ็ใฏใใใกใ่้ฃพๅบไบๆๅ ฌๅๅๆดพๅบๆใใใใงใซ51ๅทปใๅบใใฆใใใใใใงใใๅใใงใใใญใใใๆใฃใฆใใใใใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใใใใ55ๅทปใๆฐใใใพใงใซใชใใพใใใใจใฆใ็งๆฌๅ ็ใฎใใใซใฎใในใซๆๆฆใใจใฏใใใชใใจๆใใใฉใๆๆ จๆทฑใใใฎใใใใพใใ ใใใธใงใธใงใปใปใปใใซๅบใฆใใในใฟใณใใฏใๅฎ่ญท้ใใใใณใใๅพใใใฎใชใใงใใๅฎ่ญท้ใจใใใฎใฏไบบ้ใๅฎใฃใฆใใใใใฎใงใใใใใใใใใๅฐใใขใฏใใฃใใซใชใฃใฆใๅฎใฃใฆใใไบบ้ใ่ฅฒใฃใฆใใ่ ใใใฃใใใใใใฃใจๆณใๅบใใฆๆปๆใใฆใใใใใใใฎใซใชโฆใฃใฆใใใจใใใใ็ใพใใพใใใใใพใใพใชในใฟใณใใๆใใฆใใใใกใซใใใๅผทใใชใ้ใใกใใฃใฆใซใณใใญใชในใฟใณใใใฟใใใชใฎใใงใใกใใใใจใใใใใใใใใใใใใๅใใชใใใๅฐใฃใใชใใชใใฆ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใใงใ็ตๅฑไฝใใใฉใใใชใฃใฆๅใใใใงใใใฉใใใใ็่ซ็ใซ่ชฌๆใใใใฌใผใทใงใณใใณใใฎไธญใซๅ ฅใใใใงใใๅฐใ ๅผทๅผใงใ็ดๅพใงใใกใใใใใชใใญใใจใฆใไธๅฏ่ฝใชใใจใ็งๅญฆ็ใซๆค่จผใใใใจใใๆฌใใใใพใใใฉใใใใใใฎใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใ ใๅ่ช่บซใๆฐใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใในใฟใณใใฏใ็ฌฌ4้จใซๅบใฆใใใฏใฌใผใธใผใปใใคใคใขใณใใงใใญใ็ ดๅฃใใใใใฎใไฝใงใ็ดใใกใใใฎใใใใใใฎใใคใใฆใฆใใใใไพฟๅฉ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใ ็พๅจใ้ฃ่ผใฏ1ๆฌใใใณใฌใฏ้ฑ4ๆฅๆใใฆใใใผใ ใซ1ๆฅใใใฆใใพใใๅพนๅคใฏใงใใพใใใญใไปไบใฏ5ๆฅใซๅใใใใใซใใฆใใพใใ ใใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใใฎใฏๅฎถใงใใใฃใฆไปไบใใใฆใใใใใๆฅฝใซ่ฆใใใใใใใพใใใใๅฎใฏ้ๅธธใซ้ๅดๅใใใใซใทใผใณใชใใๆใใฆใใๆใฃใฆ่ฉใซใใฎๅใๅใๅ ฅใฃใฆใพใใ่ฅใๆใใใชใใใงใใชใไปไบใชใฎใใชใไปใฎใธใฃใณใซใไพใใฐ้ๅนด่ชใชใใใซๆใใฆใฟใชใใฎ๏ผใใชใใฆใใๅฃฐใใใใใงใใใๅใซใจใฃใฆใใธใงใธใงใปใปใปใใฏๅ จ่บซๅ จ้ใงๆใใฆใใไฝๅใไปใไปใฎใใณใฌใๆใใฆใใใฟใใชใใธใงใธใงใปใปใปใใซใชใฃใกใใใพใใใใใฃใจใ ใใชใใฎๆฅใฏๆ ็ปใ่ฆณใใ้ณๆฅฝใ่ดใใใใใงใใใ ใ่ชๅใฎๅๅผทใซๅฝใฆใฆใใพใใๆฏๆฅ้ฒๆญฉใใฆใใใชใใใฐใใใใไบบๆฐใฎใใไฝๅใงใ2๏ฝ3ๅนดใง้ฃฝใใใใฆใใพใๆไปฃใๅธธใซๅใซ้ฒใใงใใใใจใ่ชๅใซ่ชฒใใฆใใใใงใใ ใๆ ็ปใฏ่ถฃๅณใงใใใจๅๆใซใ่ฒด้ใช็ ็ฉถๆๆใงใใใใใงใใๅใฏใในใใชใผใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใใใในใใชใผๆ ็ปใจใใใฎใซใฏ้ ใๆนใฎใปใชใชใผใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใไฝๅใฏใใในใฆ็ทปๅฏใช่จ็ฎใฎไธใซ้ ใใใฆใใใใฎใงใใใซใกใฉใฎ่ฆ็นใฎไฝ็ฝฎใใซใกใฉใฏใผใฏใๅ ด้ขๆงๆใชใฉใไฝๅใๆใใฆใใไธใงใไฝใใใๅ่ใซใชใใใงใใใใธใงใธใงใปใปใปใใฎไธญใซใใใกใฎใขใใใฎใทใผใณใๆใใฆใใพใใๆใฎๅ ใใไฝใใๅบใฆใใใจใใฃใๅ ด้ขใฎ่ชฌๆใงใๆๅ ใฎใขใใใๆใใจใใใฎใฏใใในใใชใผๆ ็ปใซใใฃใๆๆณใๆ ็ปใฎใซใกใฉใฏใผใฏใๅ่ใซใใฆๆงๅณใๆฑบใใใใจใใใใใใพใใ ใใงใๆ่ฟใฏๆ ็ปใไฝๅใๅฐ็ฒใซใชใฃใฆใใๅฐ่ฑกใๅใใพใใญใใณใฃใใใใใใใชไฝๅใ่ฆณใใใชใใ
ใใใฎใจใใใใคใฟใชใขใซใฏใพใฃใฆใใพใใใซใใใตใณใน็พ่กใซใฏๆๆงใๅบๆฟใใใพใใญใ้ฃในใใฎใใใใใใใใใธใงใธใงใปใปใปใใ็พๅจใคใฟใชใขใ่ๅฐใซใใฉใใ้ฒ่กไธญใงใใๆฟใใใใใซใ้ใใฆ็ๅฝใฎๅฐใใใใผใใซไฝๅใๆใใฆใใใใใใใใฏใใฃใจๅคใใใพใใใOne question and one answer from Araki-sensei, "Feelin JOJO" final episode special!!
JOJO Q&A!!
"Jojo's Bizarre Adventures is headed in to it's 12th year! And as it's the last episode of "Feelin JOJO", we've had Araki-sensei himself appear!! He'll point blank answer some of the questions in JoJos!!
Q: Who's the strongest in the Passione?
A: Abbachio. (If we're talking about fist fighting...)
Character part
Q1: Who is the first character you came up with in the allies of part 5?
A: It's Giorno! By the way, the characters I'm most fond of is Giorno if we're talking about allies, and Pesci if we're talking about villains.
Q2: What is that thing on Abbachio's head?
A: It's a hat that acts like a hairband. The thing on Buccelatti's head is a hairpin brooch, and Mista keeps a lot of things in his hat. Mista is the kind of guy that wants to keep both hands open at all times, so he adds things to it pretty often. It also seems that he feels like it's a pain for him to carry things around too.
Side comment: The thing on Abbachio's head wasn't an eggshell after all...
Q3: Who spends the most money on their clothes?
A: Mista. His sweater is cashmere, and his pants are zebra striped leather pants! (it's suspected that it breaks the Washington Convention)
Q4: Before they met Giorno, how did Buccellati's gang earn their livelihood?
A: They received money for protecting restaurants, controlled ports, and what you would call gang work. They didn't affiliate with gambling and drug business. Of course they didn't go to school.
Q5: Do all of them have girlfriends? Also, who is the most popular and the least popular in the gang?
A: They don't have girlfriends. They are so popular it seems like they're always running away from girls. However, it seems like all of them think that "I'm the most popular"...
Q6: When looking at Fugo's pants, it looks like there's no way he could be wearing underwear but.... Does he not have underwear on?
A: It can be assumed that he's wearing the t-back like sexy things that are popular now a days.
Side comment: When you look around his waist it really does look like he's not wearing any underwear.
Q7: When they're interrogating Zucchero, what was up with Narancia and Fugo starting to dance to the music that Narancia put on?
A: They are dancing to gangster rap. As they are a gang...
Side comment: Even though we know what they are dancing to, why they started dancing is still a mystery...
JoJo's Bizarre Adventures celebrating 11 years of being published.
Q: Who is riding in Aerosmith?
A: It's Smith-san.
Side comment: Check the cockpit! The person riding in here is Smith-san!!
Q8: What does Jotaro intend to do with Giorno?
A:I haven't thought of it yet. It might be that he's just simply curious about him...?
Q9: Is Trish based off of the super model Trish Goff?
A: Good job! I'm surprised that you know this. As you thought, I'm a big fan of hers.
Stand part
Q10: Will Fugo die from the abilities of Purple Haze?
A: He would die.
Q11: What is the name of the stand that you put the key in the turtle to activate? Also, what is the name of the turtle?
A: The turtle has no name. The name of the stand is "T-Rex"... or at least I think that's what it'll be.
Q12: Can the Sex Pistols only be used with the gun that Mista has?
A: Any gun that has been fired by Mista is OK! Also, Mista is able to always hit his target with one shot, and so he doesn't need machine guns and such.
Q13: Wasn't it a rule that there's only one stand per person? There's a few that have appeared since part 4 that are a number of stands such as Harvest and Sex Pistols...
A: No, these are still just one ability, and so they're counted as one stand.
Misc. part
Q14: "JOJO" has a lot of animals(a turtle, frogs, snakes, mice, spiders and such) that appear, but how do you pick what living creatures will appear?
A: For the most part I choose animals that "Look like they're not very intelligent and seem like they're not thinking of anything."
Q15: Do they really air "Captain Tsubasa" in Italy?
A: They do! At the very least I was it being aired 2~3 years back in Italy!!
Side comment: Tsubasa playing in the turtle! Of course this isn't in Japan, it's in Italy.
Q16: If you could pick one stand to have Araki-sensei, what would you pick?
A: Hmmm, maybe Harvest because I want money... No, I want Heaven's Door instead! I'm not very good with research interviews...
Q17: What's the meaning of the "Romance horror! The crimson secret legend!"?
A: It was something the first editor added, and there's no deep meaning to it. I actually feel like we can remove it after all this time...
The road leads on to a new adventure!!
[7]2002-2009
ใจใธใใใ็ฎๆใๆ ใซใใใฎใฏใฉใใใฆ๏ผ ใๅฝๆใฎๆ ๅฝใใใจใธใใใซใใฎใใใ่ฉณใใใฃใใใงใใใใจใธใใใฎๅคๆๆธใจใ้บ่ทกใจใใฎๆๅญใ่ชญใใใใใใใใใใฏใใ๏ผใใจใใใใจใใใฃใฑใใจใธใใใฃใฆ็ฅ็ง็ใชๆใใใใใใใงใใญใๆ็ต็ฎ็ๅฐใฏใจใธใใใจใใใฎใๅ ใซๆฑบใใฆใใใใใใซใผใใๆฑบใใฆใใใพใใใใในใฟใผใในใใปใฏใซใปใคใใผในใใฎๅพใซ๏ฝคใ้ปๆณขๅฐๅนดใใง็ฟๅฒฉ็ณใๆ ใใใซใผใใๅคงไฝๅใใงใใใญใใ ใใใ้้ใฃใฆใฏใใชใใฃใใฎใใช๏ผๅๆใงใจใธใใใใขใธใขใฎๅฝใชใใใซใ่กใฃใใใฉใใใพใๅฅฝใใใใใชใใใงใ(็ฌ)ใใใณใฌใซใๆใใพใใใใฉ๏ฝคใจใธใใไบบใฏ่ฆใใใใซๆชใใใใใใณใใซในใฟใณใไฝฟใใฟใใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใใ๏ฝใใๅฅฝใใชๅฝใฏใใฃใฑใใคใฟใชใขใชใใงใใใใคใฟใชใขใซใใ่กใใใฐใไปใฎๅฝใซใฏใใ้่ผช้ใ่กใใชใใฆใใใใใใใงใใใคใฟใชใขใฏใใใฃใฑใ็พ่ก้คจใซใใใใฎใใใใใงใใๅฐๅท็ฉใจใฏ้ใฃใฆใๆๅใช็ตต็ปใฎๅฎ็ฉใใใ๏ผใใใฏไฝๅบฆใงใ่ถณใ้ใถไพกๅคใใใใพใใญใไปใฎไบบใ๏ฝคๆผๅใจใใซ่กใใฎใจๅใๆ่ฆใ ใจๆใใพใใใงใๆผๅใฏใใใฎใจใใฉใใซ้ใฃใใใใใใฉใ็พ่ก้คจใฏใใ๏ฝค็ตต็ปใฎ็ฉถๆฅตใฎๅงฟใใใใใใ ใใใไฝๅบฆใงใ่กใใใใชใใพใใใใปใดใฃใณใใจใใใญใใณใจใใๅฅฝใใงใใญใ ใใใ่ชๅใฎ็ตตๆใฏ็ฌ็นใ ใจใใใใใใงใใใฉใ่ชๅใใใใใจๅบๆฌใซๅฟ ๅฎใช็ตตใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใใซใใใตใณในใ็ตต็ปใฎใชใชใธใใซใงใใใใๅใฏใใใซๅฟ ๅฎใซๆใใฆใใใ ใใงใใ่ชๅใใใใใจใไปใฎใใณใฌๅฎถใใใฎใปใใ็ฐ็ซฏใ ใชใใจๆใใพใใญใ ใฉใใใฆๆฟๅคช้ใๅญฆใฉใณใซใใใใจๆใฃใใฎใ๏ผ ใไฝๅบฆใ่กใฃใฆใพใใใฉใใใฏใใใใใซ๏ผไธใใฎใคใกใผใธใๅผทใใๅญฆ็ๆใง็ ๆผ ใซ็ซใฃใฆใใใจใใใคใณใใฏใใไป่ใใฆใใใใใใซ๏ผไธใใฎใใฎใณใใฏใใใใใใใใฎ็ตตใใชใใฐใฉใใจใใงๅฃฒใฃใฆใใใ ใฃใใใใใฒใจใ้จๅฑใซ้ฃพใใใใงใใญใๆฅๅธธใจ้ๆฅๅธธใๅๆใซๅญๅจใใฆใใ๏ฝคใจใใใจใใใใใใใงใใใ ใๆฟๅคช้ใฎใฏใๆฎ้ใฎๅญฆ็ๆใ ใจใคใพใใชใใใงใใใใใใขใฏใปใตใชใผใไปใใใใใฆใฟใพใใใใใณใใฏใใใชๅญฆ็ๆใใใพใใใใฉใญใๅใไธญๅญฆ้ซๆ กใฏๅญฆใฉใณใงใใใใงใใๆฟๅคช้ใฟใใใชใใใช้ทใฉใณใฏ็ใฆใพใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใธใงใปใใฏใฉใใใฆ้ฃ็ถ็ปๅ ดใใ๏ผ ใใธใงใปใใฏ็ฌฌ๏ผ้จใๆฆ้ๆฝฎๆตใใจใฎๆฉๆธกใๅฝนใชใใงใใใๆฏๅใ้จใๅคใใใใจใซใๆฉๆธกใๅฝนใจๅบใใใใซใใฆใใพใใใๆฆ้ๆฝฎๆตใใฎ้ ญใซใฏในใใผใใฏใดใณใใใใฆใธใงใปใใๆฟๅคช้ใๅบทไธใปใปใปใจใใใใใซใญใใใใซใใธใงใผในใฟใผๅฎถใฏ็ญๅฝใงใไธ็ๆถฏไธไบบใฎๅฅณๆงใใๆใใชใใจ่จใใใฆใใใฉใใธใงใปใใ ใใฏไพๅคใ ใจใใ่จญๅฎใซใใใใใฃใใใงใใใๆงๆ ผ็ใซใใธใงใผในใฟใผๅฎถใฎไธญใงใฏ็ฐ็ซฏใงใใใญใ ใขใใใฅใซใฏใใฃใใใฉใใชๅฝนๅฒ๏ผ ใใขใใใฅใซใฏๅ่ฌๅฝนใงใใญใๆฌๅฝใฏ๏ฝคไธ็ชๅนดใฎใใฃใใธใงใปใใใใใชๅฝนๅใใใใใใ ใใใใฉใใธใงใปใใฎๆงๆ ผใใใใงใใชใใ ใใใจๆใฃใใใ็ปๅ ดใใใพใใใในใฟใณใใจใใๆฐใใๆฆๅฟตใ็ปๅ ดใใใใฎใงใในใฟใณใใฎไบใซใคใใฆ่ฉณใใ่งฃ่ชฌๅฝนใงใใใใพใใ ่ฑไบฌ้ขใฎๆญปใฎ็ดๅใซ็ใ็ซใกใๆใใใซใชใฃใใฎใฏ๏ผ ใ่ฑไบฌ้ขใซใฏๆฆใๅๆฉใจใใใฎใใใกใใใจ่ใใฆใใใใใฃใใ่ฑไบฌ้ขใไปฒ้ใซใชใฃใฆใใใใฃใจใใใใฏ่ใใฆใใใใงใใใๆฟๅคช้ใใธใงใปใใฏใใชใฃใๅฉใใใใใ ใใใใซใใฌใใฏๅฆนใฎไปถใใใฃใใใใใใงใ่ฑไบฌ้ขใซใฏไฝใใชใใฃใใใ๏ฝคใใฎ็็ฑใใคใใฆใใใใใฃใใๅฝใ่ณญใใฆใพใงๆฆใ็็ฑใใปใปใปๆญปใฌ้้ใซใใใๆใไบใๅบๆฅใฆใใใฃใใงใใใใฎใใจใฏใ็ฌฌ๏ผ้จใ้ป้ใฎ้ขจใใฎไปฒ้ใใกใๅใใชใใงใใใใใใฃใฉใใฃใใใฉใณใใฃใใกใฎๆฆใ็็ฑใใกใใใจใคใใฆใใใใใฃใใใ ใใใใใใใ้ๅปใฎ่ฉฑใใฉใใใฆใฎใฃใณใฐใซใชใฃใใฎใใใกใใใจ่ใใใใงใใ ใใซใใฌใใฏใ้ป้ใฎ้ขจใใซ็ปๅ ดใใใจๆใฃใฆใใ๏ผ ใใพใใใซใใฌใใฏใๆฟๅคช้ใจๅฏพ็งฐ็ใชใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใซใใใใฃใใใงใใใๆฟๅคช้ใฏใฏใผใซใงใฉใฃใใๆงใใฆใใฆใใใพใ่ตฐใใใใใใใชใใจๆฑบใใฆใใใฎใงใ่ตฐใใพใใ๏ฝค็ดๆ ็ใชใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใๆฌฒใใใฃใใ้ใจๅใงใใญใใใซใใฌใใฏใใใชใๆใใฆใฆๆฅฝใใใฃใใใๅใใใใใใฃใใงใใญใใ ใใ็ตๆ็ใซใใใชใๆดป่บใใฆใพใใใใจใ้ซชๅฝขใใใใฃใใไปใฎไปฒ้ใใกใใบใใใใใช้ ญใฐใใใ ใฃใใฎใงใใณใใฎไธญใซใใซใใฌใใใใใจใกใชใใชใๅนใใฆ็ตตใซใชใใใงใใใใในใฟใผใในใใปใฏใซใปใคใใผในใใ็ตใฃใฆ๏ฝค็ฌฌ๏ผ้จใใใคใคใขใณใใฏ็ ใใชใใใซใชใฃใฆใใ๏ฝคใใซใใฌใใฏใฉใใใฆใใใฎใจใใ่ชญ่ ใใใฎใฏใใใใจใฆใๅคใใฃใใใงใใใ ใใใ้ป้ใฎ้ขจใใงใฏใใซใใฌใใใในใฟใผใในใ๏ฝฅใฏใซใปใคใใผในใใฎๅพใใฉใใใฆใใใใๆใๆๅณใง็ปๅ ดใใใพใใใๆฟๅคช้ใจๅใใใใซใๅฝผใๆฆใฃใฆใใใใ ใใใจใใใฎใๆใใฆใใใใใฃใใ ็ฌใใฉใใใฆในใฟใณใไฝฟใใซ๏ผ ใๅใฏ๏ฝคๅผฑใใใชใคใใๅฎใฏๅผทใใจใใใฎใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใญใๅบๆฌ็ใซใใกใฃใกใใใฆใใตใคใฏใช็ฌใๅผทใใจใใใฎใฏ้ข็ฝใใใใใชใใ๏ผใจๆใฃใฆใใคใฎใผใ็ปๅ ดใใใพใใใๅฉใฃไบบใจใใฆ็พใใฆ๏ฝคไบบ้ใ ใฃใใๆฎ้ใใใชใใงใใใใใใ็ฌใ ใฃใใ้ข็ฝใใช๏ฝคใจใๆใใพใใใญใใใใคใคใขใณใใฏ็ ใใชใใใงใฏใใใใซใใใซใใ ใใใพใใใๆฌไฝใฏๅผฑใใใงใใในใฟใณใใฏๅผทใใใใใใบใใฎในใฟใณใใจใใ้ใกใผใจใใใใใงใใญใ ใใซ๏ฝฅใใผในใไปฒ้ใซใใๆฐใฏใใฃใ๏ผ ใใใซ๏ฝฅใใผในใฏใไปฒ้ใซใใใใใจๆใฃใใใใใพใใใใงใใไปฒ้ใซใชใใคใใฐใฃใใใ ใจ้ข็ฝใใชใใชใจๆใ็ดใใฆใปใปใปไปฒ้ใซใชใใใใงใชใใชใใคใใใใฆใใใใใใใชใใใจใใใซ๏ฝฅใใผในใฎๆงๆ ผใ่ใใใจใไปฒ้ใซใฏใชใใชใใงใใใใใฃใใใใใใใใชๆงๆ ผใงใใใฃใกใธใตใใตใใใฃใกใธใตใใตใใใณใฆใขใชใฟใใใชใคใใใงใใใใซ๏ฝฅใใผในใฏใใฃใจ็ปๅ ดใใใใใฃใใงใใญใใใซใใฌใใจๅใใใใ๏ฝคๅใใใใใใญใฃใฉใ ใฃใใใๆใใฆใฆ้ข็ฝใใฃใใใใจไฝๅใใ็ปๅ ดใใใฆใใใใใฃใใงใใญใ DIOใฏใใฃใใใฉใใชๅญๅจ๏ผ ใใใใกใณใใ ใใฉใใใใฎ้ ใใ๏ฝค๏ผ้จๆงๆใงใปใปใปใจใใใใจใฏ่ใใฆใใฆใ๏ผ้จใฎๆๅพใฏDIOใๅใใใ ใใใใจใฏๆผ ็ถใจๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใ่ญฆๅฏ็ฝฒ้ทใใจใใTVใใฉใใซใใชใฃใๅฐ่ชฌใใใฃใฆใไปฃใ ่ญฆๅฏ็ฝฒ้ทใฎๅฎถ็ณปใฎ่ฉฑใชใใงใใใใใใงใใๆๅใซใใใไบไปถใๅญๅญซใ่งฃๆฑบใใใใใฆใใใใใใใใใใใฃใใใงใใๅใฎใธใงใผในใฟใผๅฎถใซๅฏพใใฆใใทใชใผใบๅ จใฆ้ใใฆๆชใฎๅญๅจใDIOใๅงๅ็ใชๆชใใในใฟใผใในใ๏ฝฅใฏใซใปใคใใผในใใงDIOใฏๅใใใพใใใใฉใใใฎๅพใฎ็ฉ่ชใงใใDIOใฎๆชใฎ็ฒพ็ฅใฏๆฎใฃใฆใใฆใปใปใปใธใงใผในใฟใผๅฎถใฏไปฃใ ใใใฎ้ชๆชใช็ฒพ็ฅใจๆฆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใในใใผใณ๏ฝฅใชใผใทใฃใณใใงใใDIOใฏๅบใฆใใพใใใ๏ฝคDIOใๆฎใใ้ชๆชใช็ฒพ็ฅใจๅพๅซใฏๆฆใฃใฆใใพใใDIOใๆใๆใฏใใใคใๆฐๅใๅ ฅใใพใใใญใDIOใๅบใฆใใใจใ้ฐๅฒๆฐใใชใใๅคใใใใงใใใญใใใณใฌใฎไธญใฎ็ฉบๆฐใใใใๅผตใใคใใใจใใใใปใปใปใ็ใ็ฉๆฌๆฅใฎๅผฑ่ๅผท้ฃใฎไธ็ใใใใใจใDIOใฎใใฃใฆใใใจใฏๆญฃใใใใจใชใใงใใไบบ้ใ็ใๅปถใณใฆใใใใใใใใใใซไฝใฃใ ใ็คพไผใฎๅธธ่ญใจใใใใจใใใฏๅคใใฆใพใใใฉใญใๅผฑ่ๅผท้ฃใฎไธ็ใใ่ใใใจใDIOใฏๆฎ้ใฎ่กๅใใใฆใใใDIOใๆใๆใฏ๏ฝค่ชๅใDIOใฎๆฐๆใกใซใชใฃใฆใพใใใปใปใปใใใชใใจใใใจใๅ็คพไผ็ใ ใฃใฆใใใใใใใใใชใใใฉใใใๆๅณDIOใฏ่ชๅใฎๆงใใฎๅญๅจใงใ(็ฌ)ใ[8] |
Kira Yoshikage is obviously a pun on Killer, and of course Killer Queen. Regarding how his name is spelled, the reason I use ๅ่ฏ (Kira), and ๅๅฝฑ (Yoshikage) is because I love alliteration.
I love Kira's personality. He is always calm and tries to keep a low profile. He consistently does his best to live a quiet life, which includes secretly killing women and always having a hand to hold (literally). The way he keeps a record of the length of his nails is similar to things I do, like keeping track of my blood pressure. He knows and admits his quirks and usually knows what he's doing; he understands that there is no way to stop him. I admire him so much except for the fact he kills.
You know the photo of Kira with his parents? I thought I'd describe his childhood and all he had gone through, but decided against it as I figured Kira's childhood would have made the readers feel sorry for him. That's not good; after all, he is the main villain Josuke has to face. Instead of trying to illustrate it fully, I tried to hint how his childhood was like, such as the fact his parents are old. Another is his mom in the photo, doesn't she look somehow strange?
- In Deadman's Questions, I hid the fact that the main character was Kira until the very end of the story because I didn't want core fans to read though the story with the image of Kira in mind.
- Why did Kira's father have the bow and arrow?--He received it from DIO.
- I never planned for Cinderella being Kira's ticket to survival. I usually deal with the plot on a weekly basis.
- With Kira's death, I wanted to make Morioh seem "eternal". In my mind, Morioh just stayed the same, so things such as "what happen to Josuke afterwards," aren't that important. Amoungst all the bosses in the JoJo series, I love Kira best.
- About Josuke's hairstyle...my editor said it was "out of fashion." That comment made my day, though it would be more challenging for me to describe Josuke's personality.
Full Interview
Before we talk about Kira, lets talk about the town of Morioh.
It is modelled after a new residential development built close to where I grew up. Back then, I was looking at these new buildings and felt a sort of anxiety as opposed to admiration. โWas everything really going well [in there]?โ
Looking from the outside, you see all these warm lights in the houses, but you have no idea what people are doing inside. These houses that looked the same were being built and they all looked pristine and happy. Doesnโt that sort of make you feel like a Kira might be [lurking] there? (laughter)
With โDiamond is Unbreakableโ my theme was to build out a town. I wanted to draw the humor and spookiness that might be lurking the peripheries of everyday life. Even myself now, there might be bizarre things going on if I just change my point of view.
I was also very influenced by the novels of Stephen King. I was reading them a lot in the 80โs and 90โs, but I especially liked โMiseryโ. The stage is fixed and you just keep delving deeper and deeper within it. Back then I read a lot of King novels.
Also with Part 4, I got to bring in a lot of my own tastes into the work so that was fun. Games, shops, Italian restaurants! With Tonioโs store, I paid a lot of attention to what I was drawing down to the ornaments. It was great bringing that into the fold tooโฆ Research was also really easyโI just had to go home to Sendai (laughter) I would just go back, take a few pictures at a souvenir shop and draw them inโall within the realm of not being scolded [for frivolous travel] of course!
Also, Josukeโs hairstyle, even my editor pushed back being like โPlease draw a main character suited for the eraโ. But I thought it was good because he wasnโt. The way he cares about his hairstyle, itโs very โ70โs~80โs delinquentโ-like isnโt it? But when you go to the countryside, you occasionally see people like that (laughter) When I was a student, I would stay away from people like that because they scared me, but now thereโs almost something endearing about them.
So it seems that when we remixed the comics, there were 7 volumes just dedicated to episodes related to Kira. I myself was like โWow, did I really draw that much of him?โ
One of the themes of โDiamond is Unbreakableโ is that Horror may be lying right behind our everyday lives. The reason for that is because I liked reading books on serial killers back in the 80โsโthis is right before โSilence of the Lambsโ would be published and that became a trendโand I wanted to understand what the motivation of serial killers were. Why would you be born a human and do things like this? Those types of questions really interested me and the actions of these people I found really spooky.
So when I started drawing out โeveryday lifeโ, I had an initial assumption that a serial killer would be the enemy. A sort of different enemy from โStardust Crusadersโ, one that lies in wait. The โStardust Crusaderโ enemies came rushing in, but [I was thinking of] an enemy that would sort of lure you inโฆ Eventually I was thinking of drawing something like that, but I wasnโt imagining Kira Yoshikage as a specific character from the start.
The first enemies were student-level enemies like Okuyasu and Keicho, also the guitarist Otoishi Akiraโat first I was thinking of student level, delinquent level enemies. The reason for that being that I didnโt want to make a sort of โGreatest enemyโ. When you create a โGreatest enemyโ to be overcome, to be the goal, the readers canโt focus on anything besides that. I didnโt want that to become a weakness in the work. For every story I wrote, I wanted the attention to be on whatโs happening right now.
But it seems โJojoโ readers really wanted a โGreatest enemyโ of some sort, I guess DIO gave off too strong an impactโฆ. so when it seemed like the end was in sight, I thought up of Kira.
The name Kira is of course from โKillerโโso a murderer. Its very simple (laughter) The name โYoshikageโโฆ I wanted the first kanji of both names to be the same. Same with Jojo right? So it might be easy to remember if I aligned it around the letter โๅโ. That;s all. But it sounded right.
The first appearance, I drew from the PoV of Kira. I wanted to draw something from the point of view of the antagonist. Up until this point, I only wrote the villains from the point of view of the protagonistsโthe villains as seen by the protagonists. But antagonist has a point of view as well, and I wanted to draw what their mental state might be. Why does Kira commit murders? And I wanted to draw that in a fashion where he stays an antagonist and doesnโt become a protagonist.
So I didnโt want to make him a very sympathetic character. When you read about the young lives of these serial killers, you often see that they lived unhappy childhoods. But if you start drawing that out, they become useless as antagonists. So I took care to cut out those parts as best I could when building his character. That took a bit of work.
For DIO, he had a thing about becoming a pinnacle over humanity right? But Kira is pursuing true human happiness. Thatโs why he hates trouble. He just wants to live in a world of his own interests, and thatโs what makes him dangerous (laughter) But he might have an philosophy of his ownโฆ The enemies up until that point like DIO and Kars were all aiming for the topโit might have been symbolic of the Japanese economy up until that point, like the bubble economy (laughter). Back in those days, DIOโs might have been the more natural mindset and you might unconsciously sympathize more with that.
When I was drawing Kira, what people were looking for was tranquility. The idea that happiness is not about standing on top of others. Kiraโs awards since he was a middle schooler were all for the #3 spot. Not #1 or #2, but #3. Not conspicuous, but still respectful. He himself has the talent to become #1. But standing out, making enemies, being chased, feeling pressure, feeling expectations he canโt handle that at all. There might be a lot of adults who think like that, but itโll be creepy if someone was thinking that when theyโre a kid right? Itโs much cuter for kids to be like โIโm going to become #1!โ That sort of abnormality was what I wanted to draw, that sort of odd genius.
Killing Sugimoto Reimi when he was 18, that was Kiraโs first murder. Itโs around the same time Jotaro and his companions fought DIO. Maybe that was a sort of year when the stars aligned. A year of destiny. Josuke was saved by the man with the pompadour that year too, so a lot of things went on.
His first murder, it was probably by impulse. By chance, he saw Reimi and snuck into her houseโฆ and that changed his fate. If not for that incident, he might not have lived a happy life without killing, but the stars steered him wrong. And from there, you canโt shake fate. His first murder went a long time without being uncovered. You read about serial killers and how they have dozens of bodies buried under the floor. You wonder how that happens without being uncovered, but thatโs really scary right? Maybe its driven by the apathy of the neighborsโฆ With that first murder, Kira became destined to kill 48 people.
Kiraโs background of bottling up his nailsโฆ that was inspired from a real life story of someone who preserved his nails to monitor his own condition and stress levels. That person is not a serial killer (laughter) That nail story was interesting, and I remembered it. It seemed like something Kira might doโฆ โWhen my nails have grown x millimeters, Iโm doing great!โ โThis is when I can never be caught!โ I feel like I do something similarโฆ I measure my blood pressure and read from it my condition. Sometimes I feel invincible when the readings are good. There might be athletes who do that tooโฆ not with nails of course. Kira just does a sorta-creepy version of that (laughter)
Now for Kiraโs family, do you remember that scene where you see a picture of Kiraโs family, I put a lot of thought into drawing that. Itโs not a fun-looking family, but it also looks sort of peacefulโฆ and thatโs creepy. The father and mother appears close to each other, but also distant. They probably havenโt ever really had a major fight either. When you read about a serial killerโs life, you feel chills when you come across a picture of them as a child. I wanted to imbue that picture with a bit of that feeling.
Now Kiraโs father, he was a strange person. Not quite a criminal, but considered odd. He probably knew his son was a murderer and went ahead hiding his crimes. Of course, Kiraโs father went to Egypt and obtained the bow and arrow from Enya to protect his son. Right around then, DIO was looking for allies around the world and Kiraโs father was one of those accepted as having potential by him. The same for Okuyasuโs father. People who had been scouted by DIO were all around the world, and even among them, Kiraโs father and Okuyasuโs father may have had extra attention paid to them as they were in Japan along with Jotaro. For the mother, I havenโt drawn anything about her at all, but I think she may have done a sort of โabusive coddlingโ towards Kira. Thatโll be scary right?
Even now, I wonder if I should have drawn out Kiraโs relationship with his parents in more depth. But I had to cut it out with much reluctanceโฆ or maybe I should say that I didnโt have the courage to draw that out. Like I said before, I didnโt want to detail Kiraโs past too much. I didnโt want the readers to look at Kira and his father and think โthese are actually very sad charactersโ. I drew out Kiraโs mental state when killing, but if I started delving into the fundamental reason why he kills, Kira becomes a sort of sympathetic characterโฆ if you start emphasizing with Kira thatโs not really appropriate for a Shonen manga. I didnโt want readers to feel sympathy. That may be the hardest thing about drawing out Kira. Although I think I might have been able to add another two or three volume if I started delving into Kiraโs mental state, his motivations and his relationship with his parents.
Iโm really interested in familial relationsโฆ the Joestar bloodline is about families too after all. When I draw a character, I start wondering about their parents or siblings. It might be because I was influenced by my parents and sisters a lot. When follow that trail, when you draw out an antagonist I start wondering what influences he got from his family. But if you start delving into that personโs background, you start straying from the theme. Thereโs so much you could draw out. Even DIO had a lot of influence from his father. But because this is a weekly serial manga, its always difficult to decide how to cut that out. I mean, you only have 19 pages to draw on a week. Thatโs no space at all. You basically just have to take one idea and run with it. But even then it wonโt fit, so I have to think hard about how I might condense two pages down to oneโฆ
Kira was cornered once and had to flee. Some people thought that might be the end of Part 4, but I was always planning on reviving him. His flight is equivalent to DIOโs resurrection. You think heโs lost, but then he surges backโฆ around there was I really felt a sort of vitality from him. A different sort of vitality from DIO. DIOโs is merely a biological vitality, but Kira was able to tap into the world of a sort of spiritual or mental strength. At that point, Kira trumped Josuke and his friends in spiritual strength. Itโs because he had that resurrection that Kira became such a great antagonist. If he had given up then, he would have been a no-go.
I didnโt think at all about using Cinderella to change his appearance. When he was cornered and I was thinking hard about how Kira might escape, lighting struck me and I realized โhey I could just use Cinderella which I wrote about last episode!โ Iโm basically thinking at a week-by-week interval and never about what happens after that. I donโt know about Jump manga these days, but itโs all about how I make this week interesting for me.
I also like that part after this where Kira becomes a โfatherโ as Kawajiri Kosaku. Thereโs a P.K. Dick novel about an alien masquerading as a father in a family; I wanted to draw something like that. Only the son knows that heโs an alienโฆ those types of stories are fun. Those episodes are written from the point of view of the son Kawajiri Hayato, and I think it was good as it changed up the pace. After that you had a few Kira point of view stories and you saw that wife falling in love with Kira. I guess itโs plausible that you might grow to love someone if theyโve actually changed, but falling in love with a serial killer, thatโs sort of abnormal too and good.
At the end, the son discovers his secret and Kira discovers a new ability. Thatโs an extension of his resurrection. Itโs impossible to stick around in Jojo with the same ability, you have to power up. The youngling who develops into something greater is a common archetype in Shonen. Itโs one of the things I feel are a โmust haveโ in a story. Josuke and Jotaro are sort of โcompletedโ characters so itโs difficult to draw a development scene for them, but Koichi-kun and Kawajiri Hayato fit that type. To see Kira also grow in parallel to them is an atypical way of fulfilling a Shonen stereotype.
On โBites the dustโ ability. When you start thinking around the theme of time or rather time travel thereโs a lot of variations you can delve into like stopping time, rewinding timeโฆ So its sort of like me passing on ideas I wasnโt able to use for DIO. I like the idea of time manipulation. I did something like that with โGolden Windโ and โStone Oceanโ.
Writing the โBites the Dustโ episodes were fun. It felt like I was assembling a puzzle or building a game. But because the same time was incremented so many times, I became concerned with whether the readers would follow along. I said this before too, but given that I only have 19 pages a week, I started wondering if this was appropriate for a Weekly manga. A weekly serial has build up story tension within those 19 minutes then pass it along to the next week. Itโs a lot of work, but I see those as the rules I have to work within.
In the end, Kira dies after having been run over by an ambulance, and his face was obliterated and nobody could tell who he is.
With โDiamond is Unbreakableโ โฆ with the town of Morioh, I wanted to trap it into a world of โeternityโ. Like would the wife have been happy if she knew that her husband was no longer the same person? If she realized it, it would be a bit boring right? So I was fine with that state continuing forever and no answer being resolved. Within myself, Morioh will forever be in that state. What happened to Josuke after the series? I donโt think about that at all. Morioh is โeternalโ.
I drew Kira also in a spinoff called โDeadmanโs Qโ. Being trapped in an โeternalโ world with his soul being unable to go to heaven or hell, I thought that might be a form of suffering or punishment too. The same thing with Diavolo in โGolden Windโ, but it might be a punishment to be trapped within eternity. In the commentary for the short story collection [โUnder Eecution, Under Jailbreakโ] I wrote that I was tearing up as I drew the story (laughter) I was very invested in Kira. I almost understood his feelings, if only he hadnโt committed murderโฆ I didnโt draw it at the time, but thinking back on it I feel that he might have been person with the burden of sadness too.
Out of all the villains Iโve drawn so far, Kira is my favorite. I like DIO tooโฆ but more than DIO. Because he was seeking a quiet life and wasnโt a character you would see often in a shonen manga, I was very investedAfterword written in the last volume of the second printing of Stone Ocean translated by twitter user @macchalion from the Japanese volume
The truth is, I donโt really know what to say about this. Writing this sixth part of โJojoโs Bizarre Adventure - Stone Oceanโ, I started feeling a great sense of satisfaction regarding the standโs powers. I felt like I had reached the peak of my creativity, as an author I had drawn everything my capabilities allowed. โTimeโ that got faster and faster for humansโ senses to perceive, getting closer to the concept of infinite โ given we canโt really comprehend much of it. How could there possibly be a stand power bigger than this? โThereโs nothing more incredible, my creativity has reached the highest pointโ, thatโs what I thought. I normally think that feelings like a sense of satisfaction or personal realization are extremely scary. Finding yourself in a situation where you think everythingโs going well and you donโt need to do anything more is without doubt a terrible situation, as a person and as a mangaka, but also if we think about society and the development of science, philosophy, art and culture in general. People act to achieve something, to obtain satisfaction above all else, but what do they do when they reach it? This contradictory feeling crept up my heart while I was coming up with an ending for โStone Oceanโ.
Jolyne Cujoh, our protagonist, felt a deep void in her heart too because she was missing the paternal love that brought her to befriend the shady guy that caused her to be imprisoned, after causing a car accident. But whatโs important is the progress she makes because of that, because of the actions she has to do to save her father she becomes the strong woman she is. If we look at this story as a telling of the protagonistโs growth, her story had ended. So know what should I do for the accomplishment of this manga? In other words, I donโt have anything more to draw. Itโs over. โJojoโs Bizarre Adventureโ has reached its summit.
This is โStone Oceanโ.
The end.
But this is not right, not at all, it feels wrong. The fact that Iโm feeling accomplished should not be a good thing.
Itโs like a red light is in front of me, what should I do?
This is what I was thinking then, until I had an idea.
Go back to the origins! Isnโt this how Renaissance happened in Italy, going back to Greeks and Romans concepts in classic art? The French painter Gauguin also built a whole new painting going back the origins that Tahiti represented for him.
Your thoughts about your 25th anniversary as an author?
I think that it was a very quick 25 years. But when I look back at my work...it's kind of like the stuff around the Phantom Blood era is the work of someone else. Yeah, that's what I honestly feel. So, when I read it I can kind of read it objectively; I can read it as though I was a fan.
Do you read back on your old work?
Not very much, but if there's a game or something released like now, I'll read back and think "Ohh, so I was writing this kind of stuff?" Once the stands started coming out, I often forget about some characters. Someone will mention a guy and I'll be like, "Who was that again?" and I'll read back and say "Ohh yeah there was that guy." Kind of like that. The readers know more than me.
Next year will be the 20th anniversary of JoJo.
Well, they let me debut on the New Year's of '82 but that still felt a bit vague to me. I couldn't really imagine myself as a manga artist; it wasn't clear on what kind of manga artist I was going to be. It was like I just was incidentally awarded the Tezuka Award, it wasn't really like I was aiming to win it. So that was kind of when I began training. And...when I look at the other Jump artists manga, they all had their own distinct styles. So the period when I was thinking about what style and what kind of manga I should draw was right before JoJo. I sort of feel that I finally became a pro with JoJo; it was like everything opened up in front of my eyes.
How was "JoJo" born?
I liked movies and at the time Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger were popular. They're both muscular characters and their bodies are covered in muscle, which made me think to myself "I wonder who the strongest person in the world is?" This question was basically the beginning of the idea of JoJo. Themes such as immortality, seeking life, justice and things that humans innately seek spawned from this and eventually lead to the creation of Part one. So basically stuff to do with immortality and super macho guys and how strong they can get; that was what I was pursuing. Also, I had gone on a trip to Italy about 2 years before that and you may already know but, the art in Italy kind of strives for human beauty. When I saw the original artworks, it made me want to do the same.
The origin of the name "JoJo"
I wonder if it's okay to say this..? Umm, the place I used to hold meetings with the editor was at a local family restaurant in my neighborhood called Jonathan's. We were thinking of making the name "Jonathan" Something, and you know how a name can be two S's like Steven Spielberg? I wanted something like that so I thought "Well if it's Jonathan then it'll start with J so...Joestar should be okay." But that was really adventurous for a Shonen manga because it was taboo to have a foreigner as a main character; it was that kind of era. It was a big adventure so I was really grateful to my editor at the time.
Regarding the birth of the arch nemesis, Dio
He's full of confidence, very arrogant and he's aiming to become a God, or top of the world. Because of this, I used the Italian word, 'Dio,' that is used to refer to a God, as well as the 'Dio' that plays Heavy Metal. I like Heavy Metal and Rock so I used those as a reference to make characters. They're also characters that I created to signify 'black and white' or good and evil.'
Part 1:Phantom Blood
What were your initial ideas?
Back when I started drawing part one, I liked stories that went over several generations like 'East of Eden' and the show 'Roots' that they did on TV. The lead character changes but it kinda continues; it's something like an American periodical drama or periodical novel. And I don't think it was very Jump-like in style but I thought that it might be good to go where nobody else had before.
There's also a manga that I really respect called Babel II by Yokoyama Mitsuteru which has fights that follow rules. I also wanted fights that followed rules in JoJo, so the Hamon was one of those things. Also, you can't see psychic abilities right? Like if you concentrate your mind and something breaks, you can't really see it. But it's a manga so I thought I should be able to draw it and try and make it easy for readers to know what kind of psychic powers they were, which is how I came up with the ripple. It kind of spread from that like how ripples slowly spread, no pun intended. (Slowly is 'jojo' in Japanese)
When I look at him now, I think Jonathan is too much of a good boy. If I was to draw him now, I'd probably show more of the weaknesses of his heart too.
Part 2: Battle Tendency
Was Joseph's personality affected by Part one?
One more thing that you weren't supposed to do in those days was to let your main character die. That was another forbidden act. We had a discussion as to whether that will happen first and it was eventually decided in a meeting that we'd kill the main character. Because of this, I had to drastically change the story's characters and portray events that I didn't show in part one in part two and then similarly portray events I didn't show in part two in part three. That was my plan. I had a story devised up until part three, but because the story convention required Part 2 to be different to Part 1, I created Joseph. He does share similarities to Jonathan though in that he is also a muscle type.
Was it always your plan to revive Dio in Part 3?
I really wanted to draw him being dead for awhile and then coming back to life, but if I was to do that I needed something to happen in between (Part 2). Yeah.
Part 3: Stardust Crusaders
How was the process of changing from Ripples to Stands?
I tried portraying the ripple through pictures and I also tried portraying the psychic ability of Stands with pictures too but, how should I say it... I wanted to have punches from here (away from body). I had a meeting for it where I was asked, "What are you going to do next? You can't use the Ripple anymore." But when I said, "Well, a punch comes out of here (referring to the front of the body) and breaks stuff," they'd be confused and wouldn't understand me. So I was like, how should I say this...? Well, there's a thing like a guardian spirit and...it comes out and attacks." That's how I explained what the new ability would be and nobody would understand what I was on about. I told them that I think I could create alot of characters this way; I could make like a green colored punch or a sharp thing spawn and make them fight. Unlike the ripple, I can do lots of variations. That's how I started with Stands, though I originally thought that people who read it at first wouldn't know what's going on. Stands gave me alot of trouble when it came to explaining them, but I really felt that I could keep inventing new characters and ideas this way forever. It was like I dug up a gold mine. No one else thought it was gold, but I was like "Wow, look what I dug up!"
Part 4: Diamond is Unbreakable
What were your ideas from Part 4 and onwards?
Part 3 was a story that had the shape of a role playing game. It's like a board game where you go here and there. There's a book called "Around the World in 80 Days," which I made Part 3's story with that as an influence. If that's the case, then enemies have to be types that come and attack Jotaro themselves, though they might be waiting for them too. So when i was thinking of ideas I thought of people that were willing to wait in their positions for a long time: like people that live in houses and attack when customers arrive, people with personalities like trapdoor spiders. I had a lot of these ideas left over and so I thought that I could probably use all of them within a single town. There were various incidents back then such as a serial killing incident that sent huge shockwaves across Japan. The feeling of your neighbor possibly being a serial killer was the perfect atmosphere, so I used that idea when positioning lots of Stand users around the town. That's basically how Part 4 was born and you can see how it's different from part 3. Making Part 3 different to Part 2, and making Part 4 different to part 3...is the way JoJo was made.
Up until Part 3, the setting was in an imaginary, mythical kind of world but for Part 4 I drew an everyday world so I feel more closeness to Josuke, which is why I like him the most. I found it really fun to write, it was like he became a friend of sorts. Jotaro, however, is someone that you admire, like a hero from a mythical tale. But Josuke seems more like a friend or a senior.
Josuke is supposed to be the child of a lover but...?
Yes, he is. If I could write more of Part 4, I'd like to explore that more specifically. You would probably develop some complicated ways of thinking if you were a child of a lover and Josuke was also meeting his dad for the first time in a while, so I'd like to write more in depth about that. If I had the opportunity to write that, I would really like to. Part 4 isn't really finished yet. If I decided to continue it, I could as much as I want.
Part 5: Vento Aureo
Why did you make the hero Dio's son?
Oh yes right. In part 5, he's not really a blood relative...well kind of. I find great importance in the upbringing and background of the characters. Stuff like what kind of place they were born, and what their parents were like. If I know that then it makes it easier to understand and write. That's what I do it for, so I find bloodlines very important. It might seem like a bit of a stretch, but that's how Part 5 started. During Part 4, the editor said to me, "Are you able to draw sadness?" But life is a sad thing though isn't it? He asked me if I could draw that, and initially I said that it wasn't really my style but during Part 5, I suddenly felt to urge to draw just that. Like the sadness of being ostracized by society but still having a sense of justice. That was what I tearfully wrote for Vento Aureo.
Part 6: Stone Ocean
You once said that you can't draw females.
Back then, it was an era when it was unthinkable to have a female character taking punches and in JoJo, arms can go flying if you're not careful. I felt that I wasn't able to draw that with female characters and the readers wouldn't be able to keep up. As I grew older, the difference between genders became less important, and I started to feel that I could actually draw a tough female. What I came up with was Stone Ocean, whose takes place in a prison setting.
About the end of Part Six
The last boss in JoJo has to be made incredibly strong. And I already made Dio stop time, so I figured the readers wouldn't be happy unless I thought of something even stronger. That factor had become a bubble-like situation and so I thought what would happen if you sped up time really fast, and ended up going full circle. Your brain goes strange when you think about infinity.
What are your thoughts regarding time?
It's mysterious isn't it? If you think about time, it feels mysterious and possibly the ultimate power if you could control it. My thought process involved coming up with this ultimate power and then thinking up how on earth you'd defeat it. Even while writing JoJo I myself often thought, "Oh...they're going to lose this one, they can't possibly win." But thinking about how it will be done is how I go about making this, so even now I still think about the question from Part 1, "Who is the strongest person in the world." I find that there's a great deal of romance there.
Manga Artist Araki HiroHiko
About drawing old characters.
I really find it hard being asked to draw previous characters. I wonder why that is..? I just get really tired. First, I have to try and draw the essence of my older style and then I have to fuse it with my current style, which made drawing the cover of this game really tiring. Though I did end up drawing it anyways after telling them that I can't draw older characters.
Second, artwork always changes; for example, I said before that muscular characters were really popular in the 80's but that wasn't really the case anymore in the 90's. I think it's strange to keep drawing muscular people if that's the case. So when I started on a new chapter back then I made Giorno Giovanna quite thin to be like a normal sized person. From around the time of Josuke, I decided to change from a mythical kind of person to a more ordinary size. That's the kind of way that artwork changes. Well, that's what I think. Also, I don't know about my art getting better. You could say that I was bad at the beginning though. I don't really try to keep it like my older styles; they're pictures that I've drawn in a classical kind of method, so I don't really mind if it changes.
About the game's cover
Well I first imaged it as having the ripple, but I was requested to have Dio and Jonathan fighting with the stone mask but I basically tried to bring the stone mask to the front more. The stone mask is like the game's emblem or the game's mark, so I put water and ripples over the background to lessen its impact. Usually, the main character is right at the front for package illustrations but I kind of made it the opposite of that.
About the poses.
The poses are influenced from Italian sculptures. I really like the way the bodies are twisted and it makes me want to turn them into a drawing. Also, you might not understand unless you're a person that draws, but the pelvis moves up and down and that's what I find fun. Like doing this... and stuff like if you move your wrist than you move up here. (Hand gestures) It's fun to draw while you theorize about that. Well for example, I'll show you here...If you put weight down on your right leg like this, your left shoulder drops and stuff. Or if you raise this hip, you go like this; it all moves oppositely. If you raise one hip then a shoulder goes down. If you concentrate on it you'll notice it, I found that about the human body very interesting and I really find it fun putting that into a drawing.
Also, it's not related but I actually enjoy drawing skin getting peeled. So I had alot of fun when drawing Koichi turning into a book. Not because it's grotesque but I think it's because I have to theorize what it might be like. It's strange. Also, things like what would happen if you bend a finger this way. You can make it possible by drawing. I think those are the kind of things I like, though I like drawing the poses too.
About the unique 'sound words'.
Oh, right. They're influenced from horror movies and rock music. In progressive rock and horror music, they use synthesizers and an instrument called a mellotron and sometimes I really want the tinkly kind of sound it produces for some scenes. Also stuff like "Chwween" and "Kyun Kyun Kyun!" You know how they often have noises like that in horror moves? I get the feeling of wanting those in my work. So I just write them out using letters and they naturally become the sound words I use, and I'm not really conscious of it.
Is the model of Kishibe Rohan yourself?
Everyone I meet for the first time thinks that I'll be like Rohan, so it's a bit of nuisance. I once thought about just acting like that character but that is something I aspire instead and I'm sorry if I break anyone's dreams, but I'm not really like that. Everyone comes into my house a little bit frightened. Sorry, but I'll use this to change my image now.
Do you lick spiders like Rohan?
Well, I do sometimes try eating some unusual things. If they tell me that it's edible cooking then I'll eat it, but... (Laughs)
Themes Embedded in Araki's Work
The theme of JoJo that continues for 20 years?
To not negate human beings. What I mean by that is is to have positive thinking characters that don't stress about things going wrong. They're not allowed to stress. They believe strongly in what they do. Even if its a bad guy doing bad things, those actions are very important to him and he'll use that to move one step forward. Then in response, the hero comes to defeat that. When they both step out forwards they'll then conflict. That's what I find interesting. I don't think it's interesting as a Shonen manga if the hero feels some sort of empathy for the villain. For example, with the character Yoshikage Kira, he's a serial killer but I think that he had his own proper reasons for doing so, such as the poor environment of his childhood, his relationship with his mother and his father always ignoring him. But if I write that you start to feel sorry for Kira, and so despite being such a horrible villain, when Josuke fights him, I think he'll kind of feel sorry for him. But then Kira says that he's fine being that way and moves one step up. That's what I like. That's the reason why I really like Kira. Although he may have had a bad childhood and turned into a serial killer, I always hope that he tries his best at being one. I can't really say that out loud much though. I'm secretly a fan of his. So living with a postive outlook like that is the theme of JoJo. It's a 'celebration of humanity.' To make humans positive. There may be conflicts because of that but that sort of thing is a theme.
Will that remain to be the theme?
Yes, probably. I said this before but I think that if the villains weak, it'll definitely be a boring story. They may be that way in real life but its better if its not in a manga like this. Yes...so I don't think it'll change.
A finale message to the fans
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Phantom Blood is a piece that I created 20 years ago and it really feels nostalgic. I'm really thankful that it has been adapted like this after 20 years.I find it more special than a recent and currently serialized one being adapted because it makes me think that it really has been appreciated for 20 years. So I would really like to express my gratitude and say thank you very much. I hope you really enjoy it. I've properly checked the game myself and I've given it my guarantee.[11]
"To be honest becoming a mangaka was my childhood dream. When I was about 9, I was drawing all the time at school and my friends I was showing my drawings to, like them a lot. It gaves me the bravery and desire to try my luck in that field. And after at universty I could participate in a contest which allowed me to begin my career as a mangaka."
"When I was young in the early 70's there was a huge amount of manga that I liked. My favorite ones being those with stories dealing about sports, horror, and even sci-fi. Therefore I was inspired by all of this to create my own stories. I'm not sure but still I consider having been inspired a lot of by the works of my elders and I reckon my work wouldn't be what it is "without them. Anyhow I'm still attached to the past of manga and there is still today influence by the authors I'd read as a teenager."
"What I've been trying to do when I started manga was to make evolve the drawing which was somehow too flat, but from the 80's on mangakas started to inspire from Michaelangelo's work. The generation of mangaka I belong to was inspired much by the artists like Michaelangelo or some French painters in order to create characters whose physical aspects was more striking."
(On Tetsuo Hara, I suppose) "The fact that our drawings look alike is very easy to explain. We started at about the same period in the early 80's and it was then too that movies starring Sylvester Stallone or Arnold Schwarzenegger started to come to Japan and all these action movies were big hits there. Actually I reckon we wanted to make manga starring macho characters, with big muscles and fighting all the time, a bit like the heroes of the action movies."
"Before the 5th part I reckon, the story was too long so I'll try to make them shorter now."
"The new generation of mangaka is about 10 years younger than me, so they've read Jojo in their childhood, and so it's normal that it has inspired them."
"What I've been trying to do when I started Jojo is to implement a powerful and invisible force which would overcome my characters during the fights. So the idea of stand came to me by thinking of shintoism, which teaches us that our ancestors are always by our side to protect us."
"It's a real pain in the ass for me trying to show the good side of some of my bad guys as it's always very hard. I'd rather go for a more stereotyped approach where I create a hero who will fundamentally be good and to make it balanced, oppose him to a truly evil being."
"About the animรฉ nothing is planned so far but maybe in the future the 5th part will be adapted to TV too." (!?)
"I've no experience as a prisoner myself but I've visited jails and made researches on the subject to make my scenario credible and I've no real mesage to pass on except maybe the condition of mangaka regarding to their editors. Every week I've to hand in 20 new pages to mine. I work simply, on friday I imagine what's next in the story and write the scenario, then from saturday to tuesday I create the drawings, so normally I've two days off a week, but I mainly use them to imagine the sories of weeks to come."
"I deal with the main drawing but my assistants are the ones who deal with the details. And if I can be here today it's only because I've just finished the 6th part so I'm entitled to a few holidays. But the rest of the time I'm very busy." [12]December 29, 2006
ARAKI HIROHIKO & NEKOI TSUBAKI SPECIAL TALK From the xxxHolic reading guide, new edition.
Araki: My meeting with CLAMP was quite interesting. Though I don't know if it's all right to say this.
Nekoi: It's fine, please go ahead. *laughs*
Araki: By coincidence they frequent the same beauty salon as my wife. So apparently she was chatting with the beautician saying "My husband draws manga," and they told her "We have other clients who are mangaka too."
Nekoi: That's right. Then I heard that Araki-sensei's wife was there and basically it turned into a huge deal.
Araki: We live quite close so said "Why not come over sometime if you like?" and that's how it started.
Nekoi: But really, I've only met Sensei four or fives times in total up to now. And it was always the four of us as a group, so I think this is the first time we've had a one-to-one conversation. I'm really nervous.
Araki: Come to think of it, at first I believed CLAMP were male. I thought it was a man pretending to be a woman in order to draw in a girlish style. [2] And then I heard rumours that it was several people collaborating and not just one person, and I thought, What the hell? There were too many pieces of information flying around, I couldn't make sense of it. It was pretty mysterious.
NEKOI TSUBAKI'S FASCINATION WITH ARAKI'S SLIGHTLY ALIEN WORK
Nekoi: It was really very early on that I encountered Sensei's work and thought "Wow, I love this person's manga" - with Devil Boy BT.
Araki: BT! I got into so much trouble with the editors for that one. They said right off the title was impossible, there's no way you can run a manga called "Devil Boy" in Shounen Jump, and that the main character was evil. I had to explain that it was essentially a rehash of Sherlock Holmes and in the end somehow I convinced them.
Nekoi: That's amazing, it was that difficult then. I couldn't have imagined but there was something alien about it I found as a child, I think, and that fascinated me.
Araki: Really though, the 70s were a period in the manga world where you had to develop to set yourself apart from the crowd. That was the tide, to go where no one else had gone before. I worked hard on that, so it makes me very happy to be told someone liked it.
Nekoi: I loved it!
Araki: Thank you very much! But, to think those readers back then have become what they are now... it's amazing. They even criticized my work. *laughs*
Nekoi: Please don't say things that sound so awful~
Araki: They crowded up and were like "Why did you do such a thing to Jotaro there!?"
Nekoi: But, anyone would do that if they had their favorite mangaka in front of them! You don't know if the chance will ever come again, right? So you want to run up and make them tell you everything! [3]
THE BLACK-AND-WHITE AESTHETIC ADMIRED BY ARAKI
Araki: If I had to say what interests me the most as someone in the same line of work, it would be how you divide the work among the four of you. I've heard you don't use assistants soโฆ In any case I would venture that xxxHolic is mainly drawn by Nekoi-san, is it not?
Nekoi: I wonder if that's so... perhaps that's not the case? *laughs*
Araki: It must be Nekoi-san, surely. The kimono styles, the atmosphere of the art has that feel to it... I don't suppose you can tell me? [4]
Nekoi: No, it's quite all right, I'll answer.
Araki: Ah, you can tell! I thought this might be CLAMP's greatest secret. *laughs*
Nekoi: I'll go with the conclusion. The female characters in xxxHolic are drawn by Mokona.
Araki: Eh! Yuuko-san and Himawari-chan and everyone!?
Nekoi: That's right. I draw the male characters, the youkai, and any spirits that aren't in human shape. And animals. The covers and colour pages are Mokona and I together. The overall flow is blocked out by Mokona from Ohkawa's script, after which I check it, and that's how things typically advance. If we get stuck on anything we go back to Ohkawa and ask, "I don't quite understand this part, what is it supposed to be?" and then we fix it. Once everything is settled, Satsuki, Mokona and Nekoi each draw our parts separately.
Araki: You're really systematic. How did you establish xxxHolic's global aesthetic?
Nekoi: There's a concept for the cover or opening art each time, and that's decided by Ohkawa. The story and worldview are all Ohkawa. She's like the overseeing producer.
Araki: There's something of an Art Nouveau element to it, design wise.
Nekoi: There's a Japanese-ness to it, and Chinese too.
Araki: The gothic atmosphere that permeates the work is a large part of its charm. All that flat black is great.
Nekoi: We decided not to use tones this time.
Araki: Yes, it's good to have a clear divide between black and white. That's something I can't do. I can't bring myself to colour something in as a flat surface. I have to crosshatch and make it stand out in 3D. Something like a school uniform, it's frightening to colour it inโฆ if I bring it down to a basic aesthetic level, perhaps.
Nekoi: But if I had to choose I'd pick Tsubasa's tactile feel. *laughs*
Araki: I see. But you can also draw in a gothic style. That's amazing! All of xxxHolic has a flat, decorative feel to it, like Japanese prints or Alphonse Mucha.
Nekoi: Ah, Mokona likes Mucha.
Araki: I thought so. It comes across. And the base colour of the tankoubon covers is never white.
Nekoi: That's true. It's always gold or silver, and then colour printed over it.
Araki: The feeling that there's an overriding concept at work is what makes it special. I think it's cool. With the JoJo series I wanted to use the classical method as a base and then introduce modern elements in the singular. For instance, drawing in a realistic style but colouring in completely impossible colours. Or completely impossible poses.
Nekoi: Impossible posesโฆ but the fans imitate the poses? The "JoJo stances".
Araki: True, true. That's the thing, I aim for impossible but then am like, "Huh? Well, I guess it's possible after all..." *laughs*
WHERE IS REALITY? THE DAY THE KAPPA APPEARED IN TOONO
Araki: Does CLAMP ever travel for research purposes?
Nekoi: Almost never. We know that drawing from imagination can't approach the solidity that comes with research, that level of reality where people can say, "Turn the corner right there and you'll see my house..." But if you take the scenery from xxxHolic, for example, the place where Yuuko-san exists is an enclosed courtyard really. Aside from that I think depicting fantasy in a fantastical way is also a matter of technique. Well โ one of our early stories did have an Indian flavour to it.
Araki: I understand. For my part, you see, I'm currently drawing a journey as my main theme. I started wondering about the psychology of someone who's been walking for three days straight. So I went and walked the Kumano pilgrimage road, which is a World Heritage site, to see what it was like.
Nekoi: Wow. And did you understand anything from it?
Araki: Yup. After three days, first of all you want to throw away everything you're carrying. I even wished I could throw away the cel phone they told me to carry in case I came across a bear. And when I saw the shrine at the end of the road, I felt thankful from the bottom of my heart. I honestly and unironically thought, "Thank god I came this far without getting hurt." It cleansed my heart, perhaps? I understood then that the road was put there in order to give people that experience.
Nekoi: That's a World Heritage site for you.
Araki: xxxHolic takes place in a magical alternate world, doesn't it. What I get hung up on is, What are those youkai-like things!? The ones shaped like young girls and the ones shaped like animals, and the monster types, are they all part of the same existence?
Nekoi: Er... the properly-formed youkai and the monster-like ayakashi are different things actually. But then, if you put them all together one can't say much other than "Well, that's the kind of world it is."
Araki: The "stands" in JoJo can be conceptualized as a reification of hidden talent, with their source being a sort of energy that's been in the earth since ancient times. So there are no real monsters or youkai in my story. I've never really been able to get the existence of such things. I looked at Mizuki Shigeru-sensei's drawings and thought they were lovely, but when I saw something like a "bean washer" in the picture I would just think, What's up with that? I couldn't see any reason for that creature to exist. Purely for the sake of washing beans?
Nekoi: That's true. It's the sort of world where you go take a bath and there's an "akaname" in there.
Araki: Exactly. What the heck is it? Is it an enemy? An ally? What does it want? If you can't figure out that much how are you supposed to fight it! Is what I think.
Nekoi: That's a Jump-like way of looking at it. *laughs*
Araki: With that in mind, the other day I went to Toono, in Iwate. In order to gain a better understanding of youkai.
Nekoi: Wah~ Such lengths. *laughs*
Araki: "I'd like to draw youkai too~" was what I was half-thinking. *laughs* So I went to the Kappa River there, the one that's famous for kappas, and stood on the riverbank spacing out. And as I was standing, there was this middle school-aged boy there at the same time, and he bursts out with, "Hirohiko's in the Kappa River!" Like, "Oniichan, look, there's a Hirohiko in the Kappa River!"
Nekoi: *dies*
Araki: And even I for some reason thought for a split second, "Gah, I have to get out of here!" At that moment I finally understood what it must feel like to be a youkai. *laughs*
Nekoi: You understood what it feels like to be a youkai, huh... *laughs* I bet it's passed into legend by now. His brother came and said, "There's no such thing, you're lying!" And he said, "It was really there, I saw it!" And there was a huge disturbance, and years afterward you'll hear the story of the kappa Hirohiko in the river.
Araki: So there, I think that might be what youkai really are.
FIGHTIN' PRESIDENTS AND DRAMA AT HIGH NOON
Araki: If it had an Indian flavour... do you watch a lot of movies? On DVD or whatever.
Nekoi: I watch films in the usual way, because I'm always following fads. I liked "Jurassic Park".
Araki: I like stuff like that too. Like "Jaws". But recently I've really been into Michael Mann's films: "Heat", "Collateral" and so forth. I like the sense one gets that the characters are driven by fate, but they don't hesitate over their actions. They hurtle toward their destiny in a way that goes beyond considerations of good or evil. It makes me weak at the knees. They're not movies you're supposed to cry at but I get tears in my eyes anyway. I think, "Oh, you people!" Do you have anything like that?
Nekoi: I'm faddish but I did like "Independence Day".
Araki: The story's pretty astonishing in that one. In order to fight with aliens, they get into a flying saucer that was buried on earth by aliens in the past. The human strategy was like ripping off the opponent's fundoshi in sumo. The designs all came from other SF works. And on top of it all the President himself flew the saucer to fight. When I saw that I decided the party would be battling the President in Steel Ball Run.
Nekoi: Really!?
Araki: Yeah, I realized a fighting President is awesome. [5] Was there ever anything like it?
Nekoi: It's very American. Although maybe Americans themselves don't realise it. And it was a German who made it. I think he made it with the intention that that's what Americans would like to see, and it really hit home. I like it too! *laughs*
Araki: What about Japanese films? I don't go to the theater but I watch a lot of DVDs. I saw "Sekachu" and so on.
Nekoi: Wow, you saw it?
Araki: Yes, it was good.
Nekoi: Was it!
Araki: Yes. I'm the type who cries at everything. That's right, lately I've gotten hooked on daytime soaps. Ever since "Shinju Fujin" I can't go without checking in with the latest developments. She became his lover with the aim of getting her hands on his fortune! It's awesome!
Nekoi: *laughs*
Araki: The dialogue gives one thrills down the spine. They say such dangerous and suggestive things the viewer's left panting. Like, is it all right to show that? But there they have it on television, at high noon.
Nekoi: It feels like you watch it to enjoy the names.
Araki: Exactly. A lot of mangaka seem to watch soaps, because time-wise it's just when one's getting out of bed. Morita (Masanori) sensei told me he also watches them. *laughs*
CLAMP'S MYSTERY VERSUS KISHIBE ROHAN'S SKIN: AND ONWARD, LEGEND
Araki: Many of CLAMP's mysteries were made clear to me today, so for my part this has been a meaningful hour spent. Thank you very much.
Nekoi: The pleasure's all mine, thank you very much. Though I would have liked to talk more about JoJo.
Araki: But today we're talking about xxxHolic.
Nekoi: Don't you think we should reveal more of JoJo's mysteries too, even for the sake of the reader?
Araki: Oh, I think it'll be quite enough if you say "He's so cool and looks just like Kishibe Rohan โฅ". *laughs*
Nekoi: Oh yes, that's true. He's so cool and looks just like Kishibe Rohan. *laughs* And you look younger and younger in the photos that get published these days.
Araki: That's because I'm a hamon user. *laughs* [6]
Nekoi: Please do become a new legend in Toono, I'd love to see it.
Araki: Leave it up to me. *laughs*[13]Kaneda: A while ago, there was a story called "Let's Go Hunting" and I really liked how Josuke and Jotaro teamed up. First you have Josuke who always feels like he's about to burst into a rage but he's always reliable when push comes to shove. Then there's Jotaro who can get really mad and he'll barely lose the cool expression on his face. I thought them working together went well, I love that story. It's to be expected seeing as he's a scientist, but I'm really enthralled with how Jotaro knows so much about wild animals (laugh).
Araki: Yeah, I like partnerships. When I see artists that have partnerships, I get all jealous. Though I guess there's sort of a partnership between a mangaka and an editor. I liked the partnership of Josuke and Jotaro, too. They both have a kind of "pursuer" feel to them, don't they?
Kaneda: It was so cool when Jotaro said "You've got to be the one to shoot." and then went off to let himself become a decoy.
Araki: They have a relationship where they sort of bring out each other's strengths.
Kaneda: I think that because Josuke respects Jotaro so much, he feels a lot of pride from just being with him. It's an exceedingly good relationship, even one that almost crosses a certain line (laugh).
Editor: Sounds like she's reading into it in a yaoi sort of way. I guess she's excited by that sort of thing.
Araki: Oh, I see (laugh). Maybe it's better that I didn't write that, then.
Kaneda: Yeah! If you'd written that openly, there'd be no room for imagination and that'd ruin all the fun. I don't think anything like that would happen for the whole hunting thing, but if it turned into something like "After the hunt is over, do you wanna go to a hotel?", I feel like that'd be really overdoing it! (Laugh) Also, if something like that were written in the story, there would be a lot of people that really like coupling and would say things like "the only one for Jotaro is Kakyoin!" So it would actually, it would actually narrow the scope of the story. So I really think that stopping just short of that is much better.
Araki: That kinda sounds like "Beverly Hills, 90210". This person and this person are connected, and this person is with so-and-so, that sorta thing.
Kaneda: It's good to draw all sorts of jumbled lines like that (laugh). That way it never goes to the point of actual acts, it's more desirable to be potential.
Araki: I see.
Kaneda: Really, from a boy's point of view a team play is "admirable friendship". and from a girl's point of view it's has a different kind of admiration. And we want it to end with that double meaning. Personally, I think Okuyasu and Josuke make a good partnership, too. Both are good-for-nothing-types. Truthfully, if Okuyasu were smart, he would have a top-class Stand. I think that the user not being smart strikes a good balance.
Araki: He's a lovable character, isn't he? (laugh).
Kaneda: I think Okuyasu is the best person you'd want for your friend. But in regards to partnerships, I think Johnny and Gyro in the current Part, "SBR" are the best.
Araki: That was me tracing the story of Part 1 with Zeppeli making Jonathan grow and trying to write it a bit more deeply. This time they're a bit closer in age, and I'm really enjoying writing their conversations.
Kaneda: I just love those pointless exchanges between the two. Like when Johnny used his evolved nail bullets to brush his teeth and Gyro gave that monotone response about being jealous (laugh). I remember thinking "This is how boys communicate!" when I read that.
Araki: Yeah, boys tend to have those sorts of pointless back-and-forth conversations a lot, don't they? (Laugh)
Kaneda: You really feel their friendship in those sorts of scenes. Rather than hug each other or anything, that makes them really charming to girls.
Saitou: But they have a fixed relationship, so they're kinda hard to couple, right?
Araki: Yeah, there really isn't much room there for reading too much into it, is there? I wanted to have a deeper connection of friendship between teacher and disciple than I did in Part 1.
Kaneda: It's written so richly, so they don't even need to be coupled, I guess. People have ideas about how Johnny is paralyzed in the lower half of his body, so while Gyro generally seems very cold, there are times at night when he has to care for Johnny and that sort of thing.
Araki: Yeah, I like that (laugh). Well, maybe I'll draw a scene of them in a night-time camp scene.
Kaneda: That sounds good! I hope you do (laugh)! Also, I'm hoping that Dio gets involved in their relationship somehow...... Fundamentally, Dio is a character who started out in poverty. So then, because of his desire to be successful in life, he's not afraid of anyone and he's not afraid to dirty himself to make his way to the top. Girls love that sort of thing. Fujoshi-wise, I mean in my mind, at the point in Part 6 where the character of Father Pucci that feels seriously about Dio, I've made this theory of "Dio = Princess" (laugh). Like he started out from the status of prostitute, so he dirtied his body with lots of different men, but his soul never lost its purity. And the 16 year old Pucci was attracted by that...... Early on, there's a scene where Dio and Pucci are sitting slovenly on the same bed facing different directions and having a discussion ('The Time of Heaven', "Stone Ocean" Volume 11). I simultaneously could barely believe my eyes and went mad with joy. That's the effect you must've been going for, right, Araki-sensei?
Araki: Uh... I didn't really think it would be taken that way, I don't think. Guys do that sorta thing all the time. Just sorta crashing someplace. Like when you go drinking and it gets late, so you need to stay over at somebody's place.
Kaneda: Eh, then you're saying that Father Pucci and Dio were out late drinking?! (Laugh) Um, I'm not so sure these are the types of characters who would crash at each other's place because they missed the last train for the night or something.
Araki: Now that you mention it, I think I might've had something like that in mind when I drew it (laugh). But Dio's sort of a composed character that could go either way. He could go with a man or a woman.
Kaneda: Really?! As I thought, my interpretation was correct.... (laugh). So, Dio originally liked Jonathan, right?
Araki: Ah, did he?! (Laugh)
Kaneda: Jonathan Joestar was a man that had everything he didn't, so Dio felt that he wanted to make Jonathan his. That sort of thing. He couldn't allow Jonathan's first kiss to be with Erina, so he did it to Erina himself.
Araki: Uh, it kinda sounds comedic if you're gonna go that far (Laugh).
Kaneda: No, but Dio thought about Jonathan seriously, but at the same time homosexuality was a serious crime in England during that era, so Dio had to hide his desires for such a future deep inside.
Araki: Uh, I guess that could be.
Kaneda: And those feelings he'd suppressed so long finally resulted in him taking over Jonathan's body.
Araki: I see. Well if you look at it at that angle, it gives the story a fresh feel, I suppose. (Laugh)
Kaneda: Dio, someone so dirtied, wanted to profess "I like you" to Jonathan. But he was unable to and then Erina took Jonathan, so through bitter tears at the end he took Jonathan's body. "Now we've finally become one, Jonathan." That sorta thing. If he'd had time to smooth his words over a bit more, he would have said that he wanted to be part of Jonathan's bloodline.
Araki: That kind of sounds like the movie "Purple Moon".
Kaneda: He wanted to become Jonathan. But I think in the end, he lost track of whether he wanted to become Jonathan or he wanted Jonathan to become his. With his noble soul that harbored such sorrow, there were men showing up that loved Dio one after another. Like in Part 3, Vanilla Ice and N'Dour and those guys. Particularly in Part 3, whenever was mentioned, they talk about his almost-transparent white skin and his bewitching charm that made it hard to believe he was a man. Even Avdol felt dizzy the first time (laugh). Even Avdol, that macho guy that liked peeing outside was attracted to Dio. So he really had an aura that attracted all types of men.
Araki: Uh, I guess that's a way of looking at it, too. (Laugh)
Kaneda: ......I'm glad. If you'd said something like "There's no way there was anything like that!" and just cut me off, I don't know what I would've done.... (Laugh)
Araki: There's no way I could write that, but I'll admit that could exist as a sort of hidden meaning. He definitely had some lust somewhere.
Kaneda: Dio's confusion of not being sure himself if he wanted Jonathan's bloodline or wanted his body or wanted his heart is really juicy from a yaoi aspect.
Araki: But someone like Dio would never offer his love 100% to someone.
Kaneda: Speaking of which, he had lots of illegitimate children, didn't he? I feel bad for Ungaro being the only ugly one. (Laugh)
Araki: (Laugh)
Kaneda: So it's a bit different from the sort of love Jonathan and such have, huh?
Araki: Jonathan and the others' love is far deeper than Dio's. They didn't run purely on desire like Dio. Dio will do anything to get what he wants, but he would absolutely never pour 100% of his love into a specific person.
Kaneda: True. It doesn't sound so much like love as it does like stealing. Well, I suppose Father Pucci, pursuing the princess he would never obtain, was really the juiciest character of Part 6.
Araki: Now that you mention it, I think I really did consciously write it that way (Laugh).
Kaneda: He wanted so thoroughly to love Dio more, so when Pucci said the line "I love you as I love God", it was a real thrill. And in response to that, I'm glad Dio said "I was afraid you'd disappear". Vanilla Ice loved Io as well, but he died spinning around in circles like that, so you wanted to have a character express their intense feelings towards Dio in a more open way, huh?
Araki: I think if Dio had lived, it could've gone a bit more in that direction. But he's dead, so all of that will just remain in the realms of imagination.
Kaneda: But there were people like this in Dio's life, so I feel vindicated.
Araki: But I don't think Dio loved Pucci.
Kaneda: I suppose so. I think for Dio, their relationship was casual. There was a sort of feeling like "You don't know anything about my life, so don't start worshipping me like a god." I guess. "I've been the object of pleasure for hundreds of men!"
2010-2017
็ฌฌ๏ผๅ ใๆ็็บใใจไปๅฐๅธใจใฎ้ขไฟใฏ๏ผ 2011.2.14 ่ใๆ: ใใฎใ็งใฎๅบ็ฌๅทใคใณใฟใใฅใผใใงใฏใ ไปๅฐใๅบ็ฌๅทใซใใใใฎใใ่ๅไบบใซๅบๆผใใใ ใใใจใงใ ๅคใใฎๆนใซๅบ็ฌๅทใใฏใใใจใใไปๅฐใฎ้ญ ๅใ ็ฅใฃใฆใใใ ใใใใจ่ใใฆใใพใใ ไปๆฅใฏใไปๅฐๅธๅบ่บซใฎใใณใฌๅฎถใง ใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใ(ไปฅไธใใธใงใธใงใ)ใฎ ไฝ่ ใป่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใใใซๅบๆผใใใ ใใพใใใ ใฉใใใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ: ใใกใใใใใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ: ๆฉ้ใงใใใๅ ็ใฎไฝๅใซใฏใใใฅใผๅฝๆใใ ไปๅฐใซ็ธใฎใใๅฐๅใไบบๅใชใฉใๆฐๅคใ็ปๅ ดใใฆใใใ ็งใใกไปๅฐๅธๆฐใฏๅคงๅคๅฌใใๆใฃใฆใใพใใ ็นใซใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใใคใคใขใณใใฏ็ ใใชใใ็ทจใงใฏใ ใๆ็็บใใจใใๆฅๆฌใฎๆถ็ฉบ้ฝๅธใ่ๅฐใจใชใฃใฆใใพใใใ ๅฎ้ใซไปๅฐใซใใๅฐๅใใๅบใชใฉใ็ปๅ ดใใฆใใใ ใใกใณใฎ็ใใใใใไปๅฐๅธใใใธใงใธใงใไฝๅใฎ ใ่ๅฐใใฎไธใคใจใๆใใใฆใใใใใงใใ ใใใงใพใใฏๆ็็บใจไปๅฐใจใฎ้ข้ฃใซใคใใฆ ๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ: ไปๅฐใฏ่ชๅใ็ใพใ่ฒใฃใ่กใชใฎใงใ ใชใใฟๆทฑใใจใใใใๆใใใใใใงใใญใ ไฝๅไธใฎๆถ็ฉบใฎ่กใจใฏใใใ ่ชๅใฎไฝ้จใไธๆทใใซใใฆไฝๅใซๆใใใจใฏๅบๆฌใงใใใ ไฝใใใชใขใชใใฃใๅบใใฎใงใ ่ใๆ: ็ฌฌๅ้จใฎไธป่ฆไบบ็ฉใฎไธไบบใจใใฆ็ปๅ ดใใใใณใฌๅฎถใฎ ใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใใฏใ่ชญ่ ใใๅ ็ใจ ๅไธ่ฆใใใใใใใใใใใงใใใ ใใฏใไฝๅใงใใชใขใชใใฃใ้่ฆใใฆใใใใจใ็ชบใใพใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ34ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ34ๅทป๏ผ ่ๆจใใ: ้ฒไผดใฏๅ่ช่บซใงใฏใชใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใใ ใใชใขใชใใฃใฏๆฌฒใใใงใใใ ใใใซใ็ฌฌๅ้จใงใฏๆฎบไบบ้ฌผใๅบใฆใใพใใฎใงใ ไปๅฐใใใฎ่ๅฐใจใใใฎใฏใใใใซใฉใใใชใจๆใใ ๅธๆฐใฎ็ใใใซใชใในใใ่ฟทๆใใใใใชใใใใซ ใๆ็็บใใจใใๆถ็ฉบใฎ่กใไฝใใใฆใใใ ใใใ ใจใใๆฌก็ฌฌใงใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ36ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ36ๅทป๏ผ ่ใๆ: ๆ่ฟใงใฏใไปๅฐๅธใ็ฉ้จใซใชใใพใใฆใ ๆ ็ปๅใใใใไปๅฐๅธๅจไฝใฎไฝๅฎถใปไผๅๅนธๅคช้ใใใฎ ใใดใผใซใใณในใฉใณใใผใใฎไฝไธญใงใ ไปๅฐๅบ่บซใฎ้ฆ็ธใๆๆฎบใใใๆไปฃใงใใ ใกใชใฟใซๆๆฎบใทใผใณๆฎๅฝฑๆใซใฏใ ใจใญในใใฉใจใใฆใใใใใฎๅธๆฐใฎ็ใใใใ ๅๅใใใ ใใใฎใงใ ไปใ ใฃใใใใใใใๅฟ้ ใใใใชใใฆใ ๅคงไธๅคซใใใใใพใใใใ ใใใ ใๆ ๆฅๅใใดใผใซใใณในใฉใณใใผใญใฑๅฐ็ดนไปใ (c)ใใใ ใใปๅฎฎๅใใฃใซใ ใณใใใทใงใณ ๏ผๅ่ใใใใใ ใๆ ๆฅๅใใดใผใซใใณในใฉใณใใผใญใฑๅฐ็ดนไปใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ: ้ฃ่ผๆ(ๆณจ๏ผ็ฌฌๅ้จใฎ้ฃ่ผใฏ1992ๅนด๏ฝ1995ๅนด)ใฏ Sๅธใจใใใฎใไปๅฐๅธใงใ ๆ็็บใฏใใฎ้ๅคใฎ่กใจใใ่จญๅฎใงใ ไปๅฐๅธใใฎใใฎใ่ๅฐใงใฏใชใใฃใใใงใใ ่ใๆ: ่ฟๅนดใงใฏใใใฎๆ็็บใไบบๅฃใๅขใใฆใ Sๅธใๆ็ๅบใใซๆๆ ผใใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ: ใใใSๅธๅ ใซๅใ่พผใพใใๅฝขใงๅไฝตใใใใใงใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ: ๆ็็บใฎๅฐๅฝข็ใชใขใใซใจใใฆใฏใ ๅฒฉๆ็ใฎๅฎฎๅคๅธใงใฏใชใใใใจใใ่ฉฑใใใกใณใฎ้ใง ใใใฆใใใใใงใใ ่ๆจใใ: ๅฐ็็ใซใคใกใผใธใใใฎใฏใๅฎฎๅ็ใฎๆพๅณถใฎๅใ ๆฑๆพๅณถๅธใฎใใใใงใใ ใใ ใใใใใฟใฆใณใจใใฆใฎ่กใฎใคใกใผใธใฏใ ๅฝๆ้็บใ้ฒใใงใใๆณๅธ(ๆณจ๏ผๆญๅ63ๅนดใใไปๅฐๅธๆณๅบ) ใๅฎฎๅ้ๅบ้ถดใถ่ฐทใใฅใผใฟใฆใณใชใฉใๅ่ใซใใฆใใพใใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ29ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ29ๅทป๏ผ ่ใๆ: ใชใใปใฉใ ใใใใๅฝๆใฎใใฅใผใฟใฆใณ้็บใฎๆงๅญใ ไฝๅใซๅๆ ใใใฆใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ: ๅฝๆใฏๆฑๅๅญฆ้ข้ซๆ กๆฆดใถๅฒกๆ ก่ใซ้ๅญฆใใฆใใพใใใใ ๆฏๆฅใฎใใใซ้ขจๆฏใๅคใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ ใใ้่ทฏใๆฅใซใใผใณ๏ผใจใงใใใใใฆใ ใใฎๅคๅใใทใงใใญใณใฐใงใใใญใ ใใใชไฝ้จใใใใใใฏๅๆ ใใใฆใใใใใใใชใใ ่ใๆ: ๅ ็ใไปๅฐใซใไฝใใ ใฃใ้ ใฎไปๅฐใฏใ ๆฅๆฌใฎ็ตๆธๆ้ทใซๅใใใฆ่กใ ๅคงใใๅงฟใๅคใใฆใใๆไปฃใฎ็ใฃๅชไธญใ ใฃใใจๆใใพใใใ ใใฎไธๆนใงใใพใ ๆฆๅพใฎ้ขๅฝฑใๆฎใใใใใช ใในใใชใขในใชใจใใใใใฃใใจไผบใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ: ใใใพใใใญใใใฎใๅบ็ฌๅทใซใฏ้ขไฟใชใใงใใใฉ(็ฌ)ใ ๅญไพใฎ้ ใซๅฐๆพๅณถใไธๅนณ่กๆฒผใฎใใใใง ใใ้ใใงใใใใงใใ ใใใซใฏ้ฒ็ฉบๅฃ่ทกใฟใใใชๆใใใฃใฆใ ไฝใฟไปใใฆใใๆนใใใพใใใ ใใฎๆนใฏใๅฎใฏๆตฎๆตช่ ใงใฏใชใใ ๆๅคง้ๆใกใงใใใฎ่ฒก็ฃใ้ ใใใฆใใใจใใ ๅ่ต้ใฎๅใใใฃใใใงใใใ ่ใๆ: ๅ ็ใ่ช่บซใๆขใใซ่กใใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ: ๅฝ็ถ่กใใพใใใ๏ผ ใพใใๅ่ฉฑใ ใฃใใจๆใใพใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใใใๅฆใชใชใขใชใใฃใใใฃใฆใๅญไพๅฟใซ ๅฎ้ใซไฝใใใใฎใงใฏใชใใใจๆใใใใใใใใงใใ ๆฌๅฝใซใ ใใฎๆนใซใ็ฅ็ใช้ฐๅฒๆฐใใใฃใฆใ ่ฑ่ชใงใใในใฃใใใใฆใไธไฝไฝ่ ใชใใ ๏ผใฟใใใช(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ:ใใธใงใธใงใใฎไฝไธญใซๅบใฆใใใใใใใใชโฆ ่ๆจใใ: ใใใใใไธๆจใฆไบบใ ใใฉใ้ๅปใซไฝใใใฃใใใ ใใใชใ ใจใใ้ฐๅฒๆฐใใใฃใฆใๅ่ต้ใฎ่ฉฑใใ ใพใใใๅใงใใชใใฃใฆๆใใใใใโฆ ็ฌฌ๏ผๅ ๅใใฆ่ฆใใ่จ่ใฏใใฉใใใใใ๏ผ๏ผ ๅญไพๆไปฃใฎๆใๅบ 2011.2.15 ่ใๆ ใใใชใในใใชใขในใช้ฐๅฒๆฐใๆผใฃใฆใใไธๆนใงใ ใฉใใฉใๅฎ ๅฐ้็บใ้ฒใใจใใ ใกใใใฉๆไปฃใฎๅคใใ็ฎใ ใฃใใฎใใใใใพใใใ ๅญไพใฎ้ ใซๅบ็ฌๅทใง้ใฐใใใใจใฏใใใพใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ็ถใ่ฅๆใฎ็ใพใใงใๅนผๅฐใฎ้ ใฏ่ฅๆๅบใซไฝใใงใใพใใใ ๅฎฎๅๅๅๆใฎๅใงใ ใใฎๅๅๆใใพใใในใใชใขในใชใใงใใใฉ(็ฌ)ใ ใใฃใจใๅกใฎๅใใใฏใฉใใชใฃใฆใใใใ ใใ๏ผ ใจๆใใชใใ่ฒใกใพใใใ ่ใๆ ใใใใ็ใ็ซใกใใใใธใงใธใงใใฏ ็ใพใใในใใใฆ็ใพใใใใใชๆฐใใใพใใ ใกใชใฟใซๅฎฎๅๅๅๆใฏใ ๆฟๅฎๅ ฌใ้ ๅฑ ๅพใซ้ใใใ่ฅๆๅ่ทกใซๅปบใฆใใใฆใใใ ๅ ใซใฏๅบ็ฌๅทใใๅๆฐดใใๆฐดใๆตใใฆใใพใใ
๏ผๅ่ใๅ ญ้ทๅ ไธ้ทๅ ้ๆฝ ใใๆ้ๆฐดไบๆฅญ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ๅบ็ฌๅทใฏๅฝๆไฝใใงใใใจใใใใใ่ฟใใฃใใฎใงใ ใใ้ใณใซ่กใฃใฆใใพใใใใ ๆฏๅนด๏ผๆ๏ผๆฅใซใขใฆ้ฃใใฎ่งฃ็ฆๆฅใซใฏใ ็ถใซ้ฃใใใใฆไธ็ทใซ่ด้ทใใฏใใฆ้ฃใใซใใฃใฆใใพใใใใ
๏ผๅ่ใๅบ็ฌๅทใงใฎใขใฆ้ฃใ้ขจๆฏ๏ผ ่ใๆ ๅ ็ใ่ด้ทใใฏใใฆๅทใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใจใใใฏใ ๆณๅใ้ฃใใงใใใๅบ็ฌๅทใฏๅนผใ้ ใใ ่บซ่ฟใชๅญๅจใ ใฃใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ๅฎใฏๅญไพใฎๆใซใๆๅใซ่ฆใใ่จ่ใ ใใฉใใใใใใชใใงใ(็ฌ)ใ ไปใฏๅบ็ฌๅทใซๅฏพใใฆใ ็ใใใใใใชใคใกใผใธใใใชใใจๆใใพใใใ ๅฝๆใฏ็ฌใฎๆญปไฝใจใๆตใใฆใใใใจใใใฃใฆใ ๅจใใฎๅคงไบบใใกใใ ใใฉใใใใใซใชใใใใๅทใซ่กใๆใฏๆฐใใคใใชใใ ใจ่จใ่ใใใใใฆใใใฟใใใ ๆใฏใใใใๅฑ้บใซๅฏพใใฆใ ๅฐๅใฎใๅนดๅฏใใใกใฎ็ฎ้ ใใใใฃใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ ๅญไพใๅใใฆ่ฆใใ่จ่ใจใใฆใฏใ ใใชใใทใงใใญใณใฐใช่จ่ใงใใใ ่ๆจใใ ๅทใงใฉใใใฃใฆ้ใถใใๆใใฆใใใฆใใใฎใ ใจๆใใพใใ ๅท้ใณใฏ่ชๅทฑ่ฒฌไปปใ ใใใ่ชๅ่ช่บซใงๆฐใไปใใชใใจ ใใกใชใใ ใใใจใใใใจใงใ ่ใๆ ๅฝๆใฏใพใ ๆฐด้ฃไบๆ ใงไบกใใชใๆนใๅฐใชใใชใๆไปฃใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ไฝใไบๆ ใใใใจไปใ ใจใใ่กๆฟใ่ฒฌใใใใใกใงใใใ ๅฝๆใฎๅท้ใณใชใฉใฏ่ชๅทฑ่ฒฌไปปใงใใใญใ ใใจใๅ่ฒ็ๆตๅใปใณใฟใผใใงใใๅใซใฏ ใใฎ่พบใๆฒณๅฃใฎ้ไธใฎใใใใงๆณณใใ ใใ ใญใฃใณใใใใใใใพใใใ ใใใจ็งใซใฏใใฃใจไธๆตใง่็ ฎไผใๅฎ็ชใงใใใญใ ่ใๆ ๆ็็บ็ทจใซใฏๅบใฆใใพใใใใ ๅ ็ใ่็ ฎไผใฏใใใใใฆใใพใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใกใใใงใใ๏ผใใฏใ็ถใซ้ฃใใใใฆไบๅฃๆธ่ฐทใ ๅฅฅๆฐๅทใชใฉใธ่กใฃใฆใใฃใฆใใพใใใ
๏ผๅ่ใๅบ็ฌๅท100้ธใๅฅฅๆฐๅทใฉใคใณ๏ผ
็ถใฏใขใฆ้ฃใใ ใใงใชใใ ้ๆใกใใใฎใ็ฉใใชใฉใใใฃใฆใใพใใใฎใงใ
๏ผๅ่ใๅบ็ฌๅทๅฎฎๆฒข็ทๅฐๅจ่พบใฎ้๏ผ ่ใๆ ๅบ็ฌๅทใฎ่ฟใใซใไฝใพใใฎๆนใฏใ ็ฉ็ๆฐๆใฎ่กใๆตใใฆใใใใใใใชใใงใใญใ ใใฎๅบ็ฌๅทใใผใ ใใผใธใงไปๅนดๅๆใใใฆใใใ ใใ ๅคงๅนดๅฏบๅฑฑใฎใตใใจใงใใใใใคใใใใใใฆใใๆนใ ๅฌใซใชใใจ็ฉใใซ่กใใใใงใใใ ไปฅๅๅฅฅๆฐๅทใง่็ ฎไผใฎไผ็ปใงใไธ่ฉฑใซใชใฃใๆนใ ๆธๆต้ฃใใใใฎใใซ้ๆใใใฆใใพใใใใ
๏ผๅ่ใๅบ็ฌๅทใฉใคใๅ ฅ้vol๏ผ5๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใฎใใฏ้ฃใใใงใใใญใ ๅใ็จฎ้กใงใๅฎฎๅ็ใง้ฃในใใใใฎใซใ ใ้ฃใฎ็ฆๅณถ็ใงใฏๆฏใๆใฃใฆใใใใฎใใใใใใงใใญใ ใใจใไปๅฐใฎไบบใฏๆฑไบฌใซ่กใฃใฆใใ ่็ ฎไผใฎ่ฉฑ้กใง็ใไธใใใพใใใญใ ใ่็ ฎไผใใฆใ๏ผใ ใๆฒณๅใงใใใใ ใใญใใฃใฆใ ใงใใๆฑไบฌใฎไบบใจ่ฉฑใใจใใใใฃใฆใใผใใญใฅใผใฎใใจ๏ผใ ใจ่ใใใพใใใ ใใใ้ใ้ใใ่็ ฎไผใงใฏ็ ฎใใใ ใใ ๆฒณๅใง่ใฏ็ผใใชใใใญ๏ฝใใฟใใใช(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ไปๅฐๅบ่บซ่ ๅๅฃซใ ใจ่็ ฎไผใฃใฆ่จใใ ใใง ใใๅใใๅใใใใใพใใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใชใใงใใใใใ๏ฝ่็ ฎไผใฏใใใงใใใญใ ใใใใชไบบใจใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใงใใใใ ๆฒณๅใงๅฎถๆใฎ่ผชใจใ็ขบ่ชใงใใใใใฆใ
๏ผๅ่ใ็่ถๆฉไธๆตๆฒณๅทๆทใงใฎ่็ ฎไผใฎๆงๅญ๏ผ ่ใๆ ใ่็ ฎไผใใจ่ใใจใใใใใ ใใงไปๅฐใฎใใจใ ๆใๅบใใใใๆ ้ทใซๅธฐใฃใฆใใใชใ ใจๅฎๆใงใใใใใพใใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใใไป้ ใใพใ ใใฃใฆใใพใใใ ่ใๆ ็่ถๆฉใฎไธๆตใๅบ็ฌๅทใงใฎ่็ ฎไผใฎ่ๅฐใจใชใฃใฆใใฆใ ๅญฆ็ใใใไธญๅฟใงใใใๅคฉๆฐใฎ่ฏใๆฅใฏ ๆใใๅ ดๆใจใใใใใใฆใใใใใงใใ ใใใใๅฏใใชใฃใฆใใใฎใงใ ใใไธ็ซใซใชใฃใฆใใฆใใใใใงใใใ ใคใๅ ๆฅใใใใใ่ฆใใใใฎ็ฑณใถ่ขใฎๆฒณๅใง ใใฃใฆใใพใใใ
๏ผๅ่ใ็ฑณใถ่ขๆฒณๅทๆทใงใฎ่็ ฎไผใฎๆงๅญ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใใชใใงใใใไปใฎๅญฆ็ใใใฏใใผใใญใฅใผใงใใ๏ผ ่ใๆ ใกใคใณใฏใใฏใ่็ ฎใ ใจๆใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ใงใใใญใใใใฃใ(็ฌ)ใ ็ฌฌ๏ผๅ ๅบ็ฌๅบทไธๅใฎ็ฑๆฅใฏ๏ผ 2011.2.16 ่ใๆ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใซใฏใ่ชใ้จใจใใฆใๅบ็ฌๅบทไธใๅ ใจใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใ้่ฆไบบ็ฉใจใใฆ็ปๅ ดใใพใใ ใใใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใซใๅบ็ฌใใจๅไปใใใใ ๅ ็ใฎๆๅณใฏใๅบ็ฌๅทใไปๅฐใฎใทใณใใซใจใใฆ ่ใใใใฆใฎใใจใชใฎใงใใใใ๏ผ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ32ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ32ๅทป๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใฃใฑใใๅบ็ฌๅทใใๅบใใชใใใใซใฏ ใใใชใใใใชใใงใใ๏ผ ๆ็็บใฏไปๅฐๅธใงใฏใชใใงใใใ ใใจใๅฎๅนธใใใฎๅคงใใใๆฒใใใใพใใใ ๅบ็ฌๅบทไธๅใฏไปๅฐใฎใทใณใใซใปๅบ็ฌๅทใใใ ใใใใใชใใงใใใ ่ใๆ ใใใใจใใใใใพใใ ไปๅฐๅธใซไฝใใใธใงใธใงใใใกใณใซใจใฃใฆใ ใจใฆใๅฌใใ่ฉฑใงใใ ไปฅๅๅบ็ฌๅทๆฒฟใใซใๆฒณ็ซฅใใฎ้ ๅใๅธๆฐใฎๅฏไปใงๅปบ็ซใใใ ใจใใไผ็ปใใใฃใใใใงใใใ ใใธใงใธใงใใใกใณใ ใฃใใๅบ็ฌๅบทไธๅใฎ้ ๅใ ๅปบใฆใใใจๆใใงใใใใญใ ใงใฏใไปๅฐใ้ขใใไปใๆใใใๆใๅ ดๆใใ ไปใงใใใ็ซใกๅฏใๅ ดๆใชใฉใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ๅฐๅนดๆไปฃใซ้ใใ ๅฐๆพๅณถใฎๆนใซใฏไปใงใ่กใใพใใใ ๆใใใใใพใๅคใใฃใฆใใชใใงใใใญใ ไธๅ ต่กๆฒผๅจ่พบใๅ ฌๅๅบๅใจใใฆ่ช็ถใๆฎใใใฆใใใใใฆใ ใใใงใใญใ ใใจๅฐๅๆฃฎๆๅ ฌๅใๆฑๅ่ฌ็งๅคงๅญฆๅดใฎ็ๆณใฎๆพใจใใ ๅฐๅๆฃฎๆๅ ฌๅ ๏ผๅ่ใๆใฎ้ฝ็ทใฎๅๆ100้ธใๅฐๅๆฃฎๆๅ ฌๅ๏ผ ็ๆณใฎๆพ ๏ผๆใฎ้ฝ็ทใฎๅๆ100้ธใ็ๆณใฎๆพใๆฎๅฝฑใ้ซๆฉๆฟๅ๏ผ ่ใๆ ๆใใใๅ ดๆใ่จชใญใฆ่ถณใ้ใฐใใใฎใงใใใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ๆฌๅฝใซใใใใฎ่พบใง้ใใงใใใฎใงใ ใใใงใใญใใใใใจใๆชใใใจใ ใใใใชๆใๅบใใใใพใใ ่ใๆ ใๅ็ฉใฎ่ถณ่ทกใ่ฟฝใฃใฆใใใใ่จชใญๆญฉใใฎใ ๅฅฝใใชๅฐๅนดๆไปฃใ ใฃใใใจใใใ่ฉฑใไผบใใพใใใ ่ถณ่ทก ่ๆจใใ ๅ ็จใฎๅ่ต้ๆขใใงใฏใชใใฎใงใใใ ใใใใชใใฎใ่ฟฝ่ทกใใใฎใๅฅฝใใงใไปใงใๅ็ฉใฎ่ถณ่ทกใจใใ ใใใ่ๅณใใใใพใใ ่ใๆ ไปๅนดใฏ็ใฎ้คใจใชใใใฉใฎๅฎใไธไฝใงใ ไบบ้ใพใงใใ็ใ้ใใฆใใใใใงใใใ็ใฎ่ถณ่ทกใชใฉใโฆ ่ๆจใใ ไปๅฐใงใ็ใ้ใใฆๆฅใใใงใใ๏ผ ๆฐดๆบใใฎใใฐใจใใซ็ชใงๅผใฃๆปใใ่ทกใใใใจใ ่็ญใใใฃใจใใพใใใ ใใปใใจใซใใใใซๅฑ ใใใ ใ้ใฃใใใ ใใฃใฆใ ่ใๆ ใจใใใงใไปๅนด(ๆณจ๏ผ2011ๅนด)ใงใใใฅใผใใ30ๅจๅนดใจไผบใฃใฆใใพใใ 1987ๅนดใฎใใธใงใธใงใ้ฃ่ผ้ๅงใใใฏ24ๅนดใ็ตใกใ ใใฎ้ใซๆฅๆฌใๅใๅทปใ็คพไผๆ ๅขใ ๅคงใใๅคๅใใใจๆใใพใใ ้ฃ่ผใงไปๅฐใ้ขใใใใฆใใใ ๆใจๆฏในใฆ็พๅจใฎไปๅฐใใฉใใ่ฆงใซใชใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใๆใฎๅพกๅฑๆทใฎใใใชๅปบ็ฉใ ็กใใชใฃใกใใใพใใใญใ ใใใจใใใๅซ่ถๅบใ็กใใชใฃใฆใใพใฃใฆ ใกใใฃใจๅฏใใใงใใ ่ก่ชไฝใฏใใใใซใชใฃใฆใไฝใฟใใใใชใฃใใจใฏๆใใพใใใ ่ใๆ ๆฆๅพใฎ้ขๅฝฑใๆฎใใใในใใชใขในใช้ฐๅฒๆฐใฏใ ๅธ่กๅฐๆดๅใ้ฒใใงใชใใชใฃใฆใใพใฃใใใใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใงใใใใฃใใฟใฏใทใผใฎ้่ปขๆใใใ่ฉฑใใใฆใใพใใใใ ๆจๆฅ้ชใ้ใๅใซ็พใใใจใใใฆใญใ ใทใ ่ใฃใฆใใใใใงใใใ ใใใๅธๅ ใงๅบใฆใใใใใงใใใ ใใใใ่ช็ถใ่บซ่ฟใซๆใใใใใใจใฏ ็ด ๆดใใใใชใจๆใใพใใ ่ใๆ ๅญไพใฎ้ ใฎใใฉใใใใใใๆตใใฆๆฅใฆใใๆไปฃใ ้ซๅบฆ็ตๆธๆ้ทๆใฎๅ ฌๅฎณๅ้กใชใฉใ็ตใฆใ ่ช็ถ็ฐๅขใๅคงๅใซใใชใใใฐใจใใๆ่ญใฎ้ซใพใใใใ ่ช็ถใจใฎๅ ฑ็ใๅๅพฉใใคใคใใใจใใๆใใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใ่ใใใจไปๅฐใฏใใฎ่กใฎ่ฆๆจกใใใใใงใใใญใ ่ใๆ ใณใณใใฏใใงใกใใใฉ่ฏใ่กใฎใตใคใบใชใฎใใใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใๆญฉใใฆๅใใซใใฆใใ ้ป่ปใใในใไฝฟใใซใใฆใใใกใใใฉ่ฏใ่ท้ขใง ใฉใใธ่กใใซใใฆใ็งปๅใใใใใ ่ใๆ ่ปใฏ้่ปขใชใใใชใใฎใงใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใชใใ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅใใชใใฃใใงใใญใ ่ใๆ ใใฏใใๆญฉใใฆ่ฟฝ่ทกใใใใใใฎใใๅฅฝใใจใใใใจใงใ ่ๆจใใ ่ๆจใใ ่ฟฝ่ทกใฏๆฅฝใใใงใใญ๏ฝ(็ฌ) ใงใๆฌๅฝใซไปๅฐใฏไฝใฟใใใ้ฝๅธ่ฆๆจกใ ใจๆใใพใใใ ๆฑไบฌใ ใจๅบใใใฆใ ่ใๆ ใณใใใฏในใฎๆใ่ฟใใฎใณใกใณใใงๆ่ฆใใใฎใงใใใ ๅ ็ใไปๅฐใง้ฃ่ผใๅงใใ้ ใฏใ ใณใใผใไธๆ40ๅใใใชใฉใไปๅฐใซไฝใฟใชใใ ้ฃ่ผใใใซใฏๅคงๅคใ ใจใใใใจใง ๆฑไบฌใซๅผ่ถใใใใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใ ๅฝๆใฏใพใ ๆฑๅๆฐๅนน็ทใ้้ใใฆใใชใใฆใ ๆฑไบฌใพใง้ป่ปใง4ๆ้ใฏใใใฃใใใงใใ ๅฎ ้ ใทในใใ ใใใฃใจใฏใญใใณใคใใใฎๅฎ ๆฅไพฟใ ใงใใใใใใฎๆๆใง ้ฑๅ่ชใง้ฃ่ผใใใฎใฏๅคงๅคใ ใฃใใใงใ ใใ่กใใใใใใชใ็ถๆณใงใใใ ่ใๆ ไปใงใฏใคใณใฟใผใใใใชใฉ้ไฟกๆ่กใๆฎๅใใ ใพใใใใใ่ช็ถ็ฐๅขใ่บซ่ฟใซใใไฝใฟใใใใชใฃใฆใ ้ใซใไปใ ใฃใใไปๅฐใซไฝใฟใชใใ้ฃ่ผใใฆใใใใชใ ใจๆใใใจใใใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใใพใใญใไปๅฐใซไฝใฟใชใใ้ฃ่ผใงใใใใใใงใใใญใ ่ใๆ ๅ ใปใฉใฎไผๅๅนธๅคช้ใใใๅงใใไปๅฐใซใไฝใพใใฎ ไบบๆฐไฝๅฎถใฎๆนใๅคใใใใงใใ ่ๆจใใ ๅฐ่ชฌๅฎถใฎๆนใฏใปใผๅ้กใชใใจๆใใพใใใ ใใณใฌใใใธใฟใซใงๆใใฆใใใฐใคใณใฟใผใใใใใใใฐ ้ใใพใใใฉใๅใฏใใใงใฏใชใใฎใงโฆใ ่ชฐใใ็ๅ็จฟใ็ขบๅฎใซ็ทจ้้จใซๅฑใใชใใจใใใชใใใงใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ34ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ34ๅทป๏ผ ่ใๆ ใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใใฏๆ็็บใง้ฃ่ผใงใใฆใใๅ ็ใ้ฃ่ผไธญใซ ไปๅฐใซไฝใใใจใฏใใฏใๅณใใใฎใงใใใใโฆ ่ๆจใใ ไปไบ้ขไฟใๅไบบ้ขไฟใจใใฃใ็ๆดปๅบ็คใไปใฏๆฑไบฌใซใใใฎใงใ ้ฃใใใงใใใใญโฆใ ใขใทในใฟใณใใใใใกใใๆฑไบฌใซไฝใใงใพใใใใ ็ฌฌ๏ผๅ ่กใจ่ช็ถใจใๅ ฑๅญใใไปๅฐใฎ้ญ ๅ 2011.2.17 ่ใๆ ๅ ็ใฏๅๅฐใๆ ใใใฆใใใใใใช่กใ ใ่ฆงใซใชใฃใฆใใใจๆใใพใใใ ไปใฎไปๅฐใฎ่กใฎ้ญ ๅใฏใฉใฎใใใซๆใใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใใ่กใจ่ช็ถใๅ ฑๅญใใฆใใๆใใฏใใใงใใใญใ ๅปบ็ฉใจๆจนๆจใจใใ ๅฎใฏใใใใ้ฝๅธใฃใฆใใใพใใชใใจๆใใพใใใ ้ขๆฑใ ใจ็ฎฑๆ นใชใฉใซใฏใใฎใใใช้ฐๅฒๆฐใ ใใใใใใใชใใงใใใๅฅ่ๅฐ็ใช่ฆ็ด ใใใฃใฆ ใพใ้ใใพใใ ๆฅๅธธ็ๆดปใฎไธญใซๆบถใ่พผใใ ่ช็ถใจใใๆๅณใงใฏใ ้่้ใๅฎ็ฆ ๅฏบ้ใฎใฑใคใญไธฆๆจใฎ้ขจๆฏใชใฉใฏใ ใพใใซไปๅฐใ่ฑกๅพดใใ้ญ ๅ็ใชใจใใใ ใจๆใใพใใ ้่้ใฎใฑใคใญไธฆๆจ ๏ผๅ่ใๆใฎ้ฝ็ทใฎๅๆ100้ธใ้่้ใฎใฑใคใญไธฆๆจ๏ผ ่ใๆ ไปๅฐ้ง ใซ้ใ็ซใฃใฆ้่้ใใฎใฑใคใญไธฆๆจใ่ฆใใจใ ไปๅฐใซๅธฐใฃใฆใใใชใจใใๆใใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใใใใใจใไปๅฐใซใฏใ ใชใผใใฃใชใ่ช่ปข่ปใๅคๆฌใจใใ่ถฃๅณใจใใใใ ใใฃใจใใใขใใฏใซใใ ใใฃใฆใใไบบใๅฎใฏ็ตๆงใใฆใ ใใใใๅบใใใใพใใใ ใชใผใใฃใชใ ใจใใฎใ ใใใใใจใใ ่ช่ปข่ปใ ใจใใทใฏใญใคใใฐใใใใใจใใ ๆฎ้ใฎ่กไธญใซใใใใใใ ใใฃใๅๅใๆฑใฃใฆใใ ใๅบใใใใใงใใใ ไธใคใฎ่กใซใใใใใใใใใใชใใ ใใใฎใๅบใ ใใ่กใจใใใฎใฏใๆฑไบฌใงใใใพใ่ฆใใใชใใใใใใชใใ ่ใๆ ่ช่ปข่ปใฎ่ฉฑใใงใพใใใใ ๅบ็ฌๅทใฏๅ ็ใ้ใใงใใใใ่ฅๆๅบใใใฏใ ๅทๆฒฟใใ่ช่ปข่ปใงๆฒณๅฃใฎ้ไธใพใง่กใใใใใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใ ไปฅๅใใฎๅๆใงใใทใฏใญใคใใฐใใใฎๅฑฑๅฃใใใซ ใไธ่ฉฑใซใชใใพใใใ ๅบ็ฌๅทใฉใคใๅ ฅ้vol๏ผ4 ๏ผๅ่ใๅบ็ฌๅทใฉใคใๅ ฅ้vol๏ผ4๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ๅใไปๅฐใซใใๆใใใใฃใจใใใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใ ใใใใงใใญใ ใใจ่ฒๅฑฑ้ๆฒณๆฒฟใใซใใตใคใฏใชใณใฐใญใผใใใใใพใใใญ๏ผ ่ฒๅฑฑ้ๆฒณ ๏ผๅ่ใๆใฎ้ฝ็ทใฎๅๆ100้ธใ่ฒๅฑฑ้ๆฒณ๏ผ ่ใๆ ใใใ2010ๅนดใซใฏใๆตทๅฒธๅ ฌๅใซใปใณใฟใผใใฆในใใงใใฆใ ใใใง่ช่ปข่ปใฎ่ฒธใๅบใใ่กใฃใฆใใพใใ ๅจ่พบใๆดๅใใใๅคใใฎไบบใใกใ ๆฅฝใใใใใใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ็ๆดปๅๅ ใซใใใใๆตทๆฐดๆตดๅ ดใในใญใผๅ ดใใใ่กใฃใฆใ ใใใใงใใใๆฌๅฝใซใ ๆฑไบฌใ ใจใในใญใผใซ่กใใซใใฆใไธๆณใๅๆใ ใฃใใใใฆใ ใใใใใ ใใง้ขๅใงโฆ ๆ ็ปใซ่กใใซใใๅ ดๆใซใใฃใฆใฏ ๏ผ๏ฝ๏ผๆ้ใใใฃใใใใพใใใใ ่ใๆ ไปๅฐๅธๅ ไธญๅฟ้จใใๆณใๅฒณใฎในใญใผๅ ดใ ๆทฑๆฒผใฎๆตทๆฐดๆตดๅ ดใๅบ็ฌๅทไธๆตใฎ่็ ฎไผใๆธฉๆณใ ใ ใใใใฉใใธใ30ๅๅๅ ใง่กใใพใใใญใ ๆณใถๅฒณในใญใผๅ ด ๏ผๅ่ใๆณใถๅฒณในใญใผๅ ด๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใใชใใงใใใ ใใจใๆ่ฟใฏ่กใๆญฉใใฆใใไบบใ ใใใถใใใกใใทใงใใใซใซใชใฃใใใใชๆฐใโฆใ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ ๅ ็ใไปๅฐใซใใใใ้ ใฏใ ใใพใใใกใใทใงใใใซใชใคใกใผใธใโฆ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใใชใใใๆใฏๅฅณใฎๅญใใใใพใใใใใชใใจใโฆ ่จใใใฆใพใใใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ไปใงใฏๅ จ็ถใใใชใใจใชใใงใใใ ่ใๆ ๅ ็ใฎๅญฆ็ๆไปฃใซใฏใ็งๆใฎๅญฆๆ กใๆต่กใฃใๆใ ใฃใใจ ๆใใพใใใๅฝๆใฏใฌใฏใฉใณใ็ใใใฆใใพใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ๅใฏใฌใฏใฉใณๆดพใงใใใญใ้ซๆ กใงใฏ็งๆ๏ผฏ๏ผซใงใใใใ ๆใ้ธใถใฎใใใฎใใก้ขๅใซใชใฃใฆ ใฟใใชใฌใฏใฉใณใซใชใฃใฆใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ใใธใงใธใงใใฎ็ปๅ ดไบบ็ฉใฏใใฟใชใใใฌใฏใฉใณใ ใฆใใใฉใผใ ใฟใใใซใชใฃใฆใใฆใๅ ็ใฎใฌใฏใฉใณใซๅฏพใใ ๆใๅ ฅใใ็ธๅฝใใใฎใงใฏใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไธ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ19ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไธ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ19ๅทป๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใฌใฏใฉใณใใใฃใฑใๆ ผๅฅฝใใใงใใใ ๅฎใฏใใใณใฌใฎใใกใใทใงใณใจใใฆไธ็ชๆ ผๅฅฝใใใฎใฏ ใฌใฏใฉใณใงใใใฏใญใผใบใใจใใใใใใใใฎใฏ ็ตถๅฏพใฌใฏใฉใณใ ใฃใใใใงใใใ ใใใงใฌใฏใฉใณใซใใใผใซๅใใใใใฃใฆใใใฎใใพใ ๆ ผๅฅฝใใใใงใใใญใ ใใใ็ทใฎ็พๅญฆใจใใฆใฎใใณใฌใฎ้ป้ๆน็จๅผใจใใใใ ๅคๅใ้ซๅๅฅใใใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใใใ ใจๆใใพใใใฉใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ47ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ47ๅทป๏ผ ็ฌฌ๏ผๅ ใใณใฌใจ็พๅฎไธ็ใจใฎ้ขใใ 2011.2.18 ่ใๆ ่ฟๅนดใงใฏใใใธใงใธใง่ธไบบใใจใใใใใฟใฌใณใใใใ ็ฑๅฟใชใใกใณใซใใใใธใงใธใง็ซใกใใชใฉใฎใ ใผใดใกใณใใ ่ฉฑ้กใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใ ใใณใฌใจใใใใฃใฏใทใงใณใใ ไปใพใงใจ้ใฃใๅฝขใง็พๅฎใธใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใๅใใงใใใจๆใใพใใใ ใใใใใใกใณใๅ ็ใฎไฝๅใ่งฃ้ใใฆ็ใไธใใฃใฆใใ ็ถๆณใซใคใใฆใฏใฉใใ่ฆงใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใธใงใธใง็ซใกใใซใคใใฆใฏใ่ชๅใงใใณใฃใใใใฆใใฆใ ไธใฎไธญใฎใปใใๅคใใฃใใใ ใชใจๆใใพใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใใจใใจใใธใงใธใงใใฎ็ปๅ ดไบบ็ฉใฎใใผใบใฏใ ใใกใณใฟใธใผๆงใๅบใใใใซใใใฆ ็พๅฎใซใฏใใใใชใใใผใบใๅใๅ ฅใใฆๆผๅบใใฆใใใใงใใ ๅฎ้ใฎไบบ้ใฎ้ข็ฏใฎๅฏๅ็ฏๅฒใฏใใใพใงใจใใใจใใใใ ใใใซ้็ใ่ถ ใใใจใใใพใงๆปใฃใฆ่กจ็พใใฆใใพใใใ ใใใๅฎ้ใซใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใโฆ ๅ็ใงใฟใใจใใกใใใจๅ็พใใฆใใใใงใใ๏ผ ไบบ้ใฎไฝใ้ฒๅใใใฎใใช๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ ๅ จใใฎไบๆณๅคใ ใฃใใฎใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ไบๆณๅคใจใใใ็ไผผใใฆๆฌฒใใใชใใจใใใใใใ ใใใใ็ไผผใใใใใชใ่กจ็พใซใใฆใใใฎใซใ ใใใซ็พๅฎใซ่ธใฟ่พผใใงใใใจใใโฆ ใชใใใใใฎ็บๆณใใใใฆ้ฉใใงใใใ ่ใๆ ้ฉใใใใจใๆใใพใใใๅ ็ใซใจใฃใฆใฏใใใ ๅฌใใใใจใ ใฃใใฎใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ๅฌใใโฆใจใใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใใใๅฅฝใใชใใใซๆฅฝใใใงใใใใใฐโฆ ใจๆใฃใฆใพใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ๆ่ฟใงใฏๅ ็ใๅทปใ่พผใพใใฆใไธ็ทใซใใผใธใณใฐใใใ ใใจใใใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใ ใฃใฆใใฃใฆใใ ใใใฃใฆ่จใใใใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ไปๆฅใฏใใใใใใใฒๅ ็ใจไธ็ทใซ ใใธใงใธใง็ซใกใใใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใพใใโฆใฃใฆใ็พๅฎใซใฏใงใใชใใใ ใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไบ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ4ๅทป (c)่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆ๏ผ้่ฑ็คพใใ ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไบ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ4ๅทป๏ผใ ่ใๆ ็งใไธญๅญฆ็ๆไปฃใซๅ ็ใฎไฝๅใซ่งฆใใใจใใฏใ ใใฃใจ็ดๆฅ็ใซใ็นๅพด็ใชใปใชใใชใฉใ ๅ้ๅๅฃซใง็ไผผใใใใจใใ่จๆถใใใใพใใใ ่ฟๅนดใฎใใใใ็ใไธใใใฏใ ใคใณใฟใผใใใใซใใๅฝฑ้ฟใๅคงใใใฎใงใฏใจใๆใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ็ขบใใซใใใใใใใชใใงใใญใ ่ใๆ ใคใณใฟใผใใใใ้ใใฆ่ฆ็ฅใใฌไบบๅๅฃซใ็ตใณใคใใฆ ๅ ฑๆใใใใๅ ฑๆใใใใจใใๆไปฃใชใฎใงใฏใจๆใใพใใใ ใใใใๅคๅใๅฎ้ใซๆใใใใใใจใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ๆใฏๅฃใณใใจใใฃใฆใ็ฏๅฒใฏ้ๅฎ็ใงใใใใ ็พไปฃใ ใจใใคใณใฟใผใใใใซใใไบๆณใฎใงใใชใ ๅฑ้ใใใใจๆใใพใใใ ใใ้ใซๆใใงใใญโฆ ใใฎใไฝๅใซใฏไบบ้ใฎๆฌๅฟใ็กๆ่ญใซใงใพใใใใ ไพใใฐๅๆฏใชๆใๆนใใใฆใใใจใใใถใ่ชญ่ ใฎๆนใฏ ่ฆๆใใจๆใใพใใใใใใใใใใ ใจ ๅขๅน ใใใใใใใฎใใใใใชใใงใใใญใ ่ใๆ ใใใใๆไปฃใ ใใใใใใใ่ช ๅฎใใๆฑใใใใ ใจใใใใจใชใฎใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใไธ่ฆๆใใใใใชใใใฉใ่ช ๅฎใซๆใใฆใชใใจ ใใใใใจใซใชใฃใฆ็ขบๅฎใซๅนใใฆใใโฆ ่ใๆ ไปฅๅๅ ็ใๆฑๅๅคงๅญฆใงใๅฃฒใใใใณใฌใใจใใใใผใใง ่ฌๆผใใใใใใงใใใใใฎใจใใใ ใๅฃฒใใใใใใซใใใ ใใ็ใฃใฆๆใใจใใใฎใงใฏใชใใฆใ ใฉใใชใซ่ฏใไฝๅใงใ็ตๆ็ใซๅฃฒใใชใใจใ่ชญ่ ใซ ๅฑใใชใใใใ ใใชใใ ใจใใ่ฉฑใใใใฆใใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใใๅฃฒใใใใใจใ ใใ็ใฃใไฝๅใจใ ่ชญ่ ใซๅฑใใใใใซ็ตๆ็ใซใๅฃฒใใใไฝๅใจใฎ้ใใฏใ ่ชญ่ ใฎๆนใฏ่ฆๆใใงใใใใ ใพใใใใใจใฏๅฅใซใใใใใงใฎ็บ่จใชใฉใงใใใใ็ฒพ็ฅใฏ ใใใฏใฃใใใจ่ฆๆใใใฆใใพใใฎใงใฏใชใใงใใใใใ ใคใณใฟใผใใใใฎๆธใ่พผใฟใฎๅ ๅฎนใใใ ใใใฎไบบใใใใชใใจๆใใใใ ่ใๆ ๅ ็่ช่บซใฏใใใคใณใฟใผใใใใงใใงใใฏใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ่ๆจใใ ๆใใใใใชใใใญใใใพใใใใชใใงใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ใชใในใ้ฟใใใใใใใจใใ ่ๆจใใ ไธ็ทใ็ปใใฆใใใใใจใใใใใใใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใ ใงใฏใชใใงใใใๅณใซไนใฃใใใจใ่จใใใใชใฎใง ่ช้ใฎใใใซ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใฏใใใณใฌใซ้ขใใฆใฏๅๆชใฎๅคๆญๅบๆบใ ่ถ ใใใใฎใใใๅท็ๅฟใใใใกใใฃใจใใใใใช้ขใ ่ฆๅใใใใพใใใใใฏใใใใใ้ขใซใฏ ๅ ็ใฎๆณใๅ ฅใใๅๆ ใใใฆใใใใใซๆใใฆใใพใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใ้จๅใใใใพใใใ้ฒไผดใฏๆงใใงใใญใ ในใผใใผใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆใฎใ ใใ ๅฐใใ ใใไฝๅใจใ่ธ่กใซๅฏพใใฆ ็ๆฏใงใชใใใจใธใฎๆใใชใฉใ่กจ็พใใฆใใพใใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ36ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ36ๅทป๏ผ ่ใๆ ใใใพใงใๆฅต็ซฏใชๅฝขใงใฎ่กจ็พใ ใจๆใใพใใใ ็ญ็ทจใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใฏๅใใชใใใงใฏใ้ฒไผดใๅๆใง ใคใฟใชใขใซ่กใใๆไผใฎๆบๆๅฎคใซๆฝๅ ฅใใฆใฟใฆ ไฝ้จใฎ้่ฆๆงใ่ชใใทใผใณใใใใพใใใ ใใกใณใจใใฆใฏใใใใใใจใใใซๅฎ้ใฎๅ ็ใฎๅงฟใ ้ใญใใใชใใจๆใใพใใ
ใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใฏๅใใชใใ(็ญ็ทจ้ใๆญปๅๅท่กไธญ่ฑ็้ฒ่กไธญใใใ ๏ผใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใฏๅใใชใใ(็ญ็ทจ้ใๆญปๅๅท่กไธญ่ฑ็้ฒ่กไธญใใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใฎ่พบใฏ็ขบใใซๅฎๆใๅๆ ใใฆใใใใใใใพใใใ ไปใ ใจใใใใง่ชฟในใใฐใปใจใใฉ ใใใใใใฎใฎๆ ๅ ฑใฏๅใใๆไปฃใ ใจๆใใพใใใ ๅ่ช่บซใฏใใฏใๅฎ้ใซไฝ้จใใไธใงๆใใใใงใใญใ ไพใใฐใคใฟใชใขๆ็ใฎ็ตตใๆใๆใ ๅฅใซ้ฃในใชใใฆใๅ็ใ่ฆใใใใฆๆใใพใใใ ใงใใๅใ ใฃใใใใฎๆ็ใฎๅใใๅ ใใ ใใ ๅฎ้ใซๅณใใใ็ขบใใใไธใงๆใใใใงใใ ใใฎ่พบใฏใ้ฒไผดใซใๅๆ ใใใฆใใใใชใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ33ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ33ๅทป๏ผ ็ฌฌ๏ผๅ ๆตทๅคใฎใใณใฌไบๆ 2011.2.19 ่ใๆ ไบฌ้ฝๅฝ้ใใณใฌใใฅใผใธใขใ ใงใฏใใใใณใฌใปใใผใใป ใซใผใดใซโ็พ่ก้คจใซ่ฟทใ่พผใใ ๏ผไบบใฎไฝๅฎถใใกโใ ใจใใ็นๅฅๅฑใงใใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใใซใผใดใซใซ่กใใใจใใ ๅฑ็คบใๅ ฌ้ใใใฆใใพใใใ (ๆณจ๏ผ2010ๅนด11ๆ5ๆฅ๏ฝ12ๆ3ๆฅใพใง้ๅฌ) ใพใใ2009ๅนดใซใซใผใดใซ็พ่ก้คจใฎไผ็ปๅฑใงใ ๆฅๆฌใฎใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆใซใผใดใซๅฒไธๅใจใชใ ไฝๅๅฑ็คบใใใใใจไผบใฃใฆใใพใใ ใกใชใฟใซไปๅๅ่กใใฆใใในใฟใใใงใใใ ้่ณใใใใใซใซใผใดใซ็พ่ก้คจใซ่กใฃใ่ ใใใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ๆฌๅฝใงใใ๏ผใใใใจใใใใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ ใใฎๆใฏใใฉใณในใงใๅคงๅคๅฅฝ่ฉใงใใฃใใจ ไผบใฃใฆใใพใใใไปใใใณใฌใๆฅๆฌใฎ่ชใ ็พไปฃใขใผใใจใใฆๆตทๅคใง่ฉไพกใใใๆไปฃใ ใจๆใใพใใ ็งใใกใๅญฆ็ๆไปฃใฏใใฉใกใใใจใใใจ ใใณใฌใซๅฏพใใใคใกใผใธใฏ่ฏใใชใใฆใ ๅญฆๆ กใฎๅ ็ใไธก่ฆชใชใฉใใใฏ ใใใณใฌใฐใใ่ฆใฆใใชใใงๅๅผทใใชใใใ ใจใใใใใชๆไปฃใ ใฃใใจๆใใพใใใ ใใฎๆไปฃใซๅ ็ใใใณใฌๅฎถใๅฟใใใจๆใใใ ๅๆฉใฏไฝใ ใฃใใฎใงใใใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ 70ๅนดไปฃใจใใใๆไปฃใฎ้ขจใใงใใใใใใใใๆฌๅฝใซ ใใใใชใใณใฌใๅบใฆใใๆไปฃใ ใฃใใใงใใ SFใใใใฐๆไปฃๅใใใใใ ใใฒใฒใฒใฎ้ฌผๅคช้ใใฟใใใชๅฆๆชใใณใฌใ ๆฅณๅณใใใๅ ็ใฎใใใชๆชๅฅใใณใฌใจใใ ใจใซใใใใใใใชไฝๅใไธๆฐใซๅบใฆใใๆๆใงใ ใใฎใจใใซใฎใผใใจใซใใใใใใฃใใ ่ใๆ ไธใคใฎใกใใฃใขใจใใฆใฎใจใใซใฎใผใ ใใใฏในใ ใฃใใฎใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใจใใใใใใๆฐใใๆไปฃใฎๅงใพใใจใใๆใ ใใใใใชใใ่ธ่กใงใใใจใซใใตใณในใจใใใใ ไธใคใฎ้ป้ๆไปฃใฎๅงใพใใจใใใใ ไปใใๆใใฐใใใชๆใใใใพใใ ่ใๆ ใใใซๅฝใฆใใใฆใใพใฃใฆใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใๅฝใฆใใใฆใใใโฆใปใใจใ ใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใใใใฆใใใใใชใใฃใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ ใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใใใใ ใใงใชใใไปใงใฏใขใผใใฃในใ ใจใใฆใซใผใดใซ็พ่ก้คจใซๅฑ็คบใใใใพใงใซใชใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใพใ ใพใ ใงใใใฉ(็ฌ)โฆใงใใญใ ๅฝๆใฏใใญใณ่ใใณใใๆใใใใงใใพใๅ ็ใใ ๅใจๅใๅนดใชใฎใซ้ซๆ ก็ใงใใใใญใซใชใฃใฆใใใจใใ ๆไปฃใงใใใๅใชใใๆฎ้ใซๅญฆๆ ก้ใฃใฆใใๆใงใ ใใใฃใๅใๅนดใงใใใใญใฎใใณใฌๅฎถใชใใ ๏ผใใฃใฆใ ใใฎๆใฏ็ฆใใพใใใญใ ใใใๅญฆๆ กใซ่กใฃใฆใใๅ ดๅใใใใชใ๏ผใใจ(็ฌ)ใ ใใใใๅใใใณใฌๆใใฆใๆฉใๆ็จฟใจใใใชใใจ ใใญใซใชใใชใใใจๆใใพใใใ ่ใๆ ใใใใ็ฌๅญฆใงในใฟใผใใใใฆโฆ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใๆฌๅฝใฏใขใทในใฟใณใใจใใใกใฃใจ ใใใใใฃใใงใใใใใฎๅใซ็ฌใ็ซใกใใฆใใพใฃใฆโฆ ไบๅๆญณใฎใจใใซใใใฅใผใใใฆใใใ ใใใใงใใ ่ใๆ ๅ ใปใฉ็ณใไธใใพใใใใใซใไปใงใฏใใณใฌใๆตทๅคใงใ ่ฉไพกใใใๆไปฃใงใใใใใใฅใผใใใฆใใ ใใใพใงใฎใใณใฌใๅใๅทปใ็ฐๅขใฎๅคๅใฏ ใฉใฎใใใซๆใใใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใณใฌใซใฏใไพใใฐในใใผใชใผใ้ข็ฝใใจใใ ็ปใใใพใใจใใใใถใคใณใ็ด ๆดใใใใจใใฃใใ ใใใใใช่ฆ็ด ใใๆใ็ซใค็ทๅ่ธ่ก็ใช้ญ ๅใ ใใใจๆใใพใใ ใงใใใใฎใใกใฎใฉใใไธใคใ ใใงใๆ็ซใใใจ ๆใใใงใใ่ฉฑใ้ข็ฝใใชใใฆใใ็ปใใใพใใจ ใใใงใใญใจใใฆๆใ็ซใฃใใใใใใงใใญใ ๆฎ้ใ ใฃใใใใฎในใใผใชใผใ ใจๅนผ็จใ ใชใ ใจใใใใฎใงใๅฃฒใใกใใใใงใใ ๅฃฒใใใจใใใใ่ธ่กใจใใฆๆใ็ซใคใใงใใญใ ้ใซใ็ปใใใใฏๅญไพใๆใใใฎ๏ผใจใใไฝๅใงใใ ใจใซใใในใใผใชใผใ้ข็ฝใใฃใใใ ใใใใช้ญ ๅใใใใใงใใใ ใงใใๅใซใฏ็่งฃใงใใชใใใฎใใใใพใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ใใใฏใใใใจๆ้ใๅใใใใฎใฏไปใงใใใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใใฏใใใใใใใใใพใใ ่ฅใไบบใใกใฏใใใใงใใใ ใงใ้ใซใ็ปใใใพใใชใใใในใใผใชใผใ้ข็ฝใใ ใใใใชใใใฉๅฃฒใใใใจใใไฝๅใใใใพใใญใ ่ใๆ ๆฑๅๅคงๅญฆใงใฎ่ฌๆผๆใซใในใใผใชใผใฏ ่ตทๆฟ่ปข็ตใ้ๅธธใซๅคงไบใจใใ่ฉฑใใใใฆใใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใๅฎๅ จใซๅคใใฆใใใใณใฌใงใใ ใใชใใใกใณใใใใใจใโฆ ใใใฏใใใงใใใใใงใใใฉใญใ ่ใๆ ใใใใๆใฎๅบใใจใใใฎใใใณใฌใฎๆใค ้ญ ๅใใใใใพใใใญใไธๆนใงใๆตทๅคใงใฏ ใใณใฌใฏใฉใฎใใใซๅใๆญขใใใใฆใใใฎใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใฉใณในใฎใใณใฌใฏใใใณใใปใใทใใใจใใใฎใงใใใ ใใฎๆใๆนใฏใใกใใจใฏๆใใใซ้ใใพใใ ไพใใฐใๆฅๆฌใงใฏใพใ่กจ็ดใซไธปไบบๅ ฌใๆใใใงใใใ ใกใคใณใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใใใผใณ๏ผใจใ ใใใใใซใผใดใซใฎในใฟใใใฏ่กจ็ดใซใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใ ๆใใฆใใใใชใจใใใใงใใ ใซใผใดใซ็พ่ก้คจใฏไบบ็ฉใฎ่ๆฏใจใใฆๆใใฆใใใฎใซใ ่ๆฏใฎใซใผใดใซใใกใคใณใงๆใใฆใใใฃใฆใ ็ขบใใซใใฉใณในใฎใใณใใปใใทใใ่ฆใฆใใใจใ ่กจ็ดใฎใกใคใณใ่ๆฏใชใใงใใใ
ไธปไบบๅ ฌใฏใฉใใชใฃใฆใใพใใฎใงใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ไธปไบบๅ ฌใฏ่ๆฏใฎใฉใใใซใ ใ๏ฝใ่ฆใใจๅฐใใๅใฃใฆใใใใจใใ ๅปบ็ฉใฎไธใ้ฃใใงใใ้ฃ่กๆฉใซ ใกใใฃใจไนใฃใฆใใใใจใใ ้่ปขใใฆใใ่ปใฎๆ็ธฆๅธญใใใกใใฃใจ ่ฆใใฆใใใใจใ(็ฌ)ใ ใใใใ็ปใๆใใฆใใใฃใฆ่จใใใพใใใ ้ใซใๆฅๆฌใฎๅ ดๅใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซใใกใใทใงใณ้่ชใฎ ่กจ็ดใฎๆงใซไธปไบบๅ ฌใๅใซใฌใผใณ๏ผใจๅบใฆใใใ ใใใฏใพใใง้ใใพใใญใ ่ใๆ ๆญฃๅๅฏพใฎไพกๅค่ฆณใชใฎใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใ ใใใใๆฅๆฌใฏใใใใใใๆนใชใใงใใใฃใฆ ่ชฌๆใใฆๆใใใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใชใใชใๅใใฃใฆใใใใชใใฃใใงใใใ ใๆฅๆฌไบบใฎใใณใฌๅฎถใซไพ้ ผใใใใ ใใใ ๆฅๆฌใฎใใณใฌใฎๆนๆณ่ซใงใใใใฆไธใใใใจ ่ชฌๅพใใพใใใ ่ใๆ ๅ ็ใใใใฅใผใใใๅฝๆใฎ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใงใฏใ 10m้ขใใฆใ่ฆใฆใ่ชฐใไฝ่ ใชใฎใๅใใ็ปใๆใใ ใจใใใฎใๅบๆฌใ ใฃใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใใใงใใ ่ใๆ ใงใใใใจใฏ้ใงใๅใใฎไบบใฏไธ็ฎใง่ชฐใๆใใใฎใ ๅใใใชใใฆใใใใใจใ ่ๆจใใ ใพใๅ จไฝ็ใชใ ใผใใๆใใฆใใใใจใใๆใใงใใญใ ใใชใใชใใซใผใดใซ็พ่ก้คจใใฉใๆใใพใใใใฟใใใชใ ใใใพใงใใซใผใดใซใใกใคใณใจใใ่ใๆนใงใใญใ ่ใๆ ใใธใงใธใงใใฎไฝ่ ใจใใใใใใใขใผใใฃในใใจใใ ไฝ็ฝฎใฅใใ ใฃใใฎใใใใใพใใใญใ ็ฌฌ๏ผๅ ไปๅพใฎไปๅฐๅธใจใธใงใธใงไฝๅใจใฎ้ขใใใฏ๏ผ 2011.2.20 ่ใๆ ็ขบใใซๆฌง็ฑณใงใฏใใใณใฌใใขใใกใฏๅญไพใฎใใฎใงใ ๅคงไบบใ่ฆใใใฎใงใฏใชใใจใใๅบๅใใ ใฏใฃใใใชใใใฆใใใใใงใใญใ ๆใ ใใกใณใฏใ่ๆจๅ ็ใ้ใซไธ็ใซ่ชใใใใฆ ใซใผใดใซ็พ่ก้คจใซๅฑ็คบใใใใใจใใใใจใง ๅฌใใๆใฃใฆใใพใใใๅ ็ใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ ใใณใฌๅฎถใฎ็ซๅ ดใจใขใผใใฃในใใฎ็ซๅ ดใง ่่คใใใฃใใฎใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ่่คใจใใใใใใใใ้ใใใฏใฃใใใจๆใใพใใใญใ ่ใๆ ไบฌ้ฝใฎๅฑ่ฆงไผใงใฏใใจใผใญใใใฎไฝๅฎถใใใจ ไธ็ทใซๅฑ็คบใใใฆใใพใใใใใฎไฝๅฎถใใใใกใจใฎ ไบคๆตใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใฎๆๆฅๆฅใใใฆใใใใใณใฉใปใใปใฐใฌใทใผใใใซใฏ ใไผใใใพใใใ ่ใๆ ๆฅๆฌ่ช่จณใๅบ็ใใใ้ใซๆจ่ฆใฎๅธฏใ ๆธใใใใใใงใใญใ ๅ ็ใฎไฝๅใจ็ธ้ใใใจใใใฏใใใฎใงใใใใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใใ้ใใพใใญใ่ชญใฟๅณใจใๅ จ็ถ้ใใใงใใใ ่ใๆ ใใกใณใฎๆนใ้ๅถใใใฆใใใตใคใใง ็ดนไปใใใฆใใพใใใใๅ ็ใฎใใกใณใชใใฐใ ใใใฏใใใงใฒใจใคใฎๅฎๆใใใๅฅๅฆใชไธ็ใฎใใใซ ใฟใใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใ็ปใใใฎใใใไธๆใใงใใ ่ใๆ ใใใฏใใณใฌใจใใใใใ็ตต็ปใจใใฆใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใชใใใญใใใๅคงไบบใใ่ถใจใ ใ้ ใ้ฃฒใฟใชใใใใฃใใ้่ณใใใใใชใคใกใผใธใงใ ๆฅๆฌใฎใใณใฌใฟใใใซ้ป่ปใฎไธญใจใใงใใผใใจ่ชญใ ๆใใงใฏใชใใงใใญใ ่ใๆ ใขใผใใจใใฆ้่ณใใใใใชใคใกใผใธใงใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใฏใคใณ็ๆใซ้่ณใใชใใใใใณใผใใฟใใใช(็ฌ)ใ ใใใใฏ้ฑๆซใฎๅๅพใฏใใใ่ฆณใชใใ ใใฃใใ้ใใใใใชใใฟใใใชๆใใงใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไบ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ48ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไบ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ48ๅทป๏ผ ่ใๆ ๆฅๆฌใงใใใใชใใณใฌๆๅใใใใฐ้ข็ฝใใงใใญใ ๅ ็ใฎ็ป้ใชใฉใฏใใใใใใใใใๆฅฝใใฟๆนใ ใงใใใจๆใใพใใ ็ป้็ญ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใ่ฆ็ด ใๅฐใใใคๅใๅ ฅใใใใจใฏๆใใพใใใ ใงใใ้ป่ปใฎไธญใง่ชญใใฃใฆใใใทใใฅใจใผใทใงใณใ ใพใๅคงๅใชใใ ใใญใ ่ใๆ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใใพใงๅพ ใกใใใชใๆฅฝใใฟใจใใใฎใ ใใใพใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใใใๆฅ้ฑใฉใใชใใใ ใใชใ๏ฝใใฃใฆใ ๅใๅญไพใฎใจใใฏใๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใฏๆฌๅฝใฏ ็ซๆๆฅ็บๅฃฒใชใฎใซใไปๅฐ้ง ใ ใใฏๆๆใฎๅคๆนใซ ่ฒทใใใใงใใ๏ผใใไธๅปใๆฉใ่ชญใฟใใใฆ ้ง ใพใง่ฒทใใซ่กใฃใฆใพใใใ ใใใใใฎใฏๅฟ ่ฆใงใใใญใ ่ใๆ ใฏใฏใฏใฏๆใจใใใพใใใ็ถใใใฉใใชใใใ ใใใ ใจใใๆฅฝใใฟใ็ๆดปใฎไธญใซใใใฎใฏๅคงไบใงใใใญใ ใใฎๆๅณใงใใณใฌใฎๅฝนๅฒใฏใๅคงใใใจๆใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใ ใจๅฌใใใงใใใฉใญใ ่ใๆ ใใใใฆ่ฉฑใไผบใฃใฆใใใจใๅ ็ใฎใขใคใใณใใฃใใฃใฏ ใใชใไปๅฐใง็ใพใ่ฒใฃใใใจใซ่ตทๅ ใใ้จๅใ ใใชใใใใใใซๆใใพใใใใใฎใๆดป่บใ ใใธใงใธใงใไฝๅใ็ฅใฃใฆใใไปๅฐๅธๆฐใฏๅคใใฆใใ ๅฎ้ใซใๅบ่บซใไปๅฐใ ใจใใใใจใฏใใใพใ ็ฅใใใฆใใชใใใใชๆฐใใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใใใใชใใงใใญใๅ่ช่บซใใพใไปๅฐใ ใขใใผใซใใฆใใชใใฃใใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ใใพใใพใใพใใใฎๆฉไผใ็กใใฃใใใใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ไธปไบบๅ ฌใๆ ใใใในใใผใชใผใๅคใใฎใงใ ๅ่ช่บซใใฉใใใซๅฎไฝใใฆใใใคใกใผใธใ ใชใใฎใใใใใชใโฆ ใใธใงใธใงใใงๆฅๆฌใ่ๅฐใจใใฆใใใฎใฏใ ็ฌฌๅ้จใฎๆ็็บใทใชใผใบใ ใใ ใใ ่ใๆ ใงใใ็ฌฌๅ้จใงๅคงใใใใกใณๅฑคใๅบใใฃใใจๆใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ไปๅบฆใฏใใฃใจใใฎ่พบใใขใใผใซใใพใใใ ๆ็็บใ่ๅฐใซใใฆใใใฎใฏใใใธใงใธใงใใฎไฝ่ ใ ไปๅฐๅธๅบ่บซใ ใใใ ใ๏ผใฃใฆ(็ฌ)ใ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ ใใฒใ้กใใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ใงใใญใๆฎบไบบ้ฌผใจใๅบใฆใใ่ฉฑใงใใใใ ไปๅฐๅธๆฐใฎๆนใๆใใฎใงใฏใชใใใจใใๅฟ้ ใ ๅผทใใใงใใๆฌๅฝใซไปๅฐใฎไบบใใกใซ ใ่ฟทๆใใใใใใใใชใใใใ ่ใๆ ไปๅนด(โปๆณจ2010ๅนด)ใฏๅธๅ ใงใไบไปถใใใใ ไปๅฐใๅ จๅฝ็ใซๆณจ็ฎใใใๆๆใใใใพใใใใ ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใๅงใพใ่ชๅใฎไฝใใงใใใจใใใงใใ ใใใใไบไปถใ่บซ่ฟใซๆใใๆไปฃใซๆฎๅฟตใชใใ ใชใใคใคใใใใใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใกใ่้ฃพๅบไบๆๅ ฌๅๅๆดพๅบๆใใฎใใใซ ่กใซใจใฃใฆ่ฏใใคใกใผใธใใใใใใชไฝๅใงใใใฐ ่ฏใใฎใงใใใใใๅใฎไฝๅใฎใคใกใผใธใ ใจใ ใกใใฃใจโฆ(็ฌ)ใ ใใใพใๅคงใ ็ใซไปๅฐใใใใใ่ๅฐใจใใใฎใฏ ๆฐใๅผใใพใใ ่ใๆ ใจใใใงใไปฅๅๅ ็ใซใจใณใใใฐใฎใใถใคใณใ ใ้กใใใใใจใใใใพใใใใๅ ็ใซๆใใฆ ใใใ ใใใใฎใฏๅคงไบบๆฐใง ใใฃใจใใ้ใซใชใใชใฃใฆใใพใใพใใฆใ ใจใณใใใฐ ่ๆจใใ ๅฌใใใงใใญใใจใณใใใฐใงๅฐใใฏไปๅฐๅธใซ ่ฒข็ฎใงใใใฎใใชใ ่ใๆ ๅคงๅค่ฉฑ้กใจใชใฃใใฎใงใใใใจใณใใใฏใฎๅถไฝๆๆฐ ่ชไฝใใใใปใฉๅคใใฏใชใใฆใใใฃใจใใ้ใซ ใณใฌใฏใฟใผใขใคใใ ใซใชใฃใฆใใพใฃใใฟใใใงใใ ่ๆจใใ ๅธๆฐใฎ็ใใใซๅใใงใใใ ใใใชใใ ไปๅพใ้ ๅผตใใพใใ ่ใๆ ใใธใงใธใงใใใกใณใฎ็ใใใฏใไปๅฐใ ่ๅฐๅทก็คผใจใใฆ่จชใใๆนใใใใฃใใใใใใงใใใ ใพใไปๅฐๅธใงใฎใใธใงใธใง็ซใกใใๅคงๅค็ใไธใใฃใใจ ไผบใฃใฆใใใพใใฎใงใใใฒใไปๅฐใงใใธใงใธใงใใ ใชใขใซใซๆใใฆใใใใใใจๆใใพใใ ใกใชใฟใซไปๅฐๅธใงใฏใๅฝซๅปใฎใใใพใกใฅใใไบๆฅญใใ ่กใฃใฆใใฆใๅธใฎใทใณใใซใงใใๅฎ็ฆ ๅฏบ้ใใฎ ใฑใคใญไธฆๆจใฎไธใชใฉใซใใใใกใณใซใฏใใธใงใธใงใใฎ ไธ็่ฆณใๆใใใใๅฝซๅปใใใใพใใใ ๅฎ็ฆ ๅฏบ้ใฎๅฝซๅปใฎๅ็ ๏ผๅ่ใๅฎ็ฆ ๅฏบ้ใฎๅฝซๅปใใจใใชใชใปใฐใฌใณไฝใๅคใฎๆใๅบใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใใใพใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ็ฑๅฟใชใใกใณใฎๆนใงใใใใใใธใงใธใงใใจใฏ ๅ จใ้ขไฟใใชใใฆใใๆปใใใๅ ฅใฃใๅฝซๅปใ่ฆใฆ ๅใฐใใใจๆใใพใใใๅฎ้ใซใใธใงใธใงใใ ใขใใผใใจใใไฝๅใไปๅฐๅธใง้่ณใงใใใใๅ จๅฝใใ ใใกใณใฎๆนใใใใใไปๅฐๅธใ่จชใใฆใใใใจๆใใพใใ ใกใชใฟใซใไปๅฐๅธๅฝนๆใซใใใธใงใธใงใใฎ็ฑๅฟใช ใใกใณใใใฆใ ไฝๅใซ็ปๅ ดใใใจใใฝใผใใ ๅๆใชใฉใๅทกใใซใผใใ่จญๅฎใใฆใไปๅฐๅธใจใใฆใ ใปใผใซในใใคใณใใใคใใใใจใใไผ็ปใใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใใชใๆใๅคใ(็ฌ)ใใงใๅคขใฎใใใช่ฉฑใจใใฆใฏใ ใชใใ ใใๆฅฝใใใใงใใญใ ่ใๆ ๅฎ้ใซ้่ๅบ่ฑไบฌ้ขใซใใ้ตไพฟๅฑใชใฉใใใกใณใฎๆนใ ่จชใใฆใใ้ตไพฟๅฑใชใฎใซใใฃใฑใ็ท่ฒใ ๏ผใใจใใ่ฉฑใ ใใฃใใใใงใใๆฎ้ใฎ้ตไพฟๅฑใ ใใงใชใใ ่กใฎใใใใชใจใใใซใใธใงใธใงใใฏใผใซใใ ่ฆๅบใ็ฑๅฟใชใใกใณใฎๆนใใใใใใงใใ ็ฌฌ๏ผๅ ไปๅฐๅบ่บซ่ ใฏใใคใพใงใ่ฅใ๏ผ๏ผ 2011.2.21 ่ใๆ ใใธใงใธใง็ซใกใใใใใงใใใใใฃใฏใทใงใณใฎไธ็ใซ ใจใฉใพใใใไฝๅใฎ้ญ ๅใ็พๅฎไธ็ใซไพต้ฃใใฆใใฆ ใใใจใใใใจใ ใจๆใใพใใ ใพใใ2010ๅนดใฎNHKๆใฎใใฌใใใฉใๅฐ่ชฌใง ใใฒใฒใฒใฎๅฅณๆฟใใๅคงใใใใใฆใ ใขใใซใจใชใฃใๆฐดๆจใใใๅ ็ใฎๆ ้ทใซ ใใใใใฎ่ฆณๅ ๅฎขใๆผใๅฏใใใใใซใชใฃใใใใงใใ ใใฌใๆพๆ ๅใฏใใใกใณใฎๆนใ่จชใใใใใใ ใฃใใฎใใ ๆพๆ ๅพใซใฏไบบๅฃใฎๆฐๅใฎไธ่ฌใฎ่ฆณๅ ๅฎขใ่จชใใใใใซ ใชใฃใใใใงใ็ตๆธๅนๆใจใใฆใๅคงใใชๅนๆใใใฃใใจใ ่ๆจใใ ๆฐดๆจๅ ็ใ่ช่บซใใใ็ด ๆดใใใใงใใใใญใ ่ใๆ ใใฃใใใงใใใใไปๅพใฏไฝใไปๅฐๅธใงใใ ใใใธใงใธใงใใฎไฝ่ ใป่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใฎใซใผใใฏใใใซใใใ ใฟใใใชไผ็ปใชใฉใงใใใใจๆใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใ้ๅธธใซๅ ๆ ใชใใงใใโฆๆ็ธฎใใฆใใพใใพใใ ่ใๆ ใๅญใใใจๆใใพใใใไปๅฐๅธใฏ่ช็ถ็ฐๅขใซๆตใพใใฆ ใใใใฎใฎใๆญฃ็ดใชใจใใๅ จๅฝใใใฉใฃใจไบบใ ๆผใๅฏใใ่ฆณๅ ๅฐใจใใใใใใใฉใกใใใจใใใฐ ๅฎ้ใซๆฎใใใฆใฟใฆใ ใใใชใใจๆใๅๅฐๆใ ใจๆใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใ ่ใๆ ใงใใใใไปๅฐใฎ่ฏใใPRใใไธใงใใฏใ ใไบบใใใซใฎใซใชใใจๆใใพใใ ไปๅฐใฎ่ฏใใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใ ใใ ๅฎ้ใซไฝใใงใฟใฆใใใ ใใฆใ ใใใๆฌๅฝใซ็ด ๆดใใใใงใใญใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใใ ใใใใซใฏใใใใงๆฎใใไบบใใก่ช่บซใ ใใใจใใใ ใจๅฎๆใใฆใใใใจใฏๅๆใงใใใ ใใฎไธใงไบบใจไบบใจใฎใคใชใใใซใใฃใฆ ้ญ ๅใ็บไฟกใใฆใใใใจใๅคงๅใ ใจๆใใพใใ ใใธใงใธใงใใใกใณๅๅฃซใซใฏ้ๅธธใซๅบใ็ตใใใใจ ๆใใพใใใใไปๅฐๅธใฎๅฐๅๆฏ่ใ้ญ ๅใฎ็บไฟกใจใใ ่ฆณ็นใใใใใฒๅ ็ใฎใๅๅใใใใ ใใใฐใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใใพใใ ใๆฐดๆจใใใใญใผใใใชใใฌ ใ่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใใธใงใธใงใใญใผใใใงใใจใใ ่ๆจใใ ๆฌๅฝใซๅคขใฟใใใช่ฉฑใงใใญใ ไปๅฐๅธใฎใใใซๅๅใงใใใใจใใใฃใใ ใใใใใไฝใใงใใใฐใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใ ่ใๆ ใใใใจใใใใใพใใ ็ๅฝ็งๅญฆ็ ็ฉถ่ ใฎ็ฌ่คๅ ๅฉใใใใ ใขใกใชใซใฎๅปๅญฆ็็ฉๅญฆ่ชใcellใใฎ่กจ็ด็จใคใฉในใใ ๅ ็ใซใชใฏใจในใใใใใใใซใ ใชใขใซใฟใคใ ใงใใธใงใธใงใใ่ชญใใง่ฒใฃใไธไปฃใใ ไฝๅใใๅใใๅฝฑ้ฟใใใณใฌไปฅๅคใฎใใฃใผใซใใงใ ใฉใใฉใ็พใๆไปฃใซใชใฃใฆใใใจๆใใพใใ ใพใใๆฐใใช่ฅใ่ชญ่ ใๅขใใฆใใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใๅฌใใใงใใญใ ใใใใใๅน ๅบใไธไปฃใซๆธกใฃใฆ่ชญใใงใใใ ใใใ ใใใงใใญ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅๆฐดๆจๅ ็ใฎใใใซใ ่ใๆ ใใฏใ้ทใ้ฃ่ผใใใฆใใใใใใใ ใใใใๆๅณใงใๅบใใขใใผใซใงใใใจๆใใพใใฎใง ไปๅพใๆซๆฐธใใๆดป่บใ้กใฃใฆใใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ๆฐดๆจๅ ็ใฏใใใใ90ๆญณใซใชใใใพใใใ ใใใงใใชใ็ด ๆดใใใใงใใใญใ ่ใๆ ไปฅๅๅ ็ใฏใ้ฑๅ่ช้ฃ่ผใงใฏ้ๅธธใซไฝๅใๆถ่ใใใฎใงใ ้ฃ่ผใฏ50ๆญณใใใใ้็ใใจใใใใใชใใจใ ใใฃใใใฃใฆใใพใใใ็พๅจใฏๆๅ่ชใงใฎ้ฃ่ผใจใชใใ ้ฑๅ่ชใใใฏใใใใใ่ฒ ๆ ใๆธใฃใใจๆใใพใใใ ไปๅพใฏใฉใฎใใใใพใงใงใใใๅคงไธๅคซใจ ๆใใใใฆใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใโฆใใใฐใฃใใใฏใๆฌๅฝใซๅใใใชใใงใใญใ ใงใใใใจ10ๅนดใฏๆไฝใงใใใใใใงใใญใ ่ใๆ ๅ ็ใฏ1960ๅนด็ใพใใจไผบใฃใฆใใพใใใ ใใใใฆใ่ฉฑใไผบใฃใฆใใชใใใ ๆญฃ็ดใซ็ณใไธใใพใใใจใฆใใใใฏ่ฆใใพใใใ ๅใงใฏใใธใงใธใงใใฎ็ปๅ ดไบบ็ฉใใกใจๅใใ ใๆณข็ดไฝฟใใใงใใจใใ ๅฅฅๆงใๆณข็ดใฎไฝฟใๆใงใใ่ชๅฎ ใงใๆณข็ดใใ ๆตดใณใฆใใใจใโฆ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไบ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ11ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไบ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ11ๅทป๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใๆญณ็ธๅฟใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใๆณข็ดใใใใชใใฆโฆไปๅฐใฎไบบใฏใ ็ใใ่ฅใใใใ ใจๆใใพใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ๅ ็ใซ้ใใไปๅฐๅบ่บซ่ ใฏ่ฅใ่ฆใใไบบใๅคใใจใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใ่ช็ถ็ฐๅขใๆฐๅใจใใใ็ฑณใ้ฃใน็ฉใจใโฆ ใใใใ่ฆ็ด ใใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ ใงใฏๅ ็ใใใฎใพใพๅคใใใใใใจ็งใใกไปๅฐๅธๆฐใใ ใใคใพใงใ่ฅใ ใใใใธใงใธใงใใๆฅฝใใใใจใ ใงใใพใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใงใใใใฎไปไบใฏๆฌๅฝใซๅฑใชใใใงใใใ ๆฒนๆญใงใใพใใใใใ ๆๅกๅ ็ใฏ60ๆญณใงไบกใใชใใใฆใใพใใใ ่ใๆ ๅตไฝใซใจใใซใฎใผใๆณจใ่พผใใงใใพใใใ ใชใฎใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใฉใใใฆใ็ก็ใใฆใใพใใฎใใใใใชใใงใใญใ ่ฅใๆใจใฏ้ใฃใฆใใๅพนๅคใงใใชใใฎใซใ ๆใใฆใใใจใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใจใใ ่ใๆ ๆใใฆใใใจใขใใฌใใชใณใๅบใฆ ็ฒใใๆใใใใชใใชใฃใฆใใพใฃใใใใใฎใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ้ไธญใใฆใใใใใใฃใจใใ้ใซๆ้ใ้ฃใณใพใใใใ ๆฐใฅใใใไฝๆ้ใๅใๅงฟๅขใงๆใ็ถใใฆใใฆใ ่ ฐใใใโฆ(่ฆ็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ใพใใงใใฃใขใใญใฎในใฟใณใใใญใณใฐใฏใชใ ใพใณใ ใฎๆปๆใซใใฃใใฟใใใซใๆ้ใๆถใ้ฃใณใ ่ ฐใฎ็ใฟใ ใใๆฎใใ ็งใใกใใๆณข็ดใใไฝฟใใใฎใงใใใใ ๅ ็ใซ็ๅฝใจใใซใฎใผใ้ใใใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไบ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ59ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไบ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ59ๅทป๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใจใใใใใพใใ ใใคใงใใจใใซใฎใผใฏๆฌฒใใใงใใฎใง(็ฌ)ใ ใงใไปๆฅใฏใ็ใใใใๅ ๆฐใฎใจใใซใฎใผใ ใใใใใใใ ใใๆฐใใใพใใใ ็ฌฌ๏ผๅ ่ๆจๅ ็ใใใฎใกใใปใผใธ 2011.2.22 ่ใๆ ใงใฏๆๆฐไฝใฎ่ฉฑใใไผบใใใพใใ ๅ ๆฅ(2010ๅนด11ๆ)ใ็ฌฌ๏ผ้จใSBRใใฎ็ฌฌ22ๅทปใ ็บๅฃฒใใใพใใใใใฎไธญใงใ ๆใ ่กๆฟๆฉ้ขใงๅใ่ทๅกใซใจใฃใฆ ้ๅธธใซๅฐ่ฑก็ใชใจใใฝใผใใใใใพใใใ ใใฎไธใฎไธๅนธใใฉใใ่ชๅใใกใฎไฝใๅฐๅใจใฏ ๅฅใฎไธ็ใธ่ฟฝใใใใจใใ็ตถๅคงใช่ฝๅใๅพใ ใขใกใชใซๅคง็ตฑ้ ใใไธ็ไธญใฎใในใฆใฎไบบ้ใ ๅนธใใซใชใใใจใฏใใใใชใใฎใงใ ่ชๅใฏๆๅฝๅฟใซๅบใฅใใฆใใใฎ่ฝๅใไฝฟใฃใฆ ๆญฃใใ่กใใใใฆใใใจไธปๅผตใใใทใผใณใใใใพใใ ่กๆฟ่ทๅกใจใใฆใฏใใใๅคใใฎๅธๆฐใๅนธใใ ๆใใใใใใใชๆฝ็ญใ่กใใใจใ่ใใชใใใ ไธๆนใงใในใฆใฎๅธๆฐใซใจใฃใฆๆบ่ถณใฎใใๆฝ็ญใฏ ้ฃใใใจใใใธใฌใณใใใใใ ใใฏใใใฎๅคง็ตฑ้ ใฎไธปๅผตใซใ ่ฏใใใใใจใใใใใใใใซๆใใฆใใพใใพใใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไธ้จใ๏ผณ๏ผข๏ผฒใใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ22ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไธ้จใ๏ผณ๏ผข๏ผฒใใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ22ๅทป๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ไบใๆญใฃใฆใใใๆนใใใใจๆใใพใใใฉใ ใใฎใดใกใฌใณใฟใคใณๅคง็ตฑ้ ใฏใๆชๅฝนใงใใใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ๅ่ใซใใชใใง(็ฌ)ใใงใใๅฎใฏใใๆๅณใงใฏ ใใฎไธปๅผตใๆญฃใใใจใใๆชๅฝนใซใใใใฃใใใงใใ ่ใๆ ใใใงใใใญใๅฎ้ใในใใผใชใผไธใงใฏไธปไบบๅ ฌใ ใใฎใทใผใณใงใใใ๏ผ้้ใฃใฆใใใฎใฏๅ๏ผใ ใฟใใใชๆใใงโฆ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใใๆบใใฆใใพใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไธ้จใ๏ผณ๏ผข๏ผฒใใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ22ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไธ้จใ๏ผณ๏ผข๏ผฒใใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ22ๅทป๏ผ ่ใๆ ๅ ็ใใๆชๅฝนใใจ่จใใใใฎใงใใฎใปใชใใ ็ใซๅใใฆใใพใฃใฆใฏใใกใชใใงใใใใใ ใชใผใใผใทใใใจใใฆใฏใใใชใฎใใชใใจใๆใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใ็พๅฎไธ็ใงใฏใใใ ใจๆใใพใใใ ๅ่ช่บซใใใฎๅคง็ตฑ้ ใฎใใใชใชใผใใผใทใใใฎๆนใใ ๆฌๅฝใฏๅฅฝใใงใใ ่ใๆ ไธใซ็ซใคใใฎใจใใฆใฏใใใฏใใใใใ่ฆๆใ ่่ฒ ใๅฟ ่ฆใใใใจใ ่ๆจใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใๅ จๅกใซใจใฃใฆใฎๅนธใใ็ก็ใชใใใใฏใใฉใใใซ ่ฆ็นใ็ฝฎใใฆ่ใใชใใใฐใใใชใใงใใใใใใ ็ตๅฑ็ฉไบใซใใใฆ็ตถๅฏพ็ใซๆญฃใใใจใๆชใใใจใฃใฆ ใใใชใซใชใใจๆใใพใใใ ใใใใใ ใใใใใ ใจใใ็ทๅผใใ้่ฆใ ใใ ๆฟๆฒปใฏใใฎใใใฎไปไบใงใใใใใใ ใใใงใ่ฆๆใๆใฃใฆๆฑบใใใใใซใฏใใใ ็ชใ้ฒใใงใใในใใ ใจๆใใพใใ ใกใใฃใจไฝใ่จใใใใใใใงๅฟใๆใใใใ ๅ่จๆคๅใใใใใใใจใฏ่ฏใใชใใชใจๆใใพใใ ่ใๆ ใใใใๆๅณใงใฏใใดใกใฌใณใฟใคใณๅคง็ตฑ้ ใฏใ ๆฟๆฒปๅฎถใจใใฆใฏ๏ผฏ๏ผซใงใใใญใ ใใใใฎใพใพ่กใใใใชใใ ่ๆจใใ ๆชๅฝนใงใใใฉใญ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ไธๆนใง็พๅฎไธ็ใฏใใใใใใชไพกๅค่ฆณใใถใคใใๅใ ๆฌๅฝใซ้ฃใใๆไปฃใงใใ ไปใฎๆฟๆฒปใซใดใกใฌใณใฟใคใณๅคง็ตฑ้ ใฎใใใช็ฒพ็ฅใ ๆฑใใใใจใๅณใใใใใใใพใใใใ ใใใงใๅฏใฃใฆ็ซใคในใไฟกๅฟตใฏๅฟ ่ฆใงใฏใชใใ ใจๆใใพใใๅคง็ตฑ้ ใฏใๆๅฝๅฟใ ใใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใใ ็งใใกไธๅธๆฐใจใใฆๆใฃใฆใใในใไฟกๅฟตใจใใฆใฏใ ๅ ็ใฎไฝๅใฎใใผใใซใคใชใใ่ฉฑใใจๆใใพใใใ ๆนใใฆใ่ใใใใใ ใใพใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ๆๅฝๅฟใจใพใงใฏใใใชใใฆใใ ใใฏใๅฎถๆใๅฎใใใจใใๆๆ ใใ ใใใใฏ่ชๅใ็ใพใใๆ ้ทใไปๆฎใใใฆใใๅฐๅ ใธใฎๆณใใชใฉใซ็นใใ้จๅใ ใจๆใใพใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌใๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ29ๅทป๏ผ ่ใๆ ใใธใงใธใงใใใไบบ้่ณๆญใใใใผใใจใใฆใใ ใจใใใใ็ฑ็ธใงใใญใใใฏใๅ ็ใฎไปๅฐใธใฎๆณใใ ใใใใๆฅใฆใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใฎ่พบใโฆ่ชๅใจใใฆใฏใใใใใใซใใฆ ๆฌฒใใใชใใงใใใใใใใใซใใใใใชไบบใซใฏ ไธใซ็ซใฃใฆๆฌฒใใใชใใจๆใใพใใญใ ่ใๆ ไปๅฐๅธๅฝนๆ่ทๅกใฏ่ชๅใฎไฝใ่กใๆใๆฐๆใกใฏ ใใกใใๆใฃใฆใใใจๆใใพใใใใใฎไธใงใใใซ ่ฆๆใๆใฃใฆไปไบใซ่จใพใชใใใฐใใใพใใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใๅณใใๆไปฃใงใใใใ ้ขจๅฝใใใฏๅผทใใชใใใใใใพใใใใ ่ใๆ ใใใฏใใฏใใใใธใงใธใงใใๆใใๅธ่ทๅกใจใใฆใฏใ ไฝๅใงๆใใใฆใใใใใชใใๆญฃ็พฉใใฎ่ผใใฎไธญใซใใ ใ้ป้ใฎ็ฒพ็ฅใใใๅ่ใซใใใใจๆใใพใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ47ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ47ๅทป๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใธใงใธใงใไฝๅใฎไธญใงใฎๆฆใใ ใจใ ๆๅพใพใงๅใกๆฎใใฎใฏใ ๅคๅไธไบบไบไบบใใใใใใใชใไธ็ใงใใใ ใพใ็พๅฎใ็ธๅฝๅณใใๆไปฃใงใใใ้ ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใใใ ่ใๆ ใใใใจใใใใใพใใ ่ใๆ ใใฆใๅบ็ฌๅทใงใฏ๏ผฎ๏ผฐ๏ผฏๅฃไฝใ็ด20ๅนดๆฏใใซ ่ฒธใใใผใใๅพฉๆดปใใใใใ ๅธๆฐๅฃไฝใไธญๅฟใจใชใฃใฆไผๆฅญใๅคงๅญฆใชใฉใจ ๆตๅไธๆๆธ ๆๆดปๅใชใฉใ่กใฃใใใจใ ๅธๆฐใฎ็ใใใใใใใใชๆดปๅใ่กใฃใฆใใพใใ ๆๅพใซใๅ ็ใใๅบ็ฌๅทใซ้ขใใๆดปๅใ่กใฃใฆใใ ็ใใใธๅฟๆดใฎใกใใปใผใธใใใใ ใใพใใใ NPOๆณไบบๅบ็ฌๅทใใผใใใใถใซใใ่ฒธใใใผใไบๆฅญใฎๆงๅญ ๏ผๅ่ใNPOๆณไบบๅบ็ฌๅทใใผใใใใถใซใใ่ฒธใใใผใไบๆฅญใฎๆงๅญ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ๅบ็ฌๅทใ ใใงใชใใใใใใ่ช็ถ็ฐๅขใๅฎใฃใฆใใไธใงใ ใใใใใฎๆไปฃใฏ่กๆฟใ ใใงไฝใใใใใฃใฆใใใใจใฏ ไธๅฏ่ฝใ ใจๆใใพใใ ๆใฏใไพใใฐ็ฅ็คพใฎ่ฝใก่ๆ้คใชใฉใ ่ฟ้ฃใซไฝใไบบใใกใ่ช็ถใซใใฃใฆใใพใใใใญใ ๅ ใปใฉๆๅฝๅฟใฎ่ฉฑใใใใพใใใใ ใใใพใงใใใชใใฆใ ๅธๆฐใ่ชๅใฎไฝใ่กใๅคงๅใซๆใๆฐๆใกใใใ ใใฉใณใใฃใขๆดปๅใชใฉใ่กใใใจใฏ ใจใฆใๅคงๅใชใใจใ ใจๆใใพใใ ใใใใๆดปๅใใใใฆใใๆนใๅบ็ฌๅทใซ ใใใใใใใฃใใใใใจใฏใ ็ด ๆดใใใใใจใ ใจๆใใพใใ ่ใๆ ๅธๆฐไธไบบใฒใจใใใใใใๅฐๅใๆใใๆฐๆใกใๆใฃใฆใ ้ฃๆบใใฆใใใใฐๅบ็ฌๅทใ ใใงใชใไปๅฐๅธใ ใใใซ็ด ๆดใใใ่กใซใชใใพใใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใ ่ชฐใไธไบบใฎๅใงไฝใจใใชใใใฎใงใฏใชใใจๆใใพใใใใ ใใฎใใใซใใใฟใใชใง่็ ฎไผใใใใใใฆ ไปฒ่ฏใใชใฃใใใไปใๅใใๅบใใฃใฆใใใฐ ใใใงใใใญใไฝใใใๆฅฝใใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ใๆ ่็ ฎไผใฏใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใๆทฑใใใใใ ใใงใชใใ ๅบ็ฌๅทใใใใใใๅฎใฃใฆใใใใจใซใคใชใใใพใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใใฃใๆดปๅใใใใซๅบใใฃใฆใใใใจใ ้กใฃใฆใใพใใๅใใใฎใใใซไฝใใงใใใใจใ ใใใพใใใๅๅใใใใจๆใใพใใ ่ใๆ ใใใใจใใใใใพใใ ๅ ็ใฎๅบ็ฌๅบทไธๅใซใใใใใๆณใใซ่ฒ ใใชใใใใซใ ็งใใกใใใใใ้ ๅผตใใใใจๆใใพใใ ไปๆฅใฏใๅฟใใใจใใๆฌๅฝใซใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ ็ฌฌ10ๅ ใใผใ่ฉฑ 2011.2.23 ่ใๆ ไปๅใฏใใใใคใฟใชใขใณใฌในใใฉใณใใขใซ ใใฃใชใผใฌใ ใใคใณใฟใใฅใผไผๅ ดใจใใฆใๅใใใพใใใ ใใกใใฎใๅบใใใฏใใ่ฆงใใใ ใใฆใใใใใซใ ๅบ็ฌๅทใจไปๅฐๅธ่กๅฐใ่ฆไธใใ ็ด ๆดใใใๆฏ่ฒใๆใใพใใ ๅบ็ฌๅทใจไปๅฐใฎ่กใ้นฟ่ฝๅไป่ฟใใๆใ ๏ผๅ่ใๅบ็ฌๅทใจไปๅฐใฎ่กใ้นฟ่ฝๅไป่ฟใใๆใ๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ใใใงใใญใ ใใฎๅ ดๆใซใใใช็ด ๆตใชใคใฟใชใขใณใฌในใใฉใณใ ใใใชใใฆใๅใไปๅฐใซใใ้ ใซใฏ ่ใใใใชใใฃใใใจใใญใ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ ใใฎใญใฑใผใทใงใณใ็ด ๆดใใใใฎใงใใใ ใใกใใฎใๅบใซไผบใฃใ็็ฑใฏใใไธใคใใใพใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใๆ็็บใใจใใๆฅๆฌใฎๆถ็ฉบ้ฝๅธใ ่ๅฐใจใใใใใคใคใขใณใใฏ็ ใใชใใ็ทจใงใ ไธปไบบๅ ฌใๆฑๆนไปๅฉใใจ่ฆชๅใฎใ่นๆๅๆณฐใใใ ใคใฟใชใขๆ็ๅบใใใฉใตใซใใฃใผใใ่จชใใใจใใ ใจใใฝใผใใใใใพใใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ33ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ33ๅทป๏ผ ่ๆจใใ ในใฟใณใไฝฟใใฎใทใงใใปใใใชใใใใในใฟใณใใง ๆ็ใ้ฃในใไบบใๅฅๅบทใช็ถๆ ใซ็ดใใฆใใพใใจใใใๅบใ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ33ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ33ๅทป๏ผ ่ใๆ ็งใๅคงๅฅฝใใชใจใใฝใผใใงใใใธใงใธใงใใใกใณใชใใฐ ใใใชใๅบใ็พๅฎใซใใฃใ็ตถๅฏพ่กใใใใ ใจใใใๅบใงใใใๅฎใฏใใฎใๅบใฎใทใงใ็ฎ้ปใใใใ ในใฟใณใไฝฟใใงใฏใใใพใใใใๆงใ ใช้ฃๆใ ๆใฅใใใใใฆใใฆใใใกใใซๅใใใใฆใใ ใใ ใชใฉใใทใงใ่ชใใไฝใใใฆใใใใงใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใชใใใฟใใใซๆ็ใซในใฟใณใใใใผใซใปใธใฃใ ใ ใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใใ ่ใๆ ๅ ็ใ่ฉใใใ็ผ็ฒพ็ฒๅดใชใฉใฎ็็ถใฏใใใพใใใใ ใงใไปๆฅใฏใ้ฃไบใๅฌใไธใใฃใฆใใใ ใๆ้ใใชใใฆ ๅคงๅคๆฎๅฟตใงใใ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅ ใจใใใงใใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌไบ้จใ้ป้ใฎ้ขจใ็ทจใง ใคใฟใชใขใ่ๅฐใจใใไฝๅใๆใใใฆใใใใจใใใใ ๅ ็ใฏใคใฟใชใขใๅคงๅคใๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใฏใชใใใจ ๆใฃใฆใใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใ ่ๆจใใ ๅฎใฏๆฑไบฌใซ่กใฃใฆใใกใฐใ่กๆใๅใใใฎใฏใ ใในใฟใชใใงใใ ใใใชใซ็พๅณใใ้ฃใน็ฉใใใฃใใฎใใผ๏ผใฃใฆใ ๆฌๅฝใซๅงๅ็ใช่กๆใงใใใ ๅใไปๅฐใซใใ้ ใฏใ ไปใฎใใใชใคใฟใชใขใณใฌในใใฉใณใฏใชใใฃใใใงใใใ ใใใช็ด ๆตใชใคใฟใชใขใณใฌในใใฉใณใใใใจใใใฎใฏใ ๅฝๆใใ่ใใใๅคขใฟใใใงใใ ่ใๆ ใใกใใฎ็ฎ้ปใทใงใใฏๅ ๆฅTBSใๆ ็ฑๅคง้ธใใซๅบๆผใใใ ไปๅฐใฎใคใฟใชใขๆ็็ใงใฏๆณจ็ฎใฎใๅบใงใใใใใ ๆฑไบฌใใ่ถณใ้ใฐใใใๅฎขใใใใใใใใใงใใ ใกใชใฟใซใใๅบใฎใกใใฅใผใใใๅฎขใใใฎๅฅฝใฟใซๅฟใใฆ ใทใงใใจ็ธ่ซใใฆๆฑบใใใจใใใฎใๅบๆฌใงใใ ่ๆจใใ ๅใใใใชใใงใใใ ใพใใใใใธใงใธใงใใฎๆนใๅพใใใ ใฃใใใใฆโฆ ่ใๆ ใๅบใฏ้ๅบใใฆ้ใใชใ๏ผๅจๅนดใ ็พๅจใฎๅ ดๆใซ็งป่ปขใใใฆใใใฏใ4ๅนดๅจๅนดใจใฎใใจใงใใ ่ๆจใใ ใใใฃใใใใใฉใตใซใใฃใผใใฎใชใผใใณใๅ ใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ใจใใใงใใฎใฟใซใใ้ฆใใ็ด ๆดใใใใงใใญใ ๅใฏ้ฃๆใฎ้ฆใใๆดปใใใฆใใๆ็ใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใใ ๆดใใทใฎใฟใซใ ็ฎ้ปใทใงใ ็ด ใคใขใฎใขใคในใฏใชใผใ ใใฅใฌใๆทปใใ ๆดใใทใฎใฟใซใใงใใ ใใฎไธใซใใซใใธใฃใผใใปใฌใใธใฃใผใใ ๆฏใใใใฆใใพใใ ่ๆจใใ ๆฌๅฝใซใใซใใธใฃใผใใปใฌใใธใฃใผใใฎ้ฆใ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅใใใใ ใใจใใฎ็ด ใคใขใฎ็ใฟใ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅ็พๅณใใใงใใญ๏ฝใ ่ๆจใใ ่ใๆ ใใฒไปๅบฆไปๅฐใซใ่ถใใซใชใ้ใซใฏใใกใใง้ฃไบใ ๅฌใไธใใฃใฆใใใ ใใใฐใจๆใใพใใ ใทใผใบใณใซใชใฃใใใธใใจ(้็ฃ)ๆ็ใใๅงใใงใใ ่ๆจใใ ใธใใจใจใใฃใฆใใไพใใฐๆตทๅดใงใจใใ้ใจ้ๅฑฑใง ็ฒใใ้ใจใงใฏใๆฝฎ้ขจใจใ้ฃในใ้คใฎ้ใใใใใงใใใ ๅณใ้ใใใใใงใใใ ใใใช่ฉฑใ่ใใจใใใฎ้ใใๆขใฃใฆใฟใใใงใใญใ ่ใๆ ใงใฏไปๅบฆใใใกใใฎใๅบใฎใทใงใใซ ๆตทๅดใฎ้ใจๅฑฑๅดใฎ้ใๅใๅฏใใฆใใใ ใใฆโฆ ่ๆจใใ ไบ็จฎ้กๅบใใฆใใใ ใใฆใไปๅบฆใใฒ ้ฃในๆฏในใใใใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ใงใใใกใใฎใใถใผใใใใใ ใใใ ไฝใ ใๅ ๆฐใๅบใฆใใพใใใ๏ผ ใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ33ๅทป ๏ผใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใธใฃใณใใณใใใฏใน็ฌฌ33ๅทป๏ผ ่ใๆ ใทใงใใๅ ็ใใใถใผใใๅฌใไธใใฃใฆ ๅ ๆฐใๅบใใใใงใ๏ผ ใใฃใฑใในใฟใณใไฝฟใใ ใฃใใใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ็ฎ้ปใทใงใ ใใใใจใใใใใพใ(็ฌ)ใ ็ฎ้ปใทใงใใจ่ๆจใใ ๅๆๅๅ AL FIORE(ใขใซ ใใฃใชใผใฌ) http://blog.livedoor.jp/al_fiore/ [15] |
่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใจๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใฏใฐใใๅฅฝใใ ใฃใ๏ผ๏ผ
โใฏใใใซใใSPURใใใไผ็ปใฎๅ ๅฎนใ่ใใๆใฎๆฐๆใกใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ
่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆๆฐ๏ผ(ไปฅไธใ่ๆจ๏ผๆฌ็งฐ็ฅ)๏ผใใใงใใญใใพใไผ็ปใฎๅ ๅฎนใใใฐใใใฎ่ทไบบใจๅทฅๆฟใซใคใใฆใใใใซใใฎใฅใใใซใคใใฆใฎใใณใฌใๆใใฆใปใใใจใใไพ้ ผใ ใฃใใฎใงใใใใใฏไฝใ ใใ๏ผใใจๆใใพใใใญใ
โไฝใ ใใใจใใใจ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผๆฎ้ใ ใจ่ทไบบใๅทฅๆฟใ็ดนไปใใใใณใฌใงใใใใใใจใใใงใใใใช้ขจใซ่ทไบบใใใๅใใฆใใใใ ใใจใใใใใใใใฎใSPUR็ทจ้้จใใฐใใใๆฌฒใใใฃใใใ ใจๆใใใงใใญใใงใใใๅฐใใใณใฌใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใจ่ๅใใใใจๆใฃใใใงใใในใใผใชใผใใใใฐ็ปๅ ดใใใฎใฏ่ชฐใงใ่ฏใใจใใๆใใงใฏใชใใฆใใธใงใธใงใจ่ๅใใใใชใจใ
โใธใงใธใงใจ่ๅใจใใใฎใฏใใSPURใใใไพ้ ผใฏใใฃใใใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใใใใใฏใใใพใใใงใใใญใใใใงใๅผใๅใใใใใซใฏใใใใใไฝๅใๆใใใใชใจๆๅใซๆใใพใใใใงใ้ฃใใใใชใจใๆใใพใใใใฉใ
โในใใผใชใผใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌใซ็ฌฌ๏ผ้จใซ็ปๅ ดใใๅคฉๆๆผซ็ปๅฎถใปๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผดใๆใฃใฆใใพใใใใญ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใใใ้ฒไผดใในใใผใชใผใฎไธใซใกใใใจไนใใฆใใฐใใใ็ดนไปใใฆใใใฃใฆใใ้ขจใซใใใใฃใใ
โไปๅใฎใใณใฌใฎใฟใคใใซใใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผด ใฐใใใธ่กใใใงใใใไปฅๅใฎใซใผใดใซ็พ่ก้คจใจใฎใใญใธใงใฏใไฝๅใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผด ใซใผใดใซใธ่กใใใจใฎ้ข้ฃๆงใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผๆๅใฏใชใใฃใใใงใใใงใ้ฒไผดใ ใฃใใใฐใใใซ่กใฃใฆใใใใญใฃใฆใใใใชๆใใงใใใ
โใใธใงใธใงใฎ๏ฝใ็ฌฌ๏ผ้จใฎใฏใฉใคใใใฏในใฎใทใผใณใงใ้ฒไผดใฏใฐใใใฎๆ่จใใใฆใใพใใใญ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใชใใงใใใญใใงใใใฎใใจใฏๆๆใใใใพใงๅ่ช่บซใฏๅฟใใฆใใพใใ(็ฌ)ใใใใใใใใใใฐใใฆใใชใใใฃใฆใ
โใจใใใใจใฏใ้ฒไผดใฏใฐใใๅฅฝใใจใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผ่จญๅฎใ ใฃใ่จณใงใฏใชใใใงใใญ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใงใใญใ็ขบใใซ้ฒไผดใฏใฐใใใฎๆ่จใใใฆใใพใใใใฉใใใกใใทใงใณใฏใฉใใฉใใฎใใฉใณใใๅฅฝใใงใจใใ้ขจใซ่จญๅฎใๆฑบใใฆใใ่จณใงใฏใชใใงใใญใใ ใใไปๅใใฐใใใ ใใ้ฒไผดใจใใใใจใงใฏใชใใฆใในใใผใชใผ็ใซ้ฒไผดใชใใงใ๏ผ
โใชใใปใฉใงใใญใ
่ๆจ๏ผ้ฒไผดใฏใใชใฎใซใผใดใซใซใ่กใฃใใๅใใญใใฟใใใชๆใใงใใใ
โไปๅใฏ่ๆจๅ ็่ช่บซใใใฃใฌใณใใงใใๆฅๆฅใใใฐใใใฎ่ทไบบใซๅๆใใใใใใงใใใไธ็ชๅฐ่ฑกใซๆฎใฃใใใจใฏใชใใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใ๏ฝใชใใงใใใญใในใฟใใใฎใใญๆ่ญใงใใใญ๏ผ ใใใฏๆฌๅฝใซใใใใฃใใใใฃใฑใ่ทไบบใจใใใใๅใใฆใใไบบใใกๅ จๅกใใใฉใคใใๆใฃใฆไปไบใใใฆใใใใ ใชใจๆใใพใใใใใใใใชใใฉใณใใใใใใใฉใๅใใใฎไบบใใกใซใจใฃใฆใฐใใใงๅใใจใใใใจใฏๆงใใชใใ ใใใงใใใฟใใชใฐใใใไธ็ช่ฏใใจ่จใฃใฆใพใใใญใ
โ่ๆจๅ ็่ช่บซใๆดๆใฏใจใฆใๅฅฝใใจไผบใฃใใใงใใใฐใใใฏใฉใฎ็จๅบฆใๆใกใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผ้ดใจใ้ใจใใใใใฃใใใฎใๅคใใงใใญใๆฅใใใใชใใๆใฏใใพใๆใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใใ
โใงใฏใใฉใใชใใกใใทใงใณใใๅฅฝใใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผ่ชๅใงใฏ็ใชใใใงใใใฉใใชใใไธ่ฏใชๆใใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใงใใญใๅไบบ็ใซใฏไธๅใใใฏใใใใใฎใๅฅฝใใงใใญใ
่ๆจๅ ็ใฎใใณใฌ็ฌ็นใฎ"ใใฎ่กจ็พ"ใฎ็็ธใจใฏ๏ผ
โไปๅใฎใใณใฌใฎไธญใงใฏใ้ฒไผดใ้่จณใฎๅฅณๆงใใฐใใใฎๆใ็ใฆใใพใใใใใใฏ่ๆจๅ ็ใฎใขใคใใฃใขใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใใใฐใใใฎไฝๅใๆใใจใใใใจใ ใฃใใใงใใในใฆใฐใใใซๅพนใใใใจใใใใ็็ฑใงใใญใใใคใฏใใณใฌใซๅบใฆใใไบบ็ฉๅ จๅกใใฐใใใ็ใฆใใใงใใใใใใฏๅใฎใขใคใใฃใขใงใใญใใใใพใใใใใ้ขจใซ่ฆใใชใใใงใใใฉใ
โใใใชใใงใใ๏ผ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใชใใงใใใใงใใใใคใฏๆดๆใฎ่ฒใไธ้จๅคใใใใฆใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใ
โ็ขบใใซ่ฒใ้ใฃใฆใพใใใญใๆฐใใคใใพใใใ
่ๆจ๏ผๅ ใฎ่ฒใฎใพใพใ ใจใ็ตต็ใซ่ฏใใใใจใ้ ่ฒใฎๆใใใฉใใใฆใ็ดๅพใใใชใใใงใใใญใ่ถ่ฒใ ใใงใพใจใพใฃใฆใใจใใกใใฃใจๅซใ ใชใใจใๆใฃใฆใใพใใ
โใใใใใชใผใใผใซๅฏพใใฆใใฐใใใใNGใฏๅบใชใใฃใใใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผ่ฒใซ้ขใใฆใฏใใใพใใใงใใใญใใงใๆฌๅฝใซใ้กใใใใฆใใใฎใใณใใ็ท่ฒใซใใใฆใใ ใใ๏ฝใใจใใใใชๆใใงใใใใใใชใใจ็ตตใๆฒใใใงใใใใใณใฌใจใใฆใ่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใฎไฝๅใจใใฆ้ใใจๆใใใงใใใญ๏ผ
โใชใใปใฉใงใใญใใใณใฌใฎๆๅพใใใใฎใใใฐใฏในใฟใณใใ ใฃใใใ ......ใใจใใใชใใงใใใญใใใกใณใจใใฆใฏใใใฎใใใฐใฎในใฟใณใๅใฏไฝใ ใฃใใใ ใใ๏ผ ใจใใใๆฐใซใชใฃใใใงใใใ
่ๆจ๏ผ็ขบใใซ๏ผ ็ขบใใซใใใงใใญใในใฟใณใๅใ๏ฝใ่ใใฆใชใใฃใใชใใไฝใ่ฏใใ ใใ๏ผ๏ผ ้ณๆฅฝใฃใฝใใใฎใงไฝใ......ใใใใฐใซ้ข้ฃใใๆฒใฏ็ฅใใชใใชใ(็ฌ)ใใใใใใใใคใฏๅๆๆฎต้ใฎในใใผใชใผใงใฏใใใใฐใงใฏใชใใฆ่ฒกๅธใ ใฃใใใงใใใ
โใใใชใใงใใ๏ผ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใฏใใใงใใฐใใใใ่ฒกๅธใงใฏใชใใฆใใใฏใซใใฆใใใจๅผทใใ้กใใใใใใงใ(็ฌ)ใ
โๆธใใชใใใใใใชใใงใใญใใใฎ่ฉฑใฏ(็ฌ)ใ
่ๆจ๏ผใงใ็ตๆ็ใซใฏใใใฐใฎๆนใ่ฉฑใจใใฆใฏใใใฃใใงใใญใ
โใใใใใใ็ฅๆฏใกใใใฎๅฝข่ฆใฎใใใฐใจใใใใจใฏใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผด ใซใผใดใซใธ่กใใใงๅ้ ญใซใใฉใใจ็ปๅ ดใใใใใฎใ็ฅๆฏใกใใใงใใใญ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใใฎใจใใใงใใๆธฉๆณๅฎฟใ็ตๅถใใฆใใใ็ฅๆฏใกใใใงใใใใๆขใซๆญปใใงใใใงใใญใใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผด ใซใผใดใซใธ่กใใใฏใ้ฒไผดใ17ๆญณใฎใจใใฎ่ฉฑใงใใใใญใ
โไปๅใใใใกใกใผใกใใใจใใใฌใใกใกใใใจใใใฎใฃใณใใใจใใใใใช่กจ็พใใใฃใใใใใธใงใธใงใฎ๏ฝใใงใฏใใชใใฟใฎใใชใฉใชใฉใชใฉใชใฉใชใฉใชใฉใใใ็ก้ง็ก้ง็ก้ง็ก้ง็ก้ง็ก้งใใใใใฉใฉใฉใฉใฉใฉใฉใใใใบใญใฅใฅใฅใฅใณใใใจใใฃใ่ๆจๅ ็ใฎใใณใฌ็ฌ็นใฎใใฎ่กจ็พใฏใใฉใใใใคใณในใใฌใผใทใงใณใๅใใฆใใใใงใใใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใฏไปไบไธญใใขใคใใฃใขใ่ใใใจใใใใใคใ้ณๆฅฝใ่ดใใฆใใใใงใใใใฎใใชใงใใญใใใจใฏใชใบใ ใงใใๆใใฆใใใจใใฃใฆใใผใ ใฎใชใบใ ใใใใใงใใใใใงๆๅพใซใใใใใใขใผ!!ใใฃใฆใฎใฐใใใใใใใใๆใใงใใญใใใใงใใใช้ณๆฅฝใใใใจใใบใญใฅใฅใฅใฅใณใ๏ผใใจใใ
โใใจใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใ็ช็ถ่ฑนๅคใใฆใใพใใใฟใผใณใใใใใใพใใใญใ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใงใใญใๅคงไบบใใใจๆใฃใฆใใไบบใๅฎใฏ่ฟฝใใคใใใใฆไบบใๅคใใใจใใๆใใฆใใฆๆฅฝใใใงใใญใๆงๆ ผใพใงๅดฉๅฃใใฆใใๆใใจใใ
โ่ๆจๅ ็ใฎไธญใงไธ็ชๅฅฝใใชใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใฏ่ชฐใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใใพใพใงๆใใไธญใงใงใใ๏ผ
โใฏใใ
่ๆจ๏ผใ๏ฝใ้ใกใผใใฃใฆใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใงใใญใใใใใชใจใใใใใๅฐ้ญใ็ดฐใใใใฎใๆพใฃใฆใใในใฟใณใใไฝฟใใใงใใใ้ใกใผใใฏ่ฏใใงใใใผใใใจใกใใฃใจ้ ญใ่ฏใใชใใใใชใจใใใ็ใใใพใใใญใไธปไบบๅ ฌใงใฏไปๅฉใฃใฆใฎใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใใฉใ
โใใใใ้ฒไผดใจๅใ็ฌฌ4้จใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใงใใญใ
่ๆจ๏ผใใใงใใญใๆฎๆฎตใใธใงใธใงใฎ๏ฝใใฃใฆ็ฅ่ฉฑ็ใซๆใใฆใใใใงใใใงใ็ฌฌ4้จใฏใ้ฃใฎไบบใใฃใฆๆใใใใใใงใใใ่บซ่ฟใชไบบใฃใฆๆใใใใฎไธญใงใใ้ใกใผใใงใใ่ฝๅใ่ฏใใงใใญใผใใใใฏๆณฅๆฃใใใชใใงใใใใญใ่ฝใกใฆใใใฎใๆพใฃใฆใใ ใใ ใใๆชใใใจใฏใใฆใชใใใงใใ
โใงใฏๅฐใ่ฉฑใใๆปใใฆใ่ๆจๅ ็ใซใจใฃใฆใใ่ฏใใใกใใทใงใณใใฉใณใใใจใฏใฉใใใใใฉใณใใ ใจๆใใพใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผใพใๅ่ณชใ็ตถๅฏพใงใใใญใ็ๅฟๅฐใ่ฏใใฆใ่ชๅทฑไธปๅผตใใใใใใงใใฆๅฐ่ฑกใซๆฎใใใคใงใใ้ฃใใใงใใใญใใงใใฐใใใซใฏใใใใใใจๆใใพใใ
โใชใใปใฉใงใใญใ
่ๆจ๏ผใ ใใใใใใใชใๅฏธๆญขใใชใใงใใใใใใ่ฏใใใกใใทใงใณใ ใจๆใใพใใๅใฏไธ่ฏใฃใฝใใใกใใทใงใณใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใฎใใฎใๅฅฝใใงใฏใใใพใใใๆใใฃใใไธ่ฏใงใฏใชใใใงใใใญใใใใซไธๅใใๅฟ ่ฆใชใใงใใใ ใใใฐใใใใฏใใใจใใใคใฟใชใขใฎใใกใใทใงใณใฏใใใใใจใใใใใใใใงใใใพใใซๅฏธๆญขใใงใใญใ
โใใใใพใใใใงใฏๆๅพใฎ่ณชๅใงใใ้ฒไผดใฏใใชใฎใซใผใดใซใซ่กใฃใฆใใใฃใฌใณใใงใฎใฐใใใซใ่กใฃใฆใไปๅๆฐๅฎฟใซใ่กใใพใใใๆฌกใฏใฉใใซ่กใใใงใใใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผๆฌกใฏๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใจใ่ฏใใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ใ ใฃใฆNYใจใ่กใใชใใใใใชใใงใใ๏ผ ใฉใใใ ใฃใใ้ฒไผดใ็ตถๅฏพใซ่กใใชใใใใชใใใใขใใฏใชใจใใใซ่กใใใใใงใใญใ
GUCCI ร HIROHIKO ARAKI ร SPUR ใๅฒธ่พบ้ฒไผด ๆฐๅฎฟใธ่กใใๅฑ ไผๆ๏ผ2011ๅนด9ๆ17ๆฅ(ๅ)๏ฝ10ๆฅ6ๆฅ(ๆจ) ไผๅ ด๏ผใฐใใๆฐๅฎฟ
ไฝๆ๏ผๆฑไบฌ้ฝๆฐๅฎฟๅบๆฐๅฎฟ3-26-11[16]I don't play fighting games myself, so I can't comment on that aspect, but I think it's amazing how perfectly they were able to recreate everything. It's beautiful. Whenever people try and adapt JoJo they always want to use a bunch of different colors. But this game actually suppresses the colors and makes them refined/quiet. I think this is good, because it will keep players' eyes from getting tired. I think the more colors on the screen increases the exhaustion in one's eyes. I also think the cutting-edge CG technology they used did a great job of capturing the atmosphere.
The characters have been recreated so well, they may look cooler than they are in the manga. (Laugh) There's a psychological level to the battles here. I like how they've made it something more than just a fighting game.
The town of Morio-cho appears in Parts 4 and 8, but they're in parallel worlds, so they aren't linked in time or space. The two Josukes would never meet each other normally. With this game, though, it becomes possible. At first I was bit taken aback. But then the bizarre nature to it all really got me interested. It's very entertaining. I would never allow something like this in the manga, but since this is a game, it's cool. Same thing with Jotaro fighting Dio Brando. The way the characters look is so different over the parts, though, that normally if you lined them all up they'd look very out of place with each other. But this game fixes all that, and I think that's one of its strengths.
Personally, I play a lot of horror action/adventure games. I like exploring a lot, not just fighting. I like puzzle games too. And I like sports and racing games too, as you might have figured from my inclusions of F-MEGA and Oh! That's a Baseball! in part 3. Lately games have been getting really "real." I still like cheap-looking games like F-MEGA.
Lately, though, I haven't really played any fighting games or shooting games. When I get excited during battles, my Adrenalin pumps up. I want games to heal me. That's why I play horror games. Horror heals me. (Laugh) Even in this game, the punch animations are just too fast for me. I'd rather watch them in slow motion.
I wish I had a technique that girls liked. (Laugh) Or, I wish I could appear as a side character, who says "Do your best!" and offers up an energy drink or something.
People who started reading JoJo when they were young have now become adults and are contributing to this project. I'm really amazed. And moved that we can work together to let the next generation read JoJo. I was so surprised when I heard they were going to make an anime. For 20 years, I've thought about how unsuited JoJo was for TV. (Laugh) It ended up being a lot bigger than I imagined it would. I'm so glad the fans enjoyed it.
People say my gallery showing in Florence was a success, but I don't have any strong feelings about that personally. But one thing I did notice is that whenever I go to Italy, I always hear people talking about Japanese manga. Dragon Ball, Naruto, and Yu Gi Oh are all very popular. And whenever people talk about Japanese manga they always talk about Japanese soccer. I suppose Captain Tsubasa has had a lot of influence over there. Whenever you mention Japan in Italy, it's either Naruto or Nagamoto (soccer player).
I listen to country and Western music a lot. It's like American "enka" music. I like the pure, "human" sound of the vocals.
As for movies, I mainly watch suspense and horror. Recently I saw "Life of Pi" and "Gangster Squad." They were very good. There look to be a lot of good horror movies coming out in 2013, including the Evil Dead remake, so I'm excited.
From here on out, in JoJolion, I plan to focus on the Higashikata family in more detail. But it won't be linked to Part 4 in any way. People keep asking me when Kishibe Rohan will appear, so let me answer that question: he won't. (Laugh) That is absolutely set in stone. Another weird mangaka will appear, though.
Q. What is manga to you?
A. Like how food is a blessing from the sky and earth, I think manga is a blessing from society. I'm receiving ideas and inspiration from Japan.
Q. Who do you respect?
A. Many people... Shirato Sanpei and Fujiko Fujio I've respected since long ago. Recently, I've really thought about how amazing pro mangaka who came before me are. Like how they've polished themselves so much, how much work they were able to handle... it'd be impossible in the present day. They were always so pure about how they faced their work. They weren't drawing manga because they wanted to become someone great. they just wanted to draw. That's what's so amazing.
Q. What's the most important thing in the world to you?
A. A lot is important to me... hmm. The most important thing would be my breathing technique, I suppose. (LOL) If my breathing gets bad, my stomach starts to hurt. So every morning, I use a special breathing technique. I store up breath around my ribs. It trains my inner muscles and connects me with the universe. It's pretty deep.[17]ANN: What is the difference between your role as director and Kenichi Suzuki's role as "series director," as far as how things are managed?
Naokatsu Tsuda: The best way to think of it is not as co-directors, but one as the executive director and one as the actual director.
So he's in more of a producer position and you are the creative director?
We're both creative, but I have final say in everything.
How were you approached about directing a JoJo's television series and what was your reaction?
So, the story starts off with me being an employee at our production company, David Production. My previous work was directing Inu X Boku Secret Service and our Vice President, a man by the name of Kajita, asked me, "You like JoJo?" And I said "Yes!" And he said, "Okay, you're directing JoJo." That's it! Very easy.
When looking at the material, did you feel that there was much adaptation that needed to be made for language and references, since it is over twenty years old, or did you feel that it was timeless and you didn't have to change much?
The main adaptation needed for a modern audience would be in the visuals. If you look at the original JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, the lines are very detailed and I question if a modern viewer would be able to relate to these details. Also, we do need to simplify the lines for animation. So simplifying the lines was something we definitely prioritized. But the JoJo's graphic novels, over the years, have become something of an internet meme, or at least they are the source of a lot of internet memes. One thing we can do today that wouldn't have been possible 20 years ago is pick up on already established memes and see how we can pull those into the anime. Many parts of the series are already finished, so we are in a unique position today where we can do a wholesale retrospective on them. Also, modern audiences have a preference for higher-paced dialogue, so that's also different today from how it would've been adapted back then.
That's very interesting to hear about the meme culture of JoJo's. So you were aware of that stuff going in and you consciously said, "Oh we have to get this right, we have to make this feel classic for fans of the manga?"
Yes, in fact that was fully intended. We wanted to make a show where a fan could watch the animated episode and then go back to the graphic novel and see that their idea of JoJo was faithfully animated. We wanted to make something that could be shared as a new source of fan memes, and something where everyone's idea of JoJo could come to life through it.
One of my favorite things about JoJo's is the incredible sound design and music work on this show, both the soundtrack and the use of sound effects visually is very powerful. I feel like viewers can listen to this show and understand the story almost as well as seeing it. What was your philosophy going into the music and sound effects for the series?
The written words that show up in JoJo's is something that we call a "word effect." This comes directly from the manga, where if you look directly at the panel, the written sound effects are an integral part of the layout. Usually, when you animate a graphic novel, all those sound effects would be taken out, but that also changes the visual layout of the panel in translation to the screen. Now when you look at streaming culture today in Japan, especially when you look at websites such as Niconico, all the users just paste up their text reactions as part of the video stream, and that's part of the actual fan culture. My takeaway from that was younger audiences of today don't actually have any problem seeing written sound effects onscreen. So rather than changing the original manga layout, we wanted to incorporate that into the anime as well and use word effects in choice places for favorite lines and favorite sounds, perhaps sound effects that the viewer might want to shout out along with the show. So it's just thinking about things backwards and then making them work out. I don't think you actually need to be able to read the text, because it's more of a visual element than a language thing.
For the music, I really wanted to incorporate film-style music rather than something that resembled a variety show. When you use music in film, it's often set to a specific character or emotion or scene. In the first two parts of Jojo's, the music is really set to the scene and only once in a while is it set to the emotions of the moment. Part 1 takes place in 19th century England, which isn't exactly a place anyone has first-hand experience living through. So we used the music to establish a sense of history and location and period that we can relate to. Then we skip over to Part 2, which takes place in Art Deco America. So we had to establish something more stylish and pop in tone there. Since there's a graphic visual difference between Part 1 and Part 2, we wanted the audience to be transported 50 years forward through the music as well as the visuals.
What was the process for choosing the ending theme songs like "Roundabout" and "Walk Like an Egyptian?" Is this a tradition that you want to continue in future parts?
Well, those came from the author of the original graphic novel, Hirohiko Araki. They're all songs that he was listening to back when he was drawing the individual parts. Mr. Araki only listens to Western music because he doesn't understand English, so none of the lyrics come across to him as language, but as pure sound. So we got a list of these songs that he was listening to back when he was writing each part, and we chose songs for the closing animation based on which ones Warner was able to secure the rights for. It was up to Warner to actually do the negotiating. So if there is an anime production of the next part, we'll probably go by the same process. Traditionally, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure has been a gateway to learn about Western music for Japanese readers. For American fans, a lot of the music and names featured in JoJo's are more an acknowledgement of familiar artists, but this is also cause for Warner to be engaged in a lot of negotiations to secure those rights.
Yes, the names of these characters are changed in the official subtitles for American viewers. Vanilla Ice becomes Cool Ice, Oingo Boingo becomes Zenyatta Mondatta, and so on. The fans always know the real names, so they see that and sort of laugh at it. They feel like "what, are they afraid of lawyers?" How do you feel about American audiences being given changed names?
Well, I do think someone may have tried to err on the sensitive side of things in translation. When you look at characters like Oingo and Boingo, if the musical artist of the same name wasn't happy with the idea of being depicted as such comical characters, perhaps erring on the sensitive side might have been the right decision.
On that note, where did the Oingo Boingo Brothers song come from? It was a very fun surprise!
Part 3, Stardust Crusaders, is split into two halves for television airing. At the time, the music producer at Warner, Mr. Oomori, had asked if there was any scene-specific music that I wanted to have in the series. You might be familiar with a specific practice in Japanese animation where episode one and episode three are very important for a show's production. If episode one doesn't execute well, a lot of viewers will write off the show and never watch it. And you also need to have a new development or twist take place in episode three, or more established viewers will abandon the show. It's not such an issue with episode four onwards, but that's the unfortunately reality of the industry right now. The Oingo Boingo episode in question is actually episode three of Stardust Crusaders' second half, so we knew we had to make it stand out. Boingo is an enemy who uses manga as their gimmick, so for the ending we thought this could be the first and only instance of a character song. I thought it would be something that the viewers would be very happy to see. So I went to producer Oomori, he greenlit it, and the Oingo Boingo Brothers happened.
And the Hol Horse Boingo Combo as well! Now do you have a favorite Joestar or a favorite character? Not just in the three parts that are animated, but from any of it?
Well, since I just finished working on Stardust Crusaders, I'm most sympathetic to Jotaro. In part 4, my favorite is still Jotaro. As a high school reader of the manga, my favorite Joestar wasโฆ well, it's actually questionable if he's from the Joestar family, but he's the main character from part 5, Giorno Giovanna. He's actually Dio's child, but he inherits a very large portion of the Joestar family spirit.
You mentioned that the manga's art could be difficult to adapt to animation. What were your thoughts on adapting the manga's striking color design in a way that wouldn't be too overwhelming?
One thing that makes anime different is that once you establish the color setting, you can't change it, whereas there's no set color for a lot of things in the JoJo's graphic novel. Once we established the color setting inside the anime, we knew there might be a lot of fans who would object to the choice of colors. As a JoJo fan myself, I do really understand the kinds of things they would object to. So we decided on scene-specific coloring, so that the "set color" could still change depending on the specifics of the scene. Since the graphic novel doesn't actually have set colors for a lot of things, I think that was one way to take advantage of its style, while creating something that would be acceptable to fans.
One last question: JoJo's is filled with great moments of elation, and it must be exciting for the voice cast to do that sort of thing. What was the most powerful moment for you, vocally?
There's far too many to mention, but if I were to choose one, it would be the final episode of Stardust Crusaders, where Jotaro and Dio are having their showdown, and it is the battle of ORAORA and MUDAMUDA.
I knew the story, so I knew it was coming, but I was still surprised when Dio shouted "ROAD ROLLER!"
I'm very happy to hear that.[18]ๆคๅณถใใใจใฎๅฏพ่ซใงใๅฐใ่ฉฑใๅบใพใใใใฉใ ็ฌฌ1้จใฏใใฃใชใๆใใใใฃใใใงใใใ ใจใซใใๅฝผใๆใใใใฎในใใผใชใผใฟใใใชใจใใใใใฃใฆใใฃใชใใฉใๅใใใใ ใๅธธใซ่ใใฆใใๆฐใใใพใใ ใ ๅใจๆชใ ใ ็ฝใจ้ปใ ใฟใใใชไธปไบบๅ ฌใจใฉใคใใซใฎๅฏพๆฏใ่ฆใใๆผซ็ปใซใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใใ ใใฎใใใซใฏๆตใๅผทๅใใใชใใจ็ตถๅฏพ้ข็ฝใใชใใใงใใใญใ ใ ใใใใฃใชใฏใ ใ ใฉใใใฃใฆไธปไบบๅ ฌใฏใณใคใใซๅใคใใ ๏ผ ๏ผ ใ ใจ่ชญ่ ใๆใฃใฆใใใใใใชใ ็ฉถๆฅตใฎๆชใ ใซใใพใใใ ใใ ใ ่ชญ่ ใใกใใฃใจๆงใใใใใช้จๅใๆใฃใๆชใ ใ ๅ ฑๆใงใใๆชใ ใซใใใใจใๆใฃใฆใพใ ใใฃใชใ็ฉถๆฅตใฎๆชใซใใๅใ ใใฎๅฏพๆฏใจใใฆใธใงใใตใณใฏ็ด็ฒใใใใใใใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใซใชใใพใใใญใ ใธใงใใตใณใฏไปใ ใฃใใใ ใใใกใใฃใจ้ใๅณไป ใใใงใใใใ ใใฉใ ๅฝๆใฏๅใ่ฅใใฃใใใใ ไธปไบบๅ ฌใฎใธใงใใตใณใจใใๅๅใซใ ใใใชใซๆทฑใๆๅณใฏใชใใงใใญใ ๅคๅฝไบบใไธปไบบๅ ฌใชใฎใงๅๅใฏใ ใจใซใใ่ชญ่ ใ่ฆใใใใใใฎใซใใใใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใใ ใ ในใใฃใผใใณยท ในใใซใใผใฐใ ใฟใใใซใ ้ ญใง้ปใ่ธใใงใใใจๅฐ่ฑกใๅผทใใใใซๆใใใฎใงใ ใธใงใใตใณใ ใธใงใผในใฟใผใ ใ ไปใงใฏๅใๅ ฅใใใใฆใใใใฉๅฝๆใฏๅคๅฝไบบใไธปไบบๅ ฌ ใฎๆผซ็ปใชใใฆๅฐใชใใฃใใใใ ้ฆดๆใฟใใชใใจใใใ้ๅๆใใใใพใใใ ่ชๅใงใๆใใฆใใฆใ ไบบๆฐใฏๅบใชใใใใชใ ใจใใๆ่ญใใใใคใคใ ใงใใ ใใใใใฎใ่ชใใฆใปใใใ ใจใใๆฐๆใกใใใใพใใ ใใฃใชใฏใ ้ญๅฐๅนดใใผใใฃใผใ ใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌยท ใใผใใฃใผยท ใใผใใฃใผใฎ็บๅฑ็ณปใชใใงใใ ๅซๅฆฌใ ใจใใใณใฐใชใผ็ฒพ็ฅใจใใฃใไบบ้ใฎๆๆ ใฎๅฝฑใฎ้จๅใใ ใใผใใฃใผใใใใใฃใจๆทฑใใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใงใใ ๆชๅฝนใงใใใใฃใชใๆใใฆใใๆใฏ่ชๅใฎ็ฒพ็ฅ้ขใซใ ๅฝฑ้ฟใฏใใฃใใใใใใชใใ ใคใฉใคใฉใใใใใชใใจใใใใใใชใใฏใชใใใ ใใฉใ ไพใใฐๆฎๆฎตใฎๆฎใใใฎไธญใงใใ ใตใจใใผใฏใชใใจใ่ใใฆใใพใฃใใใ ใใฃใชใจๅใ่ฆ็นใซใชใฃใกใใคใฆไบบ้ใๆ่ซ่ฆณๅฏใใใใใช็ฎใง็บใใฆใใพใฃใใใ ใใใใใใจใฏใใฃใใใใใใชใใงใใญใ ใ ้ญๅฐๅนดใใผใใฃใผใ ใๆใใฆใใ้ ใใใใ ใฃใใใ ใใฉใ ็ฌฌ1้จใ็ฌฌ2้จใฎๅฝๆใซ็ฎๆใใฆใใใฎใฏๅฐๅนดๆผซ็ปใธใฎใขใณใใฃใฆใใใใ ๅๆ ยท ๅชๅยท ๅๅฉใฃใฆใใใ ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใ ๏ผ ไปฅไธใ WJ๏ผ ใฎไธ็ใซๆๆฆใใฆ้ๆใใฆใใใใฃใฆใใ็ๆๆฐใชๆฐๆใกใใใใพใใใ ็ฌฌ2้จใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌใฎใธใงใปใใจใใๅๅใฏใ ใธใงใใตใณใจๅใใใ ใธใงใธใงใ ใซใชใใฐใใใฃใฆใใจใ ใใงใ ใใใๆทฑใๆๅณใฏใชใๅณ1ใ3ใชใใงใใ ใ่ชฟๅญ่ ใฎๆงๆ ผใฏใ ็็้ข็ฎใ ใฃใใธใงใใตใณใจๅฏพๆฏใใใใใใงใใญใ ็ฉ่ชใง็ฎๆใใใฎใฏใ ่ชฐใใใกใฐใๅผทใใฎใใ ใ ใฉใใใไบบ้ใๆใใฎใใ ใๆใใใจใ ๆตใใ ็ฉถๆฅต็ๅฝไฝใ ใจใใ่จญๅฎใฏใ ใพใใซใใใงใใญใ ้ฃ็ฉ้ฃ้ใฎ้ ็นใ ๅฝๆใฏใ ใจใซใใ่ชๅใฎไฝ้ขจใไฝใใชใใใ 11ใใใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใใ ๅใฎๅ ่ผฉใฎๆนใ 1970ๅนดไปฃใฎๆๅใชไฝๅฎถใใใฏใ ็ใใใ่ชๅใฎไฝ้ขจใๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใ ใใใซใฏไฝใๅคงไบใชๆๅณใใใใใ ใใใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใใ ใ ใใ่ชๅใฎๆผซ็ปใฎไบบๆฐใใชใใใใจใใฃใฆใ ใใฉใผใๆใใฆใใใฎใซใ ๆฅใซในใใผใๆผซ็ปใใฉใใณใกๆผซ็ปใๆใใใใซใชใฃใกใใใกใ ใใใ ใจใ ใ ใใใฏ็ชใ่ฉฐใใฆใใใชใใใใกใชใใ ใใ ใใฌใฆใฏใใใชใใ ใจๆใใใใซใชใฃใใใงใใใใฏ่ชๅใง่ชๅใ่ฟฝใ่พผใใใจใซใชใใใฉใ ไปใงใ็ถใใฆใใพใใญใ ่กใ่ฉฐใพใฃใใ็ตใใใใใใใชใใ โฆ ใงใ้ใฏๅฟ ใ้ใใใจๆใใฐใใใงใใ ็ฌฌ3้จใฏใ ็ฌฌ1้จใจ็ฌฌ2้จใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌใๅคๅฝไบบใง็ถใใ ใฎใงใ ๆฅๆฌไบบใซใชใฃใใฃใฆใใฎใฏใใใใชใ ใงใๅใใๅ ดๆใฏใจใธใใใ ใใ ไปฒ้ใๅคๅฝไบบใๅคใใฃใใใงใใ๏ผ ็ฌ๏ผ ใ ไธปไบบๅ ฌใฎๅๅใฏใ ๆฟใ ใฎๅญใซใฏใ ๅใ็ถใใ ใจใใๆๅณใใใฃใฆใ ๆฌๅฝใฏใ ใใใ- ใจใใ่ชญใฟๆนใ ใjใใใฉใใฉใๅฏบใฎๅๅใจใใงใ ใใใใ ใใAใจ่ชญใพใใใใจใใใฃใใฎใงใ ใใใซๆฑบใใพใใใ ใ ็ฉบๆกใ ใฎๆนใฏใ ็ฌฌ3้จใๅงใพใๆใซ้ๅใซๅๆใซ่กใฃใใใจใใใฃใฆใ ้ๅๅนๅบใฎๅทๆจฉใ ใฃใใ ๅๆกใๆฐใใใงใใญใ ใใใงใ ใธใงใธใง=็ฉบๆกๆฟๅคช้ใ ใจใใพใใใ
Araki Hirohiko & Matsui Yuusei
Dream talk session
A chance meeting between Matsui Yuusei, author of the popular Weekly Jump manga "Assassination classroom", and Araki Hirohiko, who has built a unique world within his "Jojo's Bizarre Adventure". During this relaxed discussion, they raise the curtain on their work methods.
Even though I look like this, I'm an outdoors type of guy (laughs). -Araki
Thank you for coming today! Matsui-sensei ate Araki-sensei's cod roe spaghetti and chicken soup. Can you give us an impression?
Matsui: Really, I'm overwhelmed by being able to eat the food an artist I look up to made. The chicken soup had a really gentle flavour and I felt it was very invigorating. The spaghetti was good too!
Araki-sensei, you said you like to cook as a divergence from your work. Are making food and making manga similar in any way?
Araki: Well, not really (laughs). However, I make both manga and food in gratitude of many things, so I guess they spring from the same source.
You just ate together. Do you do anything special to keep up your health, and what are your favorite foods?
Matsui: I just eat stuff I buy at the convenience store. I take nutritional supplements and go out to eat some proper food every now and then, so I really donโt fuss over my health much yet.
Araki: I donโt eat anything after 6pm. I eat whatever I like in the morning and afternoon, but I donโt eat anything in the evening. If you eat while working in the evenings, youโll definitely get fat. If you get fat, you wonโt want to move and youโll fall into a downwards spiral, so Iโm careful about my health.
Matsui: Youโre still very slim. Do you exercise regularly?
Araki: I do.
Matsui: When did you start?
Araki: I think that when people hit their 40s, theyโll want to take up running because theyโre tense about their health. I used to like diving and mountaineering, so from there I started running. I actually like exercising. Even though I look like this, Iโm an outdoors type of guy (laughs).
Matsui: I didnโt mind exercise before I started Assassination Classroom, but as soon as the serialisation started, my will to exercise disappeared. Moreover, I feel like muscles get in the way when Iโm just sitting and letting my mind work at full force, so it canโt be helped. To draw manga you just need your head and hands. Anything else is unnecessary. Although I do think I should keep up my stamina while doing a serialisation, so itโd be bad if I kept going like this.
Mangaka can take a break whenever they want, but they donโt get any holidays. โMatsui'
Photo caption: Jojo has moved to Ultra Jump since Steel Ball Run. Araki-sensei is currently working on Jojolion, but he says the current amount of pages matches his personal rhythm better.
How do you two gather data and materials?
Matsui: Iโve been relying on the internet a lot recently.
Araki: For me itโs still books. However, I have to buy them at a physical bookstore, or it wonโt work. I want to choose a book from a bookstore that I like.
Matsui: Where do you buy them normally?
Araki: In Shinjuku or Aoyama. If I go there Iโll know whatโs popular, or what the staff recommends. I want to see those things. If I look online Iโll just see the things I like. Without realising Iโll only look for the things I like, so bookstores and CD shops in which I can see what others recommend are an indispensable source of information for me.
Iโd like to ask about your weekly schedules and how you work. Araki-sensei, has your work pace changed since you moved from Weekly Jump to Ultra Jump?
Araki: Weekly Jump was 19 pages per week, but that rhythm didnโt work for me. I really wanted to draw 21 pages per week. Since Iโve gone to Ultra Jump itโs become 45 pages per month. This matches my natural work rhythm better, so I can draw comfortably every month.
Matsui: Thatโs unusual! For me, 19 pages per week is a bit too much. Bringing that to 21 pages evenโฆ doesnโt it become a bit demanding? (laughs)
Araki: Thatโs true. But for Jojo I want the decisive panels to be big, so the page count goes up anyway.
Matsui: Thatโs typical of Jojo. If you put in โgogogogoโ leading up to the decisive panelsโฆ. Youโd have 21 pages very quickly.
Araki: Perhaps, yes. But what do you do when your name* ends at 17 pages? (*t/n: A name is a manga manuscript)
Matsui: Itโs not that hard to increase the amount. If Iโm 2 pages short Iโll consult with my editor. Heโll generally say something like โletโs add these elementsโ, and when I incorporate those it usually turns out fine. Thatโs the easiest way.
Araki: I see.
Matsui: On the other hand, itโs much harder to take things out of the material Iโve already got. I take care not to waste too much time on that. Iโve already got my hands full just trying to get it done every week. How did you manage when you worked weekly?
Araki: On Sunday Iโd do the name. On Monday I got that checked by my editor, and from Tuesday to Thursday Iโd draw with the assistants. On Thursday weโd also discuss the next chapter. Friday and Saturday were my days off.
Matsui: What an ideal week. For veterans like you or Akimoto-sensei* itโs okay, but thereโs no one of my age that can pull that off.
- 1โฆ Akimoto Osamu, the creator of Weekly Jumpโs longest running manga, Kochikame. Heโs looked up to by other mangaka for thoroughly keeping to his schedule and never missing a deadline in over 40 years of serialisation.
Photo caption: Matsui-sensei is giving his all for Assassination Classroom. He doesnโt have time to take a holiday at this point.
Araki: What does your weekly schedule look like?
Matsui: 3 days for the name, 2 days for the sketches. Finishing up with the assistants also takes 2 days. Recently Iโve changed this to 4 days for the name, 1 day for the sketches and 2 days for finishing up with the assistants. There isnโt a day where I can take the whole day off. However, I think the 4 days I take for the name do include breaks of some kind. Mangaka can take a break whenever they want, but they donโt get any holidays. If you have some free time, you have to use every spare moment to make your story more interesting. Itโs hard to take a proper holiday. In that sense, you veterans are good at relaxing. The better you get at work, the better you get at play.
Araki: Fujiko A-sensei* is amazing. I think itโs something personal, that exceeds technique, which brings forth that sort of appeal to a manga.
- 2โฆA veteran mangaka famous for works such as Pro Golfer Saru and The Laughing Salaryman. Also famous for associating with a wide variety of people, such as the actress Rie Miyazawa and the singer Inoshita Yousui.
Matsui: In my own generation there arenโt that many people that can relax like that. Myself especially, I canโt even say I have a hobby of any kind. That unrelenting energy and willpower, staying active as a mangaka until your 60sโฆ. I canโt imagine it. Last year was Jojoโs 25th year, but you donโt draw it thinking โI should keep goingโ or anything do you?
Araki: I donโt.
Matsui: Your body moves naturally?
Araki: No. But 30 years pass in no time at all, you know. And I have examples like A-sensei and Akimoto-sensei.
Matsui: To me, youโre a great example as well!
Araki: Thank you. Iโm already 53, but I think I should try to keep going until Iโm about 60. I think you should take it easy and focus on making your current work interesting!
Next, Iโd like to hear about your works. Iโd like to talk about Jojoโs Bizarre Adventure first. How was it when your serialisation first started a quarter century ago?
Araki: When I debuted in the 80โs, Jump was full of people that emitted this intense power. I debuted amongst that, so in order to survive I had to emit a power strong enough to stand up to them. In other words, I had to show my own style. When I started Jojo, I think I finally managed to show something like that. I finally found my own direction. In the 7โ8 years before that, I kept wandering, struggling to find my originality, my colour. Those were my twenties.
Matsui: But from our point of view, the works you made before that, like โMagic Boy B.T.โ and โBaohโ, are pretty distinct as well! No matter how you look at it, itโs Araki-ism.
Araki: Back then, I used to draw while looking at Shirato-senseiโs* works. I moved my pen, wondering what to do.
- 1โฆOne of the pioneers of the โnarrative comicโ genre of manga in the 1960โs. He gained fame with his ninja works such as โSasukeโ, and managed to draw adults to manga with the philosophical elements of โThe Legend of Kamuiโ.
Matsui: I get that. To me, you were my Shirato-sensei. When I was young, I tried really hard to get rid of your influence. I think Iโve finally managed to shed all of it recently.
Araki: โHidingโ those things means youโve finally found your own sense of direction. You can clearly draw whatever it is that you want to draw. You canโt have any doubts there.
Matsui: Thatโs right. But I think itโs too late to escape things I already know. For instance, if an enemy is slowly following someone and itโd be good to put in โgogogogogoโ, I think to myself โIf you put it in, you loseโ, but I still end up putting it in. Itโs like that. I mean to put in something original, but then when I look back at it later I often think โThis was influenced by that workโ.
Araki: For me, itโs the main charactersโ thick eyebrows. It took me 10 years to get those thick boyโs magazine-style eyebrows back to thin eyebrows. Truth be told, I just canโt do it because thin eyebrows gross me out. Maybe itโs just bias, but without realising, this influence became deeply ingrained within me.
Matsui: Jotaro had some pretty thick ones too.
Araki: Yes. A supporting character like Kakyoin can have thin eyebrows, but for a main character like Jotaro I just canโt make them thin.
Matsui: Back then, there was that kind of formula where characters with thin eyebrows had weak emotions, so they were supporting characters.
Araki: But when youโre trying to follow your own path, you should break away from those formulas.
Matsui: Thatโs true! By the way, how old were you when you started Jojo?
Araki: I was about 26-27. You see, people who were at the top like Yudetamago-sensei* and Takahashi Youichi-sensei*already found their style in their teens. So I was really fretting. At the time it gave me a serious complex.
- 2โฆA famous manga duo known for the superhuman pro wrestling comic โKinnikumanโ. You can still read new episodes of Kinnikuman in Weekly Playboy Webcomic!
- 3โฆThe mangaka of the immortal soccer manga โCaptain Tsubasaโ. His works gave rise to an immense soccer boom amongst primary school kids, and has influenced many J-leaguers and world-famous soccer players.
Matsui: Nowadays people are quite premature. I was quite late as well, debuting at 25, so I was pretty frantic until I became 30.
I think that even amongst all those other manga, Jojo is a particularly ambitious work. โ Matsui.
Araki: Have you ever had your manuscript rejected by an editor before?
Matsui: Actually, itโs only been small comments like adjusting the dialogue in one panel. I havenโt really had any rejection, so I can say Iโve been allowed to draw freely. Whatโs rejection like?
Araki: I was once made to redraw all 19 pages! Thatโs how it was back then. New mangaka all had to undergo this kind of baptism. If you said โI only have two days left, do I really have to redraw everything?โ they just replied with โKurumada-sensei* does it tooโ.
- 4โฆKurumada Masami-sensei of โKojirou of the Fuumaโ and โSaint Seiyaโ fame. One of Weekly Jumpโs top runners, churning out hit series since the 70โs.
Matsui: Thatโs unfair! In those 2 precious days you could have thought of some valuable topics.
Araki: However, if I look back at it, my drawings were really kind of unstable. The faces on the first and last page are a little different.
Matsui: Couldnโt you have tried getting really angry to see if your editor would give in? (laughs)
Everyone bursts out laughing.
Araki: I tried to protest, but it was futile. Even my popular seniors redrew their work if the editor demanded it. A beginner like me had no margin to object, so I resigned to redrawing.
Matsui: Back then they had that style of training where rookies were burdened both mentally and physically.
Araki: Thatโs right. Something like the Showa* style. In any case, it was ridiculous! (laughs) (*t/n: Showa is the historical period lasting from 1926 to 1986)
Matsui: I think that these days the editors donโt need to test them that much, since there are a lot of people who will draw without complaining or fighting. Even though itโs the same Weekly Jump, it really changes with the times.
Araki: Though I think the passion to bring interesting manga to the readers hasnโt changed.
Matsui: Thatโs right. I agree!
Matsui-sensei, you think that Jojo is the greatest masterpiece in history when it comes to drawing grotesque things. But what do you think is so greatly grotesque about Jojo?
Matsui: A lot of the grotesque things are in plain view, and itโs not as if these things can just be healed again. Thatโs impossible in other manga!
Araki: Thatโs why I got a lot of rejections. I couldnโt show erotica either. Even if I used stands to portray things, it was all rejected.
Matsui: I think they allowed a lot more than in other works though.
Araki: Well, there were many unprecedented things in Jojo, so the hurdle was pretty low. Still, there were a lot of topics that got rejected.
Matsui: Wow! Iโm really curious!! But Iโm sure theyโre kind of embarrassing to say.
Araki: Yes (laughs).
Matsui: I think that even amongst all those other manga, Jojo is a particularly ambitious work. Iโm really interested in the things you thought up that were too ambitious for your editor to understand. I wanted to see those things. Itโs a real pityโฆโฆ Ah, I also get the feeling that youโre alternating between drawing Jojo in a small and a large world setting. Were you aiming for that?
Araki: Maybe I was, yes. Thank you for noticing. When youโve drawn a small world for a long time, donโt you feel like travelling? Iโm just repeating that process.
Matsui: So Morioh, which also appears in Jojolion, is an example of that too?
Photo caption: In Sendai, which stood model for Morioh, there have been many collaborations, like celebrating Jojo's 25th anniversary with an exhibition last year.
Araki: Yes. I used my hometown of Sendai in Miyagi prefecture as a model for Morioh. I made it into a fictional place because I thought they might complain, but they were really happy I used it. I thought โThe times sure have changedโ.
Matsui: I was actually pretty surprised you drew such a familiar world for your manga.
Araki: Someone told me โI was surprised to see you do something Japaneseโ. Is it that surprising?
Matsui: Yes. Even when Morioh first appeared in part 4, it still had something foreign.
Araki: But in my personal life I donโt really get out of the neighbourhood I live in. Before I drew part 5 I went to Italy every year though. Recently I havenโt gone out of the country for anything non-work related.
Jojo is currently up to part 8, but what has been the main cause for you to continue for over 25 years?
Araki: Itโs accidental. I didnโt plan for it to be like this, nor did I expect it. I donโt even know what will happen next year.
Last time you said you wanted to continue drawing until you were 60, but what part is Jojo up to by then?
Araki: Iโm really not thinking about that! Iโm just giving Jojolion my all right now. Weโll know when we get there, wonโt we (laughs).
Matsui: That reminds meโฆ.. you like zombie movies and horror-type things donโt you?
Araki: I love all zombie movies, from the masterpieces to the absolutely terrible ones.
Matsui: I really donโt have a hobby, so Iโd like to have one. I donโt really like gaming either. If I had to say anything, itโd probably just be eating good food.
Araki: You donโt watch horror movies?
Matsui: I watch some every now and then, but I canโt say I watch them all or anything. Iโm the type of person who decides what to use from a small number of good and bad movies, rather than learn from watching a lot of them.
Araki: Ah, I seeโฆ.. I thought you must be a horror movie fan too though.
Matsui: Well, itโs true that I love horror movies. Jojo is like horror movies in that at a glance, it seems to be in a genre that people would avoid, but is loved by everyone anyway and does really well.
Araki: Youโre too kind. But itโs good to be perverse too! Itโs fine to be perverse as long as you keep it limited. If you get serious about it no one will like you.
Matsui: Yes. If it doesnโt have some kind of charm about it, people wonโt like it in the end. Even the most inhumane character should have some kind of charm point. In that sense, donโt you think zombies are super charming?
Araki: Exactly! Zombie movies are really great. I think thereโs something wrong with people who say โI canโt watch zombie movies because theyโre scaryโ, even though they havenโt watched any (laughs). But Iโll go on forever if we keep talking about zombie movies, so letโs end it here.
Everyone bursts out laughing.
Araki: Weโd need 2 hours if we had this conversation, so letโs talk about zombie movies another time.
As long as the starting point is controversial, itโs fine to be moral afterwards. -Matsui
Photo caption: Korosensei has many tentacles. The gap between his striking appearance and his personality as a humorous, ideal teacher has been reflected in the story since its beginning.
Araki-sensei, Iโd like to hear your thoughts on Assassination Classroom.
Araki: It deals with a pretty risky theme, so if it was handled wrong thereโd be a lot of complaints. Within that theme youโve managed to draw about things like school life and friendship, while still keeping morality in mind. It thought that was splendid.
Matsui: I always take great care in making sure no one will copy the actions in my work. For that reason I also needed to create a teacher that isnโt human. The students also use fake knives for their assassinations, so Iโm really careful.
Araki: I see. But that edge is what makes it charming. The title, โAssassination Classroomโ, is pretty controversial too.
Matsui: Itโs just that though. I make the start controversial and then play it safe on the rest.
Araki: But having โassassinationโ as a theme is still pretty controversial.
Matsui: Thank you! That reminds me. In Jojo, people would slip in the bath and look up at the ceilingโฆ...at which point the battle starts. I donโt think thereโs anyone else but you who could turn such an every-day scene into a dramatic, tense battle.
Araki: Thatโs thanks to working for Weekly Jump all those years. You simply have to draw battles. Thatโs a very unique working culture, isnโt it? But itโs also a curse thatโs quite hard to get rid of.
Matsui: It makes me want to see you draw something that isnโt about battles. What would it be like if you drew a genuine story manga?
Araki: Wouldnโt that be pretty boring? (laughs) In the end, I think battles are the foundation of manga. Thereโs a main character, a villain and friends. I think my themes are pretty conventional, such as โGood and Evilโ or โConflictโ. But even if you make it romance or gags, isnโt everything a battle in the end? Whether youโre deciding to have curry or ramen for lunch; every choice you make is a form of battle.
Matsui: I see! Iโm also pretty conscious of what kinds of characters would appeal to kids these days. The kids niche might change and all. Maybe I dealt with it the wrong way, but when I drew this pretty bad character getting beaten up, some people still disapproved of that, even though I got a lot of votes*. (*t/n: The popularity of manga in WJ is decided by a system of voting through a survey card that is attached in the magazine every week. You pick your three favourite manga of that week and send it in.)
Araki: So you should have let them reconcile.
Matsui: No matter how bad the character is, if you just beat them up itโll end up leaving a bad taste.
Araki: In Jojo theyโre just beyond recovery though. When I think โI donโt need these guys anymoreโ.
Everyone bursts out laughing.
Matsui: โThey put me through all that, so I can have my revengeโ, right? Iโm jealous that your unique worldview is so accepted by the readers.
I think Assassination Classroomโs story will progress rapidly from here on out, but will we be seeing any new characters?
Photo caption: The students keep developing through their time with Korosensei. The story will expand even further in the second semester!!
Matsui: I had a very solid structure for the first semester. Introducing the characters, introducing the world setting. By now I think everyone will remember the studentsโ names and faces, so I want to gradually expand the story through the second semester. Iโm thinking I could show the kids using their assassination skills in the outside world a bit more.
We look forward to future developments! Finally, if you could give each other some words of encouragement, as well as a message to the Jump Live readers?
Matsui: I couldnโt say everything because I was so nervous, but since middle school, Jojo has been part of my youth. I canโt put it all in one word, but if I must say something itโsโฆ.. I love it!!
Araki: I donโt get many chances to meet artists from the new generation, so I was really glad to be able to do this. Iโm honoured to have been asked for this and Iโm grateful we were able to have such a deep conversation. This time it was a video and a discussion, but next time Iโd like to draw manga too. Thank you for everything today.
Matsui: Aw, youโve said everything already.
Everyone bursts out laughing.
Matsui: Assassination Classroom is contributing to Jump Live in various ways, like mini-games and special drawings. Korosensei has a pretty simple form, so itโs easy to make him appear in all sorts of things. Iโd like to have him use that light footwork and appear in Jump Live again sometime, so please keep supporting us!
And just like that, this bizarre special discussion comes to an end! Look forward to Araki-sensei and Matsui-senseiโs further activities![19]๏ผใใขใใกใผใธใฅใ2016ๅนด11ๆๅท่จไบใใ๏ผ
ใ้ใกใผใฎๅพใใฎๅๆณฐใจ้็ฐใฏใไธๅฟใปใชใใๆฑบใใฆ่ๅฑ
ใใใฆใใพใใใใๅใพใ้ณฉใจใๆฎบใใใใใใญใผใใใใใใชใใจใใใชใใ๏ผใใฟใใใช๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใ
3ไบบใฎ็ปไธๆ กใใๅฏใใซๅฅณใฎๅญๅฅฝใใชๅๆณฐใฏใๅฏๆใๅญใใชใใใชใใไปๅฉใจๅบทไธใฏใใใฎใขใคในใฏใชใผใ ๅฑใงๆฐไฝๅบใใใ่ฒทใใซ่กใใใใใใใใฎๆใใงใใใ
ใๅคช้ฝใฎใฌใธใงใใใฏใใธใงใใตใณใ่ฑกๅพดใใใฆใใพใใ
OP๏ผใงใๆฌๅฝใฏใธใงใใตใณใๅบใใใใฃใใใงใใใใใกใจ่จใใใใฎใงๅคช้ฝใซใใฆใใพใใฐOKใใชใจ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใใ
Other Notes:
ใฝใจใธใใคในใใใใใฎ่งฃ่ชฌใซใฏใใใฎไปใซใใOP๏ผใฏใในใฟใผใฆใฉใผใบ๏ผๅธๅฝใฎ้่ฅฒใใฟใใใชๆฐๆใกใงไฝใฃใฆใใใฎใซๅฏพใใOP3ใฏใใธใงใใคใฎๅธฐ้ใใฎใใใชไฝ็ฝฎใฅใใงใใใชใฉใใใฃใปใขใผใซใ่ๅณๆทฑใๆ
ๅ ฑใใใใฃใทใ๏ผใ่ชใใใฆใใใใพใใไปๆๅทใฏใใผใธๅพๅใฎ่ตค้ป2่ฒใซใฉใผใใผใธใซใใไปๅฉใใ่พปๅฝฉใๅ่ฏๅๅฝฑใพใงใฎใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผ่จญๅฎ่ณๆใใกใคใซใใ6ใใผใธใซๆธกใฃใฆๆฒ่ผใใใฆใใใฎใงใTVใขใใกใใธใงใธใงใใซ่ๅณใฎใใๆนใฏ้่ชใฎๆนใงใใฒใใงใใฏใใใใ[20]
Had you heard of this manga "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure" before? If yes, please tell us how you came to know of it.
I was aware that JoJo's was considered to be the coolest anime in Japan. I have many friends who love comics, anime and the show but I admit I had never watched it before! When the request came through, I did of course watch some episodes and I immediately knew the show was lovingly made and clearly adored by millions.
What did you think of your hit "I Want You" being chosen as the ending theme for the TV anime of "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure?"
I was very touched by the fact that the creator of the show had been fond of the song "I Want You" and 'Savage Garden'. When I confirmed the news on twitter, my timeline literally blew up and I was swamped with kind messages of support and welcome from the JoJo community. The last thing I wanted was for fans of the show to think the song didn't fit or wasn't appropriate. So to see the positive response, I felt very grateful.
The Part 4 episodes of "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure" (currently aired in Japan) are set in the year 1999, fairly close to the time "I Want You" first became an international hit. Can you share some memories from around that time?
1996 to 2002 was a roller coaster. In the music industry, this was a time of great excess. The entire Savage Garden period was part of a golden time in music where sales were thriving, music videos were high budget and extravagant and I loved very single minute of it. The fashion, the experimentation and the excitement of radio back then was so electric. I am proud to have been part of that period.
There's been an increased buzz for Savage Garden now that people are hearing "I Want You" on the broadcast of the latest "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond is Unbreakable." What is your impression of the reaction from fans?
It's a privilege to reconnect with older fans and meet new fans who were just children when Savage Garden songs were on the radio. I'm meeting fans in their 20's who remember buying our music as their first album. Especially in Japan, the reaction to Savage Garden in the 90's was very special to me. I remember playing some incredible shows to the most gracious and enthusiastic audiences. I still remember my Japanese fans to this day.
The creator of the JoJo series has been a long time fan of Savage Garden and he is thrilled to have "I Want You" on his latest anime series. Any thoughts on the loyalty of your fans and it leading to your track being reintroduced in a brand-new anime project?
I'm just very appreciative that the music has occuppied a very special place in people's lives. I absolutely love the repackaged cover of the album featuring JoJo artwork - it's incredibly cool! Such an honor.
Please give us a message for our Japanese fans.
Thank you for remembering me, our band and our music. My time in Japan was amongst the most magical of my adventures in the music industry. I have fond memories of cheery blossoms, tiny Starbucks cups, incredibly thoughtful gifts, amazing food and an outpouring of love. I love Japan and our Japanese fans and I always will.[21]Onoโs first encounter with Jojoโs came in middle school, when Part 3 of the manga -- Stardust Crusaders -- was running. It wasnโt until he went off to college, however, that he realized just how powerful Jojoโs truly was. โI had a lot of free time as a college student, and I ended up getting totally sucked into Jojoโs, to the point where I spent what little money I had on the whole series up that point. And then during the course of my going to school, as I read it over and over again, I realized everything I needed to live my life was in that comic.โ A big part of that realization was the rather adult nature of Jojoโs, which mixes horror and suspense elements in a bid to live up to the Bizarre part of its title, and, at least according to Ono, became even more satisfying when viewed through the eyes of an adult. โAs I started to understand the little subtleties and quirks of life, as I experienced doubt, confusion and frustration and accumulated life experience, I found more and more things in Jojoโs that resonated and stayed with me,โ Ono said. Ultimately, Jojoโs was part of the reason he decided to enter the world of broadcasting, and part of how he found success. Ono found himself frustrated with weak communication skills, unable to get others interested in what he had to offer professionally, and floundering in general. It was during this period of his life that he encountered Jojoโs again, discovered a love for radio, and met common friends who would shape the rest of his life. โThe people I work with, my closest friends and acquaintances who I see on a daily basis, are all huge Jojoโs fans. In a way, reading Jojoโs pointed the way forward during the time of my life when I most felt frustrated and unsure of what to do next.โ An inspiring story, but how did he feel about getting the chance to play Jotaro Kujo, one of the most iconic characters in manga and anime history? โWell, Jotaroโs a representative character of the series, and from the part that I think most people are aware of in general, so I felt a lot of pressure at first, followed by more pressure, culminating inโฆ really, it was just all pressure.โ There were also a few questions asked about the audition process for the Jojoโs Bizarre Adventure: All Star Battle video game, which Ono also played Jotaro in. As is often the case in these kinds of situations, the audition process for the Stardust Crusaders TV series was completely separate from that of the game, and Ono found himself having to re-audition for Jotaro all the way from square one. It all ended up working out in the end, though. โJotaro is a character whoโs cool and collected and on the verge of boiling over all at the same time. He takes those two contradictory elements and makes them work together at a high level,โ Ono said. โHeโs a guy whoโs cool on the surface, but deep down inside heโs white-hot.โ[22] ใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บ ในใฟใผใในใใฏใซใปใคใใผในใ / http://jojo-animation.com/ โ ใ็ใใฆใใไธญใง่ชๅใซๅฟ ่ฆใช่ฆ็ด ใๅ จใฆใใฎไฝๅใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใ โใขใใก๏ผใขใใก๏ผ๏ผไปฅไธใAA๏ผ ใพใใใธใงใธใงใซๅใใฆๅบไผใฃใใฎใฏใใคใงใใใใ๏ผ โๅฐ้ๅคง่ผใใ๏ผไปฅไธใๅฐ้๏ผ ๅฐๅญฆ็ใฎๆใ็ฌฌ3้จใใใฃใฆใใ่พบใใๆๅใฎ้้ ใ ใฃใใจๆใใพใใใใฎใใจใฏๅคงๅญฆใธๅ ฅใฃใฆไธไบฌใใฆใใใ็ฌฌ5้จใ้ฃ่ผใใฆใใ่พบใใงใใ ๅคงๅญฆๆไปฃใชใฎใงใจใซใใๆ้ใซไฝ่ฃใใใใใใงใใใญใใใใใใใฆใใชใใชใใฎใ้ใงๅ จๅทป่ฒทใใพใใ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใๅคงๅญฆ็ๆดปใ้ใใชใใใ็ใใฆใใไธญใง่ชๅใซๅฟ ่ฆใช่ฆ็ด ใๅ จใฆใใฎไฝๅใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใจๆใฃใฆไฝๅใ่ชญใฟ่ฟใใฆใพใใใ โAA ๅฐๅญฆๆ กใงใฎๅบไผใใใใๅคงๅญฆใพใงใฏ้ใ็ฉบใใใงใใญใ โๅฐ้ ๅฐใไธญๅญฆ็ใฎๆๆใฏใใตในใใณใน่ฆ็ด ใใใฉใผ่ฆ็ด ใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใๆๅญ้ใใๅฅๅฆใชใไฝๅใใธใฃใณใใฎไธญใงใๅคงไบบใณใไฝๅใ ใฃใใฎใงใใใใพใงใฏ่กใใชใใฃใใใงใใๅคงๅญฆๆไปฃใซใใใใชไบบ็ใฎๆฉๅพฎใใใใๅงใใฆใ่ชๅใใใฃใฆใใใใจใซ็ๅใๆฑใใใใ้ใซ่ฟทใฃใใๆซๆใใใใจไบบ็็ต้จใๅคใใชใใฐใชใใปใฉใใธใงใธใงใใๅใใจใใใฎใ้ฟใใใฎใใฉใใฉใๅขใใฆใใฃใฆใใใใฏใใใใใใใจใใงใใชใใใฐใใใไฝๅใ่ฆ้ใใฆใใใฎใงใฏใชใใใจใใใฃใจใใใงๆฐใฅใใใใงใใใใญใ โAA ใใฎ่พบใใงใใ่ช่บซใซ่ปขๆฉใ่จชใใใจใใใใจใงใใ๏ผ โๅฐ้ ไธญๅญฆใ้ซๆ กๆไปฃใฏ่ชๅใๅฐๆฅไฝใซใชใใใใใใใฃใกใๆฑบใใฆใไบบใฏใชใใชใใใชใใจๆใใพใใ่ชๅใใๅคงๅญฆใซ่กใฃใฆๆพ้ใฎใใจใๅๅผทใใฆๆพ้ๆฅญ็ใซใชใใจใชใ้ขใใใใใใฃใฆใใใใจใใๆฑบใใฆใใพใใใงใใใ fd โAA ๆฅๆฌๅคงๅญฆ่ธ่กๅญฆ้จใซ้ฒๅญฆใใใฆใใพใใ โๅฐ้ ใใใงใใใใ ใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใ่ชๅใฏไบบใจใฎใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใ่ฆๆใ ใใจใใใใจใซๆฐใฅใใใใงใใๅใฏๆพ้ๅญฆ็งใปใใฌใๅถไฝใณใผในใซใใใฎใงใใใใใฌใใไฝใใจใชใใจใใฎใใใๅคใใฎในใฟใใใใใจใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใๅฟ ่ฆใ ใใไผ็ปใๆผๅบใงใใจใใใซๅคใใฎไบบใซๆ็คบใๅบใใชใใจใใใชใใใคใพใ่ชๅใซ่ๅณใๆใฃใฆใใใฃใฆใใใใใใใจใไผใใชใใจใใใชใใใงใใๅใซใฏใใใๅ จใใงใใชใใฃใใ ใใฌใๅถไฝใซ้ขใใๅๅผทใใใฆใชใใฃใใใใใ ๅฅฝใใชใ ใใงๆพ้ๅญฆ็งใซๅ ฅใฃใใฎใงใใใใงๆซๆใใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใใงใใฉใธใชๅถไฝใซ่กใใใงใใ ใฉใธใชใฏ2ไบบใใใฐ็ช็ตไฝใใกใใใใใณใฌใใขใใกใใใใใใตใใซใซใใฃใผใใใใๅฅฝใใ ใฃใใฎใงใใใใใไปไบใซใใใใชใใจๆใๅงใใใใงใใใธใงใธใงใซ่งฆใใใฎใฏใใฎๆๆใชใใงใใใ ไพใใฐใ็ฌฌ3้จใฎใใคใฃใผใซใปใชใใปใใฉใผใใฅใณ๏ผ้ๅฝใฎ่ป่ผช๏ผๆฆใฎใปใชใใใ้ใใจใใใใฎใฏ่ชๅใงๅใ้ใใใฎใ ใใจใใ่จ่ใใใใๆ้ใๅใใพใใใ โAA ๅบใใ่จ่ใงใใ โๅฐ้ ๅฎใฏใใฎๆใฎไปฒ้ใฏไปใงใใใใ้ฃ็ตกใๅใฃใใใใพใใใ็พๅ ดใงไผใฃใใใใใใใงใใใ ใขใใกใฎๅถไฝในใฟใใใใใซใใใใไปใฉใคใฟใผใใฃใฆใๅใ ใกใใใพใใ่ฆชๅใงใใๆฆๅใงใใๅญๅจใงใใใใใฏๅคงๅญฆๆไปฃใ้ใซ่ฟทใฃใฆใใๆใฎ่ชๅใใธใงใธใงใซๅบไผใฃใฆๅคใใฃใใใใใใ ใจๆใใใงใใ โAA ใธใงใธใงใซๅฐใใใฆใไปใฎๅฐ้ใใใๅไบบใใกใใใใใใงใใญใ โๅฐ้ ๅใฎๅจใใฎไบบใ่ฆชๅใจใใฆไปใงใไปใๅใไบบใฃใฆใฟใใชใธใงใธใงๅฅฝใใง๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใไบบใจๅใใจใใใใจใซๆซๆใใๆใใใใธใงใธใงใจใใไฝๅใไบบ็ใฎๆ้ใซใชใใใจใใใใจใใฏใใพใฃใฆใใๆฐใใใพใใ โAA ใใใใฃใๅฐ้ใใ่ช่บซใฎไบบ็ใฎๆ้ใซใชใใใใชๅคงใใชไฝๅใซใไธปไบบๅ ฌใจใใฆ้ขใใใใจใใใใจใๆฑบใพใฃใๆใฎใๆฐๆใกใจใใใฎใฏใฉใใใฃใใใฎใ ใฃใใฎใงใใใใใ โๅฐ้ ็ฌฌ3้จใฏใธใงใธใงใไปฃ่กจใใใใใชใ่ฑกๅพด็ใช้จใ ใจๆใใพใใไธ่ฌ็ใซใไธ็ช่ช็ฅๅบฆใ้ซใใใผใใซใชใฃใฆใใใจๆใใฎใงใใใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌใป็ฉบๆกๆฟๅคช้ใๆผใใใจใใใฎใฏใๆๅใฏใใฌใใทใฃใผใใใใซใใฌใใทใฃใผโฆโฆๆฌๅฝใซใใฌใใทใฃใผใงใใใ (C)่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆ๏ผLUCKY LAND COMMUNICATIONS/้่ฑ็คพใปใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บSC่ฃฝไฝๅงๅกไผ[23]
Other
Araki: Well, which one do you choose, Shokotan? Can I call you Shokotan?
Shoko: Of course! He calls me "Shokotan"! I'm so glad. My dream is to marry Jotaro-sama and have a child with him. He'd probably say to me, "Yare Yare Daze" and spit on me. That's my dream. Sorry, the question was about stands, wasn't it.
Araki: So, Star Platinum?
Shoko: I want to receive 'ora ora' from him.
Araki:(Laugh) Hmm...I think I would choose Rohan Kishibe's Stand. I want to know what people are thinking by opening their minds.
Shoko: You work with various people, so that would be useful.
Araki: Yes, I want to discover the unknown sides to them.
Shoko: It's scary though, it seems like you are already able to use that Stand, I guess.
Araki: (Laugh) Well, yeah. And your choice is Star Platinum, right?
Shoko: I want to be beaten up by him.
Araki: I hope your dream will come true.
Shoko:(Laugh) I am a completely bizarre person.
What type of woman does Jotaro-sama like?
Araki: Type of woman? Uh, I don't think he is interested in women that much.
Shoko: I think he would say, "Yare Yare Daze," to a girl like me, right?
Araki: He definitely would. That is his charm.
Shoko: He would also say: "You are annoying."
Araki: (Laugh) That would be great.
Shoko: That's what I want! I want to have a child with him. How can i make him love me?
Araki: He might say that you're annoying, but he'd still love you, I think.
Shoko: I like it! It's tsundere. Does he prefer a girl who's neatly dressed or one with a short skirt?
Araki: Eh, he is more of a straightfoward guy. He will enjoy the time with you, though he might say that you're annoying.
Shoko: Really? Then I will do my best! I think I should go to a disco.
Is Jotaro's school cap a part of his head?
Araki: Yes, it's true.
Shoko: Is it? Why is the cap a part of his head?
Araki: Well, because he never takes off his cap.
Shoko: The cap is part of his body?
Araki: Right. When drawing Jotaro, I felt it was OK to combine his and his hair since he never takes it off.
Shoko: That's a unique idea.
Araki: Indeed. By doing so, Jotaro looks more elegant. I want readers to recognize him from the back, not just his forefront.
Shoko: So he isn't actually wearing a cap. The cap is completely part of his body.
Araki: That is right.
Shoko: Only Araki-sensei could come up with such an idea. It's me who wants to use Rohan's stand to see inside of Araki-Sensei's imagination.
There is a rumor that one scene in the 20th volume of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure predicted the 9/11 attack in New York 11 years before it actually happened. Did Boingo really predict 9/11?
Araki: Yeah, that actually surprised me. I don't know why I drew such a scene.
Shoko: You clearly wrote the word 911 and the laughing plane.
Araki: I don't even know why the plane is laughing.
Shoko: You didn't intentionally draw the scene?
Araki: Well, I don't know. I don't remember. I drew that scene as part of the story, but I don't know what it means. I learned about it recently, but I think it's just a coincidence.
Shoko:Your stand can predict the future. Your Stand predicts the future AND keeps your yourself young. (Laugh)
How can one defeat Star Platinum: The World, the most powerful stand ever?
Araki: Eh...Jotaro can be defeated only by Jotaro himself or by the child of Jotaro and Shokotan.
Shoko: You allow me to have his child? So Jotaro-sama and I have a child and he won't be invincible.
Araki: Correct.
Shoko: That's a great idea!!
Araki: Actually, it's impossible to defeat his stand at the moment. Star Platinum can halt the flow of time, so to defeat him, you need to let time flow again.
Shoko: So you would need to possess a power to control time itself? Sounds great.
What do you keep in mind when drawing pictures in color?
Araki: Well, the combination of colors is important. Like what color should be placed where.
Shoko: What is your favorite color?
Araki: My favorite color? Green...or moss green with some white. The mix of dark moss green and white is my favorite.
Shoko: But the color you actually draw with and the color that is printed are somewhat different right?
Araki: Yeah, you're right. So the important thing is not only the color itself but its adjacent colors.
Shoko: When you were a child, what were you drawing?
Araki: I was drawing things like Hakagata Mitsuru, a character from Kyojin no Hoshi. I'm a big fan of Ikki Kajiwara. I was curious how Joe Yabuki's hair looked like when we saw him from the forefront, right side and left side.
Shoko: Ordinary kids draw Joe only from the right or left sides, but you were not a normal kid.
Araki: (Laugh) Yeah.
What type of woman does Araki-Sensei like?
Araki: EH..? This question is hard to answer.
Shoko: You wife may be watching this show.
Araki: I like a woman like my wife.
Shoko: A good answer. What do you like about your wife?
Araki: As soon as you meet her, you will see that she loves gags. She will often say gags like Shokotan's giza thing (means "super").
Shoko: She uses "giza"?
Araki: When I said to her "Giza Ohayu-su" (Super good morning), she told me I was doing it wrong.
ARAKI Hirohiko : Exposed
AnimeLand : Pouvez-vous nous รฉclairer sur la genรจse de Jojo ?
ARAKI Hirohiko : En premier lieu il y avait le concept de succession des gรฉnรฉrations, lโhรฉritage pรจre/fils. Ensuite, je voulais mettre en scรจne des hรฉros voyageurs qui se battraient pour dรฉfendre lโhumanitรฉ. Lโidรฉe des gรฉnรฉrations successives mโa รฉtรฉ inspirรฉe par la saga du Parrain (Brian DE PALMA), ou A lโEst dโEden (Eliat KAZAN) : des histoires de familles, dont lโaction se dรฉroule sur plusieurs gรฉnรฉrations. Trรจs Jeune, Jโai รฉtรฉ touchรฉ et inspirรฉ par tous ces films devenus des classiques.
A.L. : Aviez-vous une idรฉe de ce serait chaque saison ร lโavance, ou votre idรฉe premiรจre sโest-elle modifiรฉe au fur et ร mesure ?
A.H. : Au tout dรฉbut tout รฉtait axรฉ sur le combat, les rapports de force, puis, au fil du temps, tout est devenu plus โspirituelโ, avec une grande place faite ร des valeurs comme lโamitiรฉ. Au niveau graphique, les premiรจres sรฉries mettaient en scรจne des hรฉros trรจs โmachosโ aux muscles surdimensionnรฉs. Puis les personnages sont devenus plus fins, plus รฉlรฉgants aussi.
A.L. : Que pensez vous de la traduction occidentale du titre de Jojo (1) : le terme bizarre vous parait-il appropriรฉ ? Et si oui, quel aspect de votre travail reflรจte-t-il ?
A.H. : En effet, le titre japonais se traduirait plus par โamazingโ : รฉtonnant, merveilleux. Mais justement, ce que je tenais ร exprimer dans ce manga est rรฉellement quelque chose de diffรฉrent, dโรฉtrange, de bizarre. Donc, en dรฉfinitive, la traduction est plutรดt juste (sourire). Je pense que cette sensation se reflรจte dans certains aspects ou situations du manga : les retournements de situation imprรฉvus, la faรงon dont lโexpression des visages change, se dรฉforme, la personnalitรฉ cachรฉe de certains personnagesโฆ
A.L. : Comment vous est venu lโidรฉe de lโOnde, puis du Stand ?
A.H. : Pour lโOnde (ou Hamon), lโidรฉe de dรฉpart รฉtait celle dโune force indirecte, une force qui frappe ร distance, comme dans lโeau par exemple : si je frappe une surface dโeau calme, jโaffecte indirectement les alentours grรขce ร lโonde rรฉsiduelle.
Le stand, quant ร lui, est peut-รชtre quelque chose de difficile ร apprรฉhender pour un occidental. Il trouve son origine dans le shintoรฏsme : lโessence spirituelle de nos ancรชtres nous protรฉge, en fait chacun de nous est protรฉgรฉ en permanence. Sans รชtre moi-mรชme shintoรฏste, je connais bien la culture et la philosophie japonaise pour y รชtre nรฉ, je suis donc influencรฉ par elles dans mon travail de crรฉation.
A.L. : Vous semblez beaucoup apprรฉcier le gore et mettez souvent en scรจne des personnages possรฉdant la capacitรฉ de se reconstituer aprรจs blessure. Est-ce un hommage ร ce cinรฉma, et au The Thing de John CARPENTER ?
A.H. : Oh, jโaime beaucoup ce genre de cinรฉma, mais aussi les comics, et la tรฉlรฉ. John CARPENTER, DE PALMAโฆ leur travail mโintรฉresse รฉnormรฉment, jโรฉtudie beaucoup tout cela, je les ai tous vus. Maintenant, concernant The Thing, il ne faut pas oublier que les premiers volumes de Jojo remontent aux annรฉes 80, jโavais probablement eu lโidรฉe avant de voir ce film.
A.L. : Il parait dโailleurs que vous รชtes un grand fan de culture occidentale, classique ou moderne ?
A.H. : Oui, je mโintรฉresse beaucoup ร lโart en gรฉnรฉral, quโil sโagisse dโimpressionnisme, dโart contemporain ou dโillustration. Jโรฉtudie tout cela รฉgalement, et รงa mโinfluence dans mon travail.
A.L. : Cela peut-il expliquer, ร votre avis, le succรจs remportรฉ par Jojo en occident ?
A.H. : Eh bien, pour devenir auteur de manga au Japon, il faut รฉtudier รฉnormรฉment, apprendre beaucoup de choses trรจs diffรฉrentes : en quelque sorte, il faut tout connaรฎtre, de JANGAYA ร SPIELBERG.
A.L. : Tous les hรฉros de Jojo ont certaines caractรฉristiques communes : morale impeccable, tรฉmรฉritรฉ, don de soi, plastique parfaite, force incommensurable. Nโavez-vous jamais รฉtรฉ tentรฉ de donner vie ร un anti-hรฉros ?
A.H. : Non. Pour moi, un hรฉros doit รชtre propre, juste, du moins cโest lโidรฉe que je mโen fais. Il peut avoir lโair mรฉchant, dangereux, il peut traverser des moments difficiles, mais son coeur reste pur, et jamais il ne ferait quelque chose de malhonnรชte. Jamais il ne sโattaquerait ร une femme ou ร un enfant, voila son principal trait.
A.L. : Jojo est รฉgalement un des seuls manga ร mettre en scรจne la mort de ses hรฉros de faรงon trรจs gore. (voir la mort de Zeppelli, coupรฉ en deux).
A.H. : Pour protรฉger quelquโun, un vrai hรฉros peut avoir ร se sacrifier, mรชme si sa mort ne fait aucun doute : cโest lร aussi un hรฉritage de la philosophie japonaise. Un hรฉros ne cherche pas lโargent, il devient ce quโil est pour sauver autrui, il est honnรชte, charitable. Plus sa mort est horrible, plus son sacrifice prend de la valeur.
A.L. : Parlant de valeurs morales, on a dโailleurs lโimpression dโassister ร des affrontements โmorauxโ, plus quโร de rรฉels combats dans JoJo.
A.H. : Cโest une symbolique, cela a trait ร la faรงon dont le hรฉros arrive ร vaincre le mal. Il y a trรจs basique ment trois archรฉtypes de personnage dans Jojo : les gentils, les mรฉchants, et les personnages indรฉterminรฉs (du moins momentanรฉment, un personnage apparemment agressif pouvant se rรฉvรฉler รชtre un gentil par la suite). Mรชme les personnages โmauvaisโ ont une raison de mal agir, il y a toujours une raison qui justifie leurs exactions. Et il faut prรฉsenter au lecteur les circonstances qui ont poussรฉ ces individus ร se tourner du mauvais cotรฉ.
A.L. : Jojo reflรจte รฉgalement votre passion pour la magie, lโillusionnismeโฆ A.H. : Oui, je ne rate jamais un show de magie, au Japon ! Lance BARTON, David COPPERFIELD : vous savez, par exemple, ce tour ou il fait disparaรฎtre une motoโฆรa mโintรฉresse beaucoup, je me donne du mal pour essayer de comprendre comment ils font tout รงa ! Cela me donne รฉgalement de lโinspiration.
A.L. : Comme pour la crรฉation du personnage de Zeppelli notamment ?
A.H. : Oui (rires) !
A.L. : Et vous, pratiquez-vous la magie ?
A.H. : Je connais quelques tours, je sais faire disparaรฎtre les piรจces de monnaie (rires)
A.L. : Jojoโs bizarre adventure a souvent รฉtรฉ comparรฉ ร Hokuto no Ken : quโen pensez-vous ?
A.H. : HARA Tetsuo est un de mes amis, nous dรฎnons souvent ensemble. Il a complรจtement rรฉvolutionnรฉ la reprรฉsentation du corps humain dans le manga, il mโa donc influencรฉ รฉgalement ร ce niveau.
A.L. : Parlez-vous de vos travaux respectifs quand vous vous voyez ?
A.H. : En fait, รฉtant tous deux des professionnels du manga, nous รฉvitons de parler boulot.
A.L. : Et peut-on dire que Jojoโs est รฉmaillรฉ de clins dโoeil, ร HNK ?
A.H. : Dans les premiers รฉpisodes, oui, au niveau des corps masculins et des effets goreโฆ Mais plus maintenant.
A.L. : Toujours en ce qui concerne votre travail sur la plastique de vos hรฉros, quelles sont vos influences, hors manga ?
A.H. : Je consulte en permanence des livres dโanatomie, des รฉcorchรฉs, pour la structure des os et des muscles. Jโai รฉtรฉ trรจs impressionnรฉ par le musรฉe Palazzo Vecchio ร Florence, en Italie. Jโy ai achetรฉ des ouvrages sur le sujet.
A.L. : La sculpture รฉgalement ? Il y a des oeuvres dans ce musรฉe dรฉmontrant des poses trรจs caractรฉristiques de votre travailโฆ
A.H. : Oui, tout ร fait, et jโaime รฉgalement beaucoup le musรฉe RODIN, ici ร Paris. Jโai assistรฉ ร des sรฉances de pose, cela mโa beaucoup touchรฉ.
A.L. : Pour finir, il semble quโil y ait plusieurs niveaux de lecture dans Jojo, et chacun peut selon son รขge, apprรฉcier ce manga ร sa faรงon. A qui destinez-vous Jojo en prioritรฉ ?
A.H. : Actuellement au Japon, on me demande dโรฉcrire des choses pour un public plus jeune (moins de 15 ans), dans un esprit trรจs mignon, trรจs Kawaiiโฆ Mais tout cela est trรจs loin de moi, en fait. Pour รฉcrire quelque chose de correct, il faut avant tout รชtre capable de le comprendre et de lโapprรฉcier.
A.L. : Chose รฉtonnante, Jojoโs Bizarreโs adventure semble beaucoup plaire aux lectrices franรงaises, alors quโil semblait destinรฉ avant tout ร un public masculin.
Quโest-ce qui peut justifier cela, ร votre avis ?
A.H. : Eh bien, peut-รชtre le fait que mes hรฉros sont tous trรจs beau garรงon ! (Rires)
Remerciements pour la traduction ร M. OGII Michael-Akira, organisateur de lโexposition.
[25]
In February, Paris Manga had the honor of hosting Masahiko Komino, a veteran of the industry who's highly acclaimed for his various roles on the animated adaptations of Jojo's Bizarre Adventure, including lead Character Designer of Stardust Crusaders. We took advantage of his visit to Paris to meet with him for a fully dedicated Jojo interview!
Mashiko Komino, thank you very much for accepting this meeting! Can you tell us what brought you to work in animation?
Masahiko Komino: I've been interested in animation since I was very young, but it was only after a brief period abroad that I decided to join a school that specialized in animation.
Are there any artists or works that have influenced your choice of career?
In terms of manga, Ushio & Tora was a series that impacted me deeply, but anime-wise, Sailor Moon was the true turning point in my attraction to this medium. Particularly the first season and its animation, I think the staff managed to find a good balance between the different aspects of the work. It's thanks to Sailor Moon that I discovered that we could convey a lot of emotion through an anime.
Stardust Crusaders is the first anime where you hold the position of Character Designer. How did you go about approaching this first time endeavor?
To be honest, it really wasn't my first time. In fact, I was already given a shot at character design in the past without ever being credited, though Stardust Crusaders is the first series where my name is properly listed in the credits. My past experiences have given me a certain bias of the medium as I've been a long time fan of 80's-90's Shonen such as Dragon Ball, Hokuto no Ken and, of course, Jojo. The problem was that they had previously offered me the character designer role for other series, but I ended up declining them out of lack of interest. However, when I was asked to design the Stardust Crusader characters, you can imagine how thrilled I was since it brought me back to the type of shonen I love.
Although you were already on the staff of Jojo's first animated series, you were not the character designer. Why this change of position between the first anime and Stardust Crusaders?
In the original manga, Hirohiko Araki has a trait of constantly evolving with the times. Out of respect to his series, we felt that it was also necessary to signify these changes in the anime. That's why with each new animated season of Jojo, the character designer is switched out. (Spoiler for Battle Tendency) Regarding the reason that I was chosen for Stardust Crusader's design, the team had admitted to being fairly impressed with how I adapted Part 2, particularly the episode where Caesar died. From there, they wanted to see me push that experience forward.
Hirohiko Araki is one of those authors whose art is very personal and immediately identifiable. How did you handle recapturing it? What was most difficult?
Yes, its true that he has a very special design; Araki is one of those designers who really have their own style. But you know, I've read the manga since I was a kid, so I've constantly absorbed it throughout the years to a point where I find no real difficulty recapturing it. What has actually been difficult is the process. When you draw a manga, you are only responsible for yourself, whereas when you're character designer, you are responsible for a team of a dozen or even hundreds of people who are all waiting to see what they'll work on. The issue is finding a good balance between ease of animation (where the rest of the staff can work without difficulty) and keeping true to the characters. That is what is most difficult.
Which characters were harder to work with? Who was easiest? And who are your favorite characters?
The person I had the most problems with is Daniel J. D'Arby (D'Arby the Gambler). This is a man who is not really old or young, and finding the right balance to emphasize that age and animate it without distorting Araki's original design was very complicated. The easiest character was Jean-Pierre Polnareff because he was very simple to work with, even for action scenes. As for my favorite characters, the one who I prefer to draw is Jotaro, while my favorite short character was Anne as she was the one I related to most.
How was working with Hirohiko Araki?
I have never actually met Mr. Araki. Generally, I would send him my work every Thursday and then he'd make suggestions on modifications, though everything was usually accepted very quickly. I felt alot of confidence from him.
What would you say to a person who would be reluctant to watch Jojo?
Watch, and you'll understand. (Laughs)
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond is Unbreakable is arriving this spring. Will you be a part of the staff?
For now, I still have things to wrap up with Stardust Crusaders. I have contacts for participating in Diamond is Unbreakable and I'd love to participate, but before that I'd like to finish what I have to do.
Character Designer, is it an experience that you'd like to repeat?
It's actually not one of the positions I prefer, because I like above all to live the characters, animate them and make them speak. The character design is obviously important, but I prefer positions where I can work on the animation.
Thanks to Mr. Masahiko Komino, his interpreter and manager Emmanuel Bochew, and Paris Manga for the reception.03/28/2016[26]Renowned artist and ageless wunderkind Hirohiko Araki (Jojo's Bizarre Adventure, Baoh, Steel Ball Run) recently gave a lecture at Tokai Junior & High School in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, as part of their Saturday Program series, as transcribed/compiled by @JOJO, Japan's premier site for Jojo-related news. Due to its length this entry will be broken into 2 parts.
The lecture hall was filled to its 1,500 person capacity. There were so many people that there was a delay while people moved in and out of the hall, and the lecture began 15 minutes later than planned, at 12:45.
[12:45: The Lecture Hall]
After a student MC introduces Mr. Araki and his body of work, he abruptly pops up on stage, at which time the hall erupts into a deafening round of applause. Mr. Araki, quite nervous at the reception, immediately has a slip of the tongue, saying "I'm a little honored to meet all of you today." "I'm a little..no..quite messed up. I feel like I've met an entire lifetime's worth of people today." Although he claims that he is not a performer, and asks not to expect laughs, he claims "I'm just going to meander along today," scoring some unintentional laughs.
[Reason For Accepting The Invitation]
Araki, who marks his 25th year as a manga artist this year, used to dislike (from well over a decade ago) being told "I used to read your comics!" "I was a fan when I was young!" etc, since it stirred fears within him that perhaps he was getting old, and becoming irrelevant. But in the past 5 years or so, he has had a gradual change of heart, and has begun to enjoy and appreciate the accolades he gets, especially from older people and people in esteemed positions in society. Also, when he was younger he may have been writing manga to benefit himself and his publisher's bottom line, but now he has a slightly different point of view and wants to give back to people, especially younger people. That's when he got an invitation from Saturday Program, and, figuring it would probably just be a classroom of 30-40 people, he said "sure, I'll do it." However, he arrived today to this circus, and thought, "this wasn't what I signed up for." (audience bursts into laughter)
[Motives For Drawing Manga, Family, Days of Youth]
Young Araki lived with his father, an office worker, his mother, a stay-at-home mom, and younger identical twin sisters. Those sisters were quite a handful: for example, if there were 3 snacks, the sisters, upon arriving home first, would eat all 3, and then proceed to conceal any traces of evidence. Growing up, young Araki, thinking that there weren't any snacks, "would think 'man, I'm hungry' and go chew on something like a really old piece of kamaboko." (audience bursts into laughter). And when his sisters' evil doings came to light, a fight would erupt; and this would occur on a daily basis. (yet more laughter) He would often feel such a sense of exclusion and ill-will towards his sisters that he didn't want to come home. He used to find relief in spending time along in his room, reading classic manga from the 70's and his father's collection of art books, which he supposes was his motive for drawing manga. He figures that had he not started drawing manga, he "might have gotten out of hand and killed my sisters." (laughter)
[Days of Submissions and Rejections]
He attended a prep school through junior high and high school, but a friend complimented him on the manga he drew (apparently he drew his first manga while he was in 4th grade), which made him think that if his very first fan thought he was good, he might want to become a manga artist. So, he began to secretly draw manga when his parents were not looking. He first began submitting his work during his first year of high school; however, all of his submissions were rejected. At the same time, a rash of artists who were the same age (Yudetamago) or younger than him (Masakazu Katsura) continued to make big splashes with their debut. But Mr. Araki could not understand why he was rejected, and decided to finish off a submission on an all-nighter and go on a 4-hour trip to pay a visit to the editors in Tokyo, and to ask them for an explanation. At first he intended to visit Shogakukan, which published Shonen Sunday, but he was intimidated by the size of their building, and decided to take his submission into the smaller Shueisha building next door. It was noon when he visited, but one rookie editor (about 6'2", or 185 cm, tall) happened to be there, so he showed him his work. However, the editor, after reading the first page, promptly quipped "your white-out's leaked (you haven't fixed it)": he was criticized every time the editor flipped through each page; Mr. Araki, already exhausted from having been up all night, felt like he was going to pass out. However, after he was finished, he was told that it might be good, and was immediately told to fix it up for the Tezuka Awards in 5 days. That submission was "Buso Poker (Armed Poker)", which won was the runner-up prize at the Tezuka Awards.
[The Jump Editors At The Time Were Really Scary]
At the time, Mr. Torishima (Akira Toriyama's editor, and inspiration for the Dr. Slump character Dr. Mashirito) would take submissions out of their envelopes, glance at the folder, promptly go "I don't want to see this style!" and order a rewrite. Apparently, he wanted people to draw in such a way that looking at the cover was enough to make people want to read the manga. The editorial department as a whole was always on edge at the time. But he also mentioned in the latter half of his lecture that manga editors were like golf caddies; they provided objective information like "why don't you hit this way" or "you're X meters away from the green" and that he appreciated them. He also said that people who wanted to become manga artists had to get along with editors.
[Drawing Manga, Araki-Style Part (1): 10 Meters]
Drawing styles which are so distinctive that you can look at a person from 10 meters away and go, "oh hey, he's reading that manga" are incredible: Araki managed to make his debut, but didn't feel like he had that unique style. And so from 1981 onwards he started thinking about how he could achieve that distinctive style, something that would make people think "oh, that's him!"
[Drawing Manga, Araki-Style Part (2): The World's Most Simple Drawing]
(Showing a blank piece of paper) If you told your art teacher "this is a drawing of 'snow" he would be very upset at you, but in manga you could say this was "the flash from a nuclear bomb" or "my soul is barren" and that would fly. And here Mr. Araki drops a bomb: "There are people who get paid for stuff like this." (audience bursts into laughter) "It's amazing, really. You know, like....I guess I could get in trouble for mentioning names." (more laughter) [Note: probably in reference to Shaman King, which printed a blank 2-page pullout to supposedly express an "incredible move"] "And coloring the page all black, and saying "he went to hell." Sort of like in the last few chapters of Death Note." (audience goes into hysterical laughter, applause) Mr. Araki tried to patch things up by claiming that he was joking, but could not help further mentioning how much per page said-artists were probably paid for those particular pages.
[Drawing Manga, Araki-Style Part (3): The Ultimate Character]
Araki introduces modern abstract art such as Barnett Newman's drawing of an orange square on a piece of canvas, Agness Martin's drawing of nothing but a pencil line on white canvas etc. And then he drew the following, calling it the ultimate simple, ideal character in manga anybody could draw:
Oh no, we're gonna get sued! "I might get in trouble for displaying this in public, so." (audience bursts into laughter)
He also introduced things like the smiley face and Morizo and Kiccoro (Mr. Araki thought that Akira Toriyama had designed them), and explained that he respected these types of drawings that anybody could recognize, and that it was what he aspired for. "It's incredible. It's the ultimate style."
[Drawing Manga, Araki-Style Part (4): Gauguin]
Gaugin's art, while having depth, also did things like contain certain colors within certain areas, paint the ground pink and the trees blue etc. Araki loved Gauguin's art ever since he was a child, and has been deeply influenced by him. When Jojo became an OVA, one of the animators asked Araki, "What color is Jotaro?" however Araki had no such concept. He colors everything based on calculation. For example, in Volume 54 Giorno's clothes are pink, but in Volume 63 they are blue. Also, regarding the color cover illustration, he explains that placing the color blue beside pink exudes more power. He says that he gets his inspiration from 80's art, shading techniques in Western art, classical paintings and gets inspiration for his various poses from sculptures. All of this research, blended with Araki's own personality, result in Jojo's art style.
[Drawing Manga, Araki-Style Part (5): Aim & Direction]
(Araki shows a diagram mapping the world of manga, broken into 4 quadrants with the X-axis labeledใ"Using classical methods to portray reality" and "Impressionist markings and symbolic fantasy" and the Y-axis labeled "Treating introspective themes such as inner emotions as the central focus" and "Putting weight on the plot structure. "Suspense" and "creating a sense of the world")
If you don't think about "where you stand," you won't have any sense of direction even after you become a mangaka, wandering from idea to idea, not knowing what you want to write about and ending up becoming one of those people who asks their editor, "What should I write?" In the case of Jojo, Araki is trying to pursue reality by portraying things with classical methodology, but he gives precedence to emotion and inner thought over plot structure, trying to portray the protagonists' destiny, so he ends up in the bottom-left quadrant.
[Drawing Manga, Araki-Style Part (6): The Theme is "Mystery"]
Araki was fascinated by mysteries ever since he was a child, fantasized about deserted islands and believed that King Kong and Nessie existed, and so writes his manga with "mystery" as the central theme. In Jojo, Araki wondered what "superpowers" really were, and if he could portray "energy" itself, which lead to Parts 1&2, and the Stands in Part 3, which were like guardians who could "destroy boulders and stuff." They would "stand" by their master and would be called "stands." Apparently Part 3 began immediately after Part 2 with no interval in between.
[Drawing Manga, Araki-Style Part (7): Like an RPG or Board Game]
At the time, the "pyramid (tournament) formula" (A would fight & defeat B, then fight stronger character C, and on and on) was all the craze in Shonen Jump. But, Araki wondered, how strong could they get? Wouldn't the entire system collapse as soon as you reached the top, much like the economic bubble of the 80's in Japan? It wasn't like there could be an infinite number of levels of strength. So, he decided to create an RPG/board game-style system where characters traveled to different places to fight enemies, as seen in Jojo Part 3, where the protagonists traveled across Egypt while battling enemies
Araki's lecture ended here and proceeded to a Q&A with students, which may or may not be posted here as Part 3.
[13:38: Araki-sensei's Talk Ends Here]
From now on the lecture will be a discussion between Araki-sensei and the students of Tokai Junior & High School. Since there were a lot of questions, they'll be summarized and presented together in a certain order.
[Question for Araki-sensei! (1): "When You Were Young, What Was Your Source of Inspiration?"]
"Manga, movies... I didn't have any collections; neither did I have any 'solid' objects like plastic models. I enjoyed drawing pictures. I was a boy who wanted to live in a world of fantasy with movies and novels.
(When asked what influenced his works) "After achieving success, respecting my sempai was the most important thing for me. It all started with Da Vinci - reading about such people was very important for me. I learned about the things they mastered, and through their discoveries, I found my own answer.
As for manga I read when I was a boy, the most significant one was Kajiwara Ikki/Nagayasu Takumi's Ai to Makoto (Love and Truth), the scene where the protagonist is stabbed by a knife... although the manga ended in the next issue (a January New Year's double issue), it was still a rather extraordinary experience for me. When I was in middle school, I joined the kendo club because of Tetsuya Chiba's kendo manga Ore wa Teppei (I'm Teppei)."
[Question for Araki-sensei! (2): "The Model for Morioh Town, Sendai City"]
- Morioh Town is a town in JoJo, while Sendai is Araki's hometown.
"Sendai, when I was a kid, was an old and historical city. Since the '80s, construction began on a new residential district. The new houses were beautiful, but strangers from who-knows-where were scary, and those personal experiences have been tied together with the town itself."
"Well, I don't think there are any homicidal maniacs, but..." (Everyone starts a roar of laughter). Of course, Araki-sensei likes his hometown very much, but he was intimidated by the rapid increase in stragers, maybe Morioh Town was made based on his "disdain" of that situation. Of course, using the real name of the city in his manga may anger people, so Araki-sensei changed the name to something else.
- Also refer to Kahoku Shinpou: Araki Hirohiko's "Buried Gold Requires Daily Expedition" and Araki Hirohiko's talk-essay "My manga are the 'outcries of my heart'"
[Question for Araki-sensei! (3): "What About Love and Passion?"]
Although he went a boy's school, he had a girlfriend. "There's not much to add, since it's what causes the most problems in today's relationships" (everyone starts a roar of laughter).
- By the way, Araki-sensei is married, and according to an interview from "Weekly Shounen Jump", Araki met his first love during his first year in high school, and his preference for the opposite was "a woman who is not ladylike."
[Question for Araki-sensei! (4): "What Model Did You Base Your Protagonists On?"]
"Eeeeh?" Araki-sensei appears worried. There was no model, but there were influences from "muscle movies" such as "Rambo" and "Terminator." Jotaro Kujo (a character from JoJo) feels like Clint Eastwood: he doesn't run, his movements are minimal and he's a silent person. "On the other hand, the Stands are fast." The personalities of protagonists' from each part are different. After drawing Part I, I wanted to do something I haven't done before. (1st Part: Serious --> 2nd Part: A crazy person)
[Question for Araki-sensei! (5): "Irene = Gorgeousโ Irene?"]
What is the relationship between Irene of Gorgeousโ Irene and the Irene who made her appearance in the last part of "JoJo 6" (Stone Ocean Volume 17)?
"I was just having a good time, there is no deep meaning behind it, I'm sorry." (Everyone laughs).
[Question for Araki-sensei! (6): "About the Ability of 'Time'"]
The most powerful technique: "Time". Stopping it, returning to the past, watching the future... if there were people who can control such a thing, they'd be invincible. For a main character with powers that aren't invincible, I want to have people wonder how such a character could win. The ability to control physical things, such as gravity, is also very powerful.
From Araki Hirohiko/Shibasaki Tomoka's Osaka University of Arts, College Manga Vol. 4:
- Araki: About time, when I think about it, it's incredibly powerful. You can do things like repeating the same morning over and over, stopping time while jumping, and the people who become visible only at a particular time, etc. But if I used that concept every time, someone would say: "Is JoJo only about 'time'?" So... (laughs).
- Shibasaki: Is it because you're interested in the representation of time?
- Araki: It's an interesting and powerful concept. To what extent is it changing? Is the other side of the earth being affected by it as well? And things like that.
- Shibasaki: What is the maximum affected range when time is stopped?
- Araki: All the way out into space. Speaking of which, what kind of energy would that be?
[Question for Araki-sensei! (7): "Joseph Joestar"]
And now the 'forbidden question': "Why, as an old man, is Joseph such a lustful man?" "Although JoJo was a story that ended naturally after Part 3, I asked myself: 'Should I draw a 4th part? There shouldn't be anymore Jojo!'" (Everyone laughs). Since I didn't know what would happen in the future, even though I wanted to keep his personality, the personality did match up with his age (Joestar is an old man in Part 4).
[Question for Araki-sensei! (8): "Lineage"]
When asked about the reason why he's only focusing on the story of the "Joestar family", according to Araki, going back, back, way back, all the way to the origin of the family lineage, his character's lineage gives him a feeling of pride - the wonder and the mystery that exists within the "lineage". "I put more importance on such things than others (said with a serious tone)".
[Question for Araki-sensei! (9): "If You Can Describe Manga in A Single Word"]
Troubled by the question, Araki replied: "My combined feeling would be 'the salvation of the heart'? I think it's very important."
[Question for Araki-sensei! (10): "Western music and its influence"]
Using names from Western music to name his characters and "Stands" is a "simple hobby" for Araki. It's also a way to pay his respect towards rock artists. "But the fact that nowadays there aren't many names of bands to use is becoming a problem". (Everyone starts a roar of laughs). The imitative sounds of Jojo is also influenced by music (This was said on "Weekly Shounen Jump"as well). While on the subject, according to SOUL'd OUT, their music is influenced by JoJo. So while "JoJo" is influenced by Rock, it is also influencing "Rock"!
[Question for Araki-sensei! (11): "About the Change in Design"]
When asked about his designs that continue to change, Araki replied that since he's not trying to draw using classical techniques, the designs won't be the same, and usually experience rapid changes. "I'm not concerned about the old drawings (assertion)." Though the readers may get confused, I wonder if they will forgive me".
- It has also being reported that in Hirohiko Araki's collection of short stories, Gorgeousโ Irene, the illustration of Irene that was drawn for Ultra Jump in 2003, was originally a character drawn in 1985 as an entirely different person. At that time, the comment from UJ PRESS was: "I can't draw in my old style anymore".
[Question for Araki-sensei! (12): "You Stopped Drawing Your Self-Portrait"]
Often fan letters would ask: "Please take out that character from the manga", but since the character is almost complete, I don't want to take it out, and that is all. Although "Baoh the Visitor" ended as though it will later continue, but...
[Question for Araki-sensei! (13): "If you can describe JoJo in a single word"]
To a question that he hates to answer, Araki-sensei's answer was: "'The enigma of human beings', it's something I wanted to draw". As a human who works with a theme that will last for an eternity, that's all. Moreover, the manga is also being drawn for people who have committed crimes, it will make them think: "How did I become like this? Is there a meaning in this existence?" It's a "eulogy of human".
[Conclusion]
And so the time has come, the last words from the moderator, and the falling of the curtain. The clock says it is 2:05 PM on June 24, 2006. An event of about 1 hour and 20 minutes long, but to Araki's fans, without a doubt it was a "golden personal experience." Escorted by applause heavy as thunder, Araki-sensei disappeared behind the curtain with a smile on his face.
- End -
Translated by Aldo[27]Interviewer: I'm so nervous today....
Araki: Oh, don't worry. I not here to make anyone nervous today, my goal is to be healing others:) Really, please don't be nervous.
I: Thank You!
A: Oh no, Thank you.
Part1: Hirohiko Araki, Road to becoming a Mangaka
I: Well my first question is, what kind of 22 year old were you, and what was your life like after graduating from high school?
A: Um... Well, it was the 70's. The mangakas at that time were a generation after people like Tezuka-sensei, Akatsuka-sensei, and Fujiko-sensei. And it was a time when the genre of manga really diversified. Not only manga, but music too, like jazz crossing over to rock music. I spent my teen during a time when everything was fusing together, so I kind of caught the momentum of that, and then Yudetamago-sensei, who was the same age as me debuted when we were about 16 or 17. Then I realized that I can't be wasting time. Of course I studied too, but as a student, I also was really interested in art, like manga, music, film, and fine arts. I really aspired foreign countries as well.
I: How old were you when you became interested in such things?
A: Well, from around high school, or maybe even middle school... Then I dreamed of being a mangaka or have a job relating to that.
I: So, you actually read Yudetamago-sensei's works?
A: Read it, and, well, there were many mangakas, and I couldn't do anything about that, but I felt like I had to something myself.
I: Interesting, so that was your turning point in life?
A: Probably... It may overlap with some questions later but can I keep going on?
I: Yes! Please, go ahead.
A: Well, how should I put it... You know how you learn from your elders? Back then was a time when doing the same thing as your elder was really looked down at. You had to do something different. If there were several paths that your elder paved, it was like finding somewhere in between that no one else has gone before. Kind of like that.
I: So it was about doing something different?
A: Well, you had to kind of make sure not to mimic anyone, yeah. It wasn't necessarily about going your own way, but learning from your elders and not stepping in their footsteps. You were looked down if you ever stepped in it. People would say โyou're just doing the same thing, just coping!โ or something, and look at you with scornful eyes.
I: What did people actually say towards your works?
A: Like, โThis looks looks that,โ or โthats story development is identical to so-and-so,โ
I: At times like that, where did you get inspiration to paved your own way?
A: Um... so, I had influences from my favorite mangakas, but also came up with my own things, or added on to it. Draw an area that hasn't been explored by others... and like that, for example, I now think theres a theory, and following a โtheory of hitโ makes you feel like you have to do something that sells. I didn't think of that at all, so I guess I was pure in a sense, yeah.
I: Not a manga only for the sake of selling?
A: Its about drawing something that's never been drawn.
I: Interesting. This gets a little personal, but going to art school, I really understand what you mean. You take a class with a teacher and you get drawn towards your teachers style, but are punished if you fully adopt that style.
A: Yeah, its pretty much like that, but more intense with a strong 70's feel to it
Part 2: What it feels like after becoming a Mangaka
I: So, what was it like to actually become a mangaka?
A: Well, I was worried sick and couldn't sleep during earlier works, and even when starting JoJo. I wasn't sure if it was alright.
I: And did you have a strong support, someone backing you up?
A: Ahh, yeah. In my case, I based my works on works of art from the past that I felt sure, and things that were done by people I was sure about, so even if someone saids something bad or negative, I always was able to feel sure. And the told me that I had to be bold if I wanted a serialized series. Failing a serialized series is losing to yourself, so I think it works out well for an optimistic person.
I: Do you think most mangakas are optimists?
A: I think people who can keep doing it are like that. More like someone confident than an optimist. Many of them have absolute confidence in themselves. Many seems like they go beyond narcissism. So, you don't want to cripple their pride, you have to nurture it:) They're probably simpletons:) Out in the real world, you have to be careful not to be scolded for that.
Part 3: Araki's Manga-ism
I: Manga has really infiltrated our society nowadays, what does โmangaโ mean to you?
A: Like I said earlier, its about the beauty of the art and training your โeyes for judging beauty.โ Its kind of like a training. Um... I'm drawing and sometimes fall into meditation, and skip time. Kind of like that.
I: How do you feel about other mangas and works?
A: Well, yeah, I like some of them, but I'd also like to recognize those I'm not sure whats fun or interesting about them. Maybe not recognizing them, but try to think while I read them. Not only in manga but also in films, the kind of story that I don't feel interesting is when the protagonist doesn't have a reason to progress. For example, there are some that are negative towards fighting, and I personally think thats a no-no. So, if theres going to be war, it should be like โYeah! I love war!โ Thats an extreme example, but fighting in war while denying war I'd say is negative story-wise. If the is a โzero,โ the denial makes it a โnegative.โ But fighting for one's own satisfaction, or fighting war to save one's mother, that kind of elements that makes the story โpositiveโ is really interesting. The kinds of film fit in that. And because they fit in, I analyze from there. So, if you like โnegative,โ and gather a lot of โnegative,โ you start compiling those kinds of movies, but there are many perspectives, so there's not really a right or wrong direction. Its up to your own preference.
I: So the kind of things you're not interested are things that are negative.
A: Yeah. I can't get psyched watching or writing things like that.
Part 4: Relaxing, Araki style
I: You have been doing manga for a long time. I've heard in other interviews that you never miss an due date, and we see you as always being on schedule. Do you ever have trouble coming up with new ideas?
A: Its not really about the lack of ideas, but the scariest thing is the lack of the will to draw. Lack of idea is really losing the will to create. If you're willing to write, you will get ideas, so you shouldn't be afraid of the lack of ideas. Just keep putting things out there, and save nothing. Feeling like you don't care is the worst thing.
I: Have you ever felt like that?
A: Well, yeah, I start feeling like that when I get exhausted.
I: And how do you cope with that?
A: Um, in my case, I go discipline myself a little. Nothing serious, but go out on a walk to shrines, like that. I don't go out in waterfalls:) but that takes away my worries. It kind of weird, but going on a walk or a bicycle trip alone, discipline through a little exercise.
I: Not only use your mind, but also your body...
A: I exhaust myself, and theres many things. Like carrying a heavy load, and you start to realize what's really necessary. I start to think I don't need a cell phone because its heavy and I wanted to toss it, and I had no signal anyways... but I feel really healed by an iPod for some reason.
I: Why is that?
A: Somehow music is really good. So I really only need water, raincoat, and an iPod. I went to a place called Kumano Kodo once. It saids Kumano (Kuma = bear in Japanese) so I figured there will be bears in this place, so someone told me to take my cell phone. I took it, but didn't get any service... Then my feet starts to hurt, and I really started getting sick of all my luggage. I brought some bread with me but I ate it. And I started to realize that those things are not necessary. You don't need it to survive.
I: What do you feel like when you're out training at places like that.
A: Empty, and then I come back from that and start working again.
Part 5: Other Dreams
I: Your art works has been featured in fashion, a science magazine cover, and now in the Louvre. What is the meaning of working on projects besides manga?
A: Um, its the drawing... if theres story and drawing, I guess I'm better at drawing . I don't know, I'm a mangaka, so I have to draw, or otherwise people won't think me as an mangaka. There are mangakas famous for their story, but I'm more on the drawing side, so I want to draw the ultimate picture, something really good.
I: Do you not have enough time at the moment to do that?
A: You know, like the Louvre and the science magazine, especially the science magazine, theres more to that one, but I tend to think all of them as one. Physics, literature, there all the same in a sense that they are searching for the truth. Its nothing alien. So, the person who asked me the science magazine project felt the same way too. He thought that I can illustrate his scientific theory.
I: Was there anything else you were asked to do?
A: Something weird? Is there any thing weird? Maybe the CD cover? The t-shirt designs? I guess the Cell project was the weirdest, but that doctor's medical theory and my philosophy of stands were the same, so he asked me to draw. That way of thinking makes me happy, happy because its kind of like DaVinci. That really is a theory that no one can understand, borderline crazy. No one who sees those sentences agrees to the theory. It might be wrong. And if you write something wrong, someone is going t object later. So that project was a little risky.
I: What do you wish to do next, do you have any requests?
A: Umm... yeah, I probably want to do a series of pictures.
I: You mean like a CD cover?
A: Um, something like the "The Dancing Girl of Izu"
I: Oh!
A: The "The Dancing Girl of Izu" was a little different too. They asked me to draw the cover of "The Dancing Girl of Izu," and I couldn't believe it. They just asked me to do a work based on a famous literature.
I: So, did you choose that?
A: Yeah, but only from the Shyeisha-Bunko series.
I: Why the "The Dancing Girl of Izu."
A: I kind of wanted to draw the emptiness of youth.
Part 6: Message to 22 year olds today
A: I think people's actions should be based on their โeyes to judge beauty.โ How to judge what's beautiful. Are your own actions beautiful, or not. And by beautiful, I don't simply mean the appearance of something, but does something fit in, can you understand it. I think studying is for training your โeyes to judge beauty.โ For example, whether its physics, sociology, or literature, its a way to find out how the pieces fit together nicely, and the study of medicine is the way to discover a theory to cure beautifully. And as you layer those theories together, you are able to judge things, and if you know how judge you will be able to make a decision. I want young people to train their โeyesโ so they can judge things, theories, and themselves, and I don't want them to study only as a way to become rich or for a high academic record. I think having such evil or not is important. It may sound fancy, but being something like a hero for the good is really important.[28]Araki: Shall we begin by talking about each otherโs beginnings?
Kaneko: Yes.
Araki: The first question will be related to work, but are you also involved in writing the stories?
Kaneko: Officially not, but I contribute as well.
Araki: Ah, I knew it! Looking at the illustration books, I believe that, after all, you canโt draw without being involved in the story. Nevertheless, even though you only do the designs, itโs amazing how many you create. There are also a lot of descriptions regarding the charactersโ backgrounds and so on, arenโt there? I design Stands combining those characteristics. For example, it would be strange if I didnโt give a water Stand a certain type of design.
Kaneko: Of course, I think about the way the characters are and I draw them according to their personality type.
Araki: I see. For example, if something releases poisonous gas from its shoulders, it will definitely need a hole. Now the question is, what kind of hole would be most fitting?
Kaneko: But when Jojo is in front of the Stand, there will also be strange poses and things like that, right? How does that work?
Araki: Iโll eventually get to that too. Just in a little while (laughs).
Kaneko: Oh, is it still your turn?
Araki: Yes, yes (laughs). I have things I want to ask.
Kaneko: Understood. Then please ask me (laughs).
Araki: First, my parents used to read to me all kinds of books when I was a wee little boy, like โThe Adventures of Tom Sawyerโ or Jules Verneโs โTwenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seaโ. Only this kind of books and no Japanese ones at all. Thatโs why I grew up to be very attracted to foreign countries, even when it comes to food and music. And thatโs also why I donโt really like Japanese food.
Kaneko: Iโm not too fond of Japanese food either, but you see, my parents owned a sushi shop (laughs)/
Araki: Hahaha. Really?
Kaneko: I really came to hate it when I saw eels getting skewered after their eyes were removed (laughs). But, returning to the main question, I was more into Disney than Jules Verne. What about music? I can see from reading your works that you love Western music. I love it as well, but you know Takenoko-zokum right? I used to do that before.
Araki: Thatโs not Western music, is it (laughs).
Kaneko: But what about Dschinghis Khan? (laughs). They were very interesting. I stopped watching Yoru Hit, and quickly got into Western music and came to love funk and other styles.
Araki: I like progressive rock.
Kaneko: Eh, progressive rock? (laughs)
Araki: From the โ70s. Bands like Yes or Emerson, Lake & Palmer.
Kaneko: Almost all your Stand names come from progressive rock bands, huh.
Araki: Well, yes butโฆ(laughs)
Kaneko: I liked Esidisi [AC/DC] (laughs). It fit really well.
Araki: If the bands are foreign, using their names is ok. But this is definitely not the case for Japanese bands. Thatโs no good. Or maybe I should say, itโs empathy. Itโs a bit strange, like โWhat kind of silly things is this guy talking about?โ (laughs)
Kaneko: Well, Western bands also sing about rather silly things, right?
Araki: If I knew what they were saying, Iโd get too embarrassed to continue listening (laughs). Thatโs why for me itโs about the rhythm, the propagation of sound. Thereโs a sort of space between the sounds. Like the subtlety of the strings, the pauses, the way the air vibrates. Thatโs why Iโm fine with whatever that person sings.
Kaneko: Do you get motivated to work during times like this?
Araki: Yes, yes, I get motivated and I start crying.
Kaneko: Eh, you start crying? (laughs)
Araki: Thatโs right. โOhใ, this is so sadใโ (laughs). Donโt you get sad even if the lyrics have nothing to do with it?
Kaneko: Oh, I do, I do. Similarly to diabolus in musica, making your emotions fluctuate, right? If you used it well, youโd even be able to manipulate people, donโt you think? (laughs)
Where do you collect data from?
Araki: Do you travel abroad to collect data?
Kaneko: No, not really.
Araki: Soo, you are the type to admire foreign countries from afar?
Kaneko: Well, I guess so. I read the books I have with utmost attention and absorb all the information the writers provide, but thatโs pretty sly, isnโt it (laughs). But Iโd love to travel if I had the time. You travel a lot, donโt you?
Araki: I only travel to certain places though; Iโve been to Italy many times, for example, and I love how itโs the โreal dealโ. Other countries just look like imitations in comparison โ when I see sculptures or other works of art, I can only think โOh, this is an imitation of that sculpture.โ.
Kaneko: I want to look more into Japanโs underground, like the lifestyle of the people around Shinokubo or drug routes.
Araki: So you can include them in games?
Kaneko: Exactly. There are a lot of games that take place in our current times, so inevitably I got interested in present Tokyo. Itโs not limited to the city, but the places where people gather have different appearances depending on the time of the day, so I wonder whether I can convey the impact of the contrast between noon and the darkness night brings. I simply like clubs and the like as wellโฆ
Araki: What kind of clubs do you visit?
Kaneko: I donโt, but now I go to a lot of spacious establishments. When I was young, I used to go to hobby shops quite a lot, but nowโฆ Before, there was no automatic water in clubs, so the toilets would be filled with ice and once it melted it would turn into automatic water. And then, if you went to the toilet at 4 a.m., youโd find the whole place drenched in blood.
Araki: Huh, why?
Kaneko: Group scuffles, it seems. Well, both scary and painful things happened, but looking and hearing about those rowdy times has become a very important factor to me now.
Araki: But if Tokyo is the main setting, then itโs all right. I first came up with the concept of โStandsโ when I was in Egypt, since the people over there looked really suspicious. So I thought they were all bad guys.
Kaneko: Hahahaha.
Araki: It wouldnโt have been odd if anyone there had turned against me. No matter how kind they were to me, I just couldnโt trust them.
Kaneko: Sounds like something you wonโt be able to let go of.
Araki: And thatโs how I created Stands, the power of evil, or should I say, a different kind of power.
Kaneko: Ooh, is that why the manga takes place in Egypt?!
Araki: Exactly. Well, the editor loved Egypt as well; the inhabitantsโ power was truly great.
Kaneko: As I thought, if you donโt go there it wonโt actually be clear.
Araki: For that reason, the people closeby have great power, but the further they are, the weaker their power gets. I made all kinds of rules.
Kaneko: It would be boring if they were all-powerful. Itโs good that the characters in your manga also have weak points they can overcome. We use demons in our games, but we thought of adding a slightly different nuance to it - โWhat if we used them as guardian spirits?โ. Thatโs how the concept of Persona was born. We call them guardian spirits, but they are actually great Indian gods or all kinds of demons. Just as the name suggests, doesnโt Persona mean someoneโs โpersonalityโ? Oneโs other self. So, how should I put it, there are all kinds of โother selvesโ, from the charactersโ current appearance, to their manner of speech and even to their job. I thought Iโd combine them all. Thatโs how the characters in the game started moving around naturally. The impetus to start drawing
Araki: What made you become a graphic designer?
Kaneko: Iโve been drawing for a long time, but I wanted to become a manga artist at first. Later, in middle school, when I wanted to be popular with girls, Iโd try to look like a badass, but fail (laughs). When I reached a certain age, I asked myself what job Iโd take; I couldnโt become a musician, I couldnโt become anything. And the last option I had was drawing. Getting into a company was good, but I realized I didnโt have much strength by myself, so from then on I put a lot of effort into it.
Araki: You see, I went to the kendo club in school, but I wasnโt praised even once, whether I won or lost. However, when Iโd draw manga, everyone would tell me how good I was. Thatโs how I started. My friends too would get really enthusiastic about it, like โThis is the greatest thing ever!โ
Kaneko: Hahaha. It looks like you already had editors by that time.
Araki: Yes, yes, they really sounded like editors (laughs). So I really got into this and would tell myself Iโd keep drawing the entire following night as well. These designs [are influenced] by Go Nagai, right?
Kaneko: Thatโs right, Go Nagaiโs influence is strong. Also, Kamen Rider, kaijuuโฆ
Araki: Yes, the kaijuu effect is definitely there!
Kaneko: Itโs impossible to say the name of all the kaijuu. But if Iโm shown the Rider cards, I can tell everyoneโs names. But you know whatโs interesting? When you look into the designs and discover the original source of inspiration, like Ultra Sevenโs monsters being the spitting image of clay figures (doguu).
Araki: Ah, yes, youโre right.
Kaneko: I realised this while I was wondering whether armour should have a (Western) clothes motif, but if you left out the armour it would have looked just like Ultramanโs costume; it becomes Western armour from the outline.
Araki: An extremely abstract image. Didnโt Picasso, after seeing African masks, want to see how simple he could make his own paintings? Same here. Ultramanโs form is indeed extreme. The type of design you simply canโt imitate, just like Snoopy. You generally canโt draw that sort of thing.
Kaneko: You start thinking why it is actually like that (laughs).
Araki: If you make Ultramanโs design simpler than this, he wonโt look cool anymore.
Kaneko: Besides, anyone will be able to draw him. Thatโs why adding one thing after another is easy. Simplifying things, on the other hand, is really difficult.
Finally talking about fashion
Kaneko: What do you usually wear? Neatly fitted clothes?
Araki: I rarely wear ties and the like. And even then, is there a brand that actually suits me? There are brands that donโt fit me at all, that make me feel like Iโm anything but myself. Prada, for example, or Gucci.
Kaneko: Indeed, this does tend to happen. I have a lot of Gaultier suits, but I go shopping often. Because of that, when people ask โAre people like mangaka coming?โ, it seems they are pretty familiar with Jump authors like K.M. or T.B. Apparently, Mr. K.M once spent several tens of thousands yen on clothes. โThatโs so awesome!โ, I thought. It looks like Mr. T.Bโs clothes are bought by his friends or his girlfriend though. In the end I realised that there are all kinds of mangaka as well! (laughs)
Araki: I donโt really go shopping. If weโre talking about brands, then my picks are Versace or Dolce & Gabbana; still, Iโm not too crazy about them. However, when it comes to fashion, I love looking at models. Donโt you think models have this kind of spectre quality to them? The way they tilt their head or their mouths look oddly big. That kind of stuff captivates me. And so, by reproducing them, they gradually turn into Jojo-like characters (laughs) โ like bending their hips back or forth. This kind of bending is also because of Italy.
Kaneko: So this is how they are turned into Jojoโs characteristic poses! Like, โใบใญใฅใผใณ๏ผ!โ or grabbing a blood vessel and going โYou should be stillโ (laughs). Thereโs a fairy named Trish in Persona who helps characters recover their health. Her name comes from the fashion model Trish Goff. Back when she wasnโt that famous I used to think โSheโs so cute!โ. Her name was interesting as well. But then she became super famous not long after and I thought โThis is bad!โ (laughs).
Araki: But I find it amazing that you knew about her from that time. She was already popular by the time I had created Trish Una.
Kaneko: All models have really cool names, donโt they? Like Shalom Harlow.
Araki: Her huge eyes are cool as well.
Kaneko: Lately, thin models have become more numerous than bigger ones, huh. Like Devon Aoki.
Araki: Devon Aoki has got a strange air about her too.
Kaneko: Did you know she is Rocky Aokiโs daughter?
Araki: Eh, is that so? Who is Rocky Aoki anyway (laughs).
Kaneko: Do you know the restaurants Benihana?
Araki: Oh, yes, yes.
Kaneko: He is the owner. Incidentally, isnโt there someone in Jojo part 4 who likes Ferrรฉ? โIs it because Mr.Araki likes him?โ I wondered.
Araki: But the truth is, even if I write this, I think โThey donโt know about itโ while writing it, but do it anyway.
Kaneko: Moschino is the same, right?
Araki: Oh, oh, Moschino was good too! I was surprised when it appeared. The peace mark design came from there.
Kaneko: Double suits are characteristic to them too. The buttons are in the place of the eyes, forming a face. Lately, there have been new designs from John Galliano or Alexander McQueen. Theyโd make good Stands as well (laughs).
Araki: Also, I like Roberto Cavalli too. Quite a lot of people have been debuting these days. They donโt have shops in Tokyo though. They remind of that type of dangerous ladies. I think that kind of thing is great.
What flows from the root of your work
Kaneko: Your works are referenced in a lot of things, right? Itโs kind of like Shakespeare, or, how should I put it, something not seen with other Japanese drama, literature or manga.
Araki: But you know, thereโs also Kajiwara Ikki. โIn order for small people to beat big people, you must think of yourself as a small fry!โ, something like this (laughs). I find this kind of thought pattern moving. Like, โDonโt say such cool things!โ. , I still got that kind of feeling even though I read that in my fourth year of elementary school.
Kaneko: Iโm a bit startled that youโve read Kajiwara Ikkiโs works. Itโs quite different from what I expected.
Araki: Truth is, I started with โStar of the Giantsโ.
Kaneko: Eh, no way?!
Araki: I think it was during my first year of elementary schoolโฆThis is something I donโt usually say, but โMagazineโ was the first publication I talked to in order to publish my first manga. However, incidentally during that time Kajiwara Ikki stopped serializing in โMagazineโ so I switched over to โJumpโ (laughs).
Kaneko: Eh, thatโs seriously unexpected (laughs).
Araki: Despite saying I love foreign countries, I also love stories where poor people rise in the world.
Kaneko: When I see the photos in the tankoubon, itโs kind of rude of me to say, but I think you look like you had a good upbringing (laughs).
Araki: Hahahaha.
Kaneko: Because of that, when you write about Kishibe Rohan and those kind of stories, all the more I wonder โIs this really all right?โ (laughs)
Araki: But you are surprising as well. You had a more frightening image.
Kaneko: Iโm often told that. I have more of an role-playing personality. Truth is, Iโm a pretty easy-going guy. Speaking of manga, I was into โThe Genius Bakabonโ.
Araki: Oh, Akatsuka Fujio-sensei (laughs). It was quite a thing (laughs). Great stuff.
Kaneko: I simply loved the surrealistic setting, couldnโt get enough of it. After all, itโs the person who discovered Tamori! In a way, he raised him and turned him into who he is today.
Araki: Speaking of settings, I went to a Christian school. Thatโs why I read the Bible every day and that particular way of thinking got ingrained in my brain.
Kaneko: Is that so! Was it a Catholic school?
Araki: No, it was a Protestant one. As a kid, I thought โWhat theโฆ?โ at the discipleโs betrayal, but as an adult I understood how important it was. Different kinds of literary works also have their roots in it, and Iโve come to understand all kinds of allusions. However, in my case, rather than believing in God, I believe something exists. Itโs difficult to say it concretely, but it includes destiny. Because of that, if the basis of my works doesnโt have that kind of thing, they become something scary. โWhy am I drawing manga?โ, stuff like that. Am I doing it in order to earn money or to impress women? In time, they become terrible things to feel. But if I have fairness and humanity, I persevere.
Kaneko: Indeed, if you donโt have human love, you canโt draw. Itโs obviously fine if you can get money out of this as well though (laughs). But doing it just for this is not right.
Araki: You definitely need it in order to continue, donโt you think? Kaneko: It also gets difficult when you start thinking โWhy do people exist?โ.
Araki: You reach this question when you draw about things like destiny โ โWhy is this person here?โ. If youโre attached to the protagonist,the question gets even more important. The people who make RPGs feel that to an even higher degree, right?
Kaneko: Thatโs right. We think about the inevitable fate of the characters. Donโt animals exist on the earth freely? Earthworms exist to clean the soil, isnโt their purpose to leave descendants? However, only humans do something different.
Araki: But if that kind of world comes to the surface, then itโs no good. We shouldnโt see the lowest of the lowest. However, if they didnโt exist, then it would get even worse. Not only manga, but also music and just about everything.[29]ใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใใฏๅๆฐใใใใๆผซ็ป
่ๅท
่ๆจๅ
็ใฎไฝๅใฏใใใชใผๆฅ่จช่
ใใใ่ชญใพใใฆใใใ ใใฆใใพใใใใกใใใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใ(ไปฅไธ:ใใธใงใธใงใ)ใ็ฌฌ๏ผ้จใใใใฃใจๆ่ชญใใฆใใพใใฆใไปๆฅใฏใไผใใงใใฆๅ
ๆ ใงใใใฉใใใใใใใ้กใใใพใ๏ผ
่ๆจ
ใใใ๏ผใใใใชๆใใ่ชญใใงใใ ใใฃใฆใใใจใฏใๅฌใใใงใใญใใใใใจใใใใใพใ๏ผใ
่ๅท
ๅฐๅญฆ็ใฎ้ ใๅงใใๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใพใใฆใ็ดๅฑใซ็ฉใใงใใฃใใฎใไฝๆฐใชใๆใซๅใฃใใฎใใใกใใใฉใใธใงใธใงใ็ฌฌ๏ผ่ฉฑใฎๆฒ่ผๅทใ ใฃใใใงใใ่พฒๆฉๅ
ทใชใฉใๅ
ฅใใฆใใใ่ๆใ้จๅฑใงๅคขไธญใซใชใฃใฆ่ชญใฟใพใใใ
่ๆจ
ใใใฏใ ใผใๆบ็นใ (็ฌ)ใ
่ๅท
ๆใๅๅขใงใใใญใใใใใใใชใใใใใชใ๏ผใใจใใ็ถๆณใงใใ(็ฌ)ใๅฝๆใฏๅญไพใ ใฃใใฎใงใๆณข็ดๆณใใใใใใใใใใใชในใฟใณใๆฌฒใใใผ๏ผใใจ้จใใ ใ(็ฌ)ใใใใฆไปๅใไผใใใใซใใใฃใฆใๆนใใฆใ็งใซใจใฃใฆใฎใใธใงใธใงใใฎ้ญ
ๅใจใฏใใ่ใใฆใฟใใฎใงใใใใใฏใๅๆฐใใใใใจใใใงใฏใชใใใจใ
่ๆจ
ใ้ผใฎ้ฌ้่กๅธซใ(ไปฅไธ๏ผใ้ผใ)ใใใใ้ญ
ๅใงใใใญใ่ชญใใงใใใจใไบบ้ใฎๆ นๆบใซใคใใฆ่ใใใใใใพใใ้ฌ้่กใฎใทในใใ ใ้ใใฆใ่ช็ถ็ใไบบ้็ใฎไป็ตใฟใพใง่ฟฝๆฑใใฆใใใใใใ๏ผใใฃใฆๆใใพใใใ
่ๅท
ใใใใใใใจใใใใใพใ๏ผใใใฎใไบบ้ใฎๆ นๆบใ่ใใๆใๅๆฐใ่ชใใฃใฆไฝใ ใใ๏ผใใจใใ้จๅใฏๅคใใชใใจๆใใใงใใใใใธใใใจใใธใงใธใงใใฎ็ปๅ ดไบบ็ฉใฏๆตใๅณๆนใใฟใใช่ชใใใใฃใฆใๆธๅฝใซ็ใใฆใใใใใใฃใฑใใใ ใจๆใใพใใ็นใซใคใฎใผใฏโฆโฆใใฎใใฌใ ใใฏใใฃใฏใใฃใใฃใฆใใคใใซๆณฃใใใใใจใฏโฆโฆ๏ผใใใจใใชใตใชใตใฎ้ใ็
่ใฎใทใผใณใใฐใใจใใใใใทใฅใใญใใคใ ใฎใใฌใฎใชใใใใใงใใญใๆฌๅฝใใฉใฎใญใฃใฉใๅคงๅฅฝใใงใใ
่ๆจ
ใฏใฏใฏ(็ฌ)ใใทใฅใใญใใคใ ใฏใใ่บซไฝๅๅใๆฉๆขฐ้งใฟใใใชใใฎใ ใใใญใใ้ผใใฎไธ็ใซใใฆใ้ๅๆใชใใงใใใๅใฏใ้ผใใงใฏใขใผใ ในใใญใณใฐใใใใงใใญใใใใใใ็้ข็ฎใงใใใคใค่ถฃๅณใซ่ตฐใไบบใฏๅฅฝใใงใใ็นใซใทใฐใจไธ็ทใซใ ใญใใจใใผใบใใจใใทใผใณใฏๆฅฝใใใ้ใซใใขใซใใใญใใญใซใชใใทใผใณใฏ่พใใงใใไฝใใฎๆๅญใซ่กๅฐใๆถใใใโฆโฆใจๆใใจใใฉใใฉใใกใใฃใฆใ
่ๅท
ใซใใผใใจใใฃใฆ่ฉฑใงใใใญ(็ฌ)ใ
ใใจใซใชใใฏใใฏๅฑ้บ!?โ70ใโ80ๅนดไปฃใฎๅฐๅนดๆผซ็ป็
่ๅท
ใใธใงใธใงใใฎ้ญ
ๅใจใใใฐใใใฒใจใคใ็ฌ็นใฎใปใชใๅใใใใใจๆใใพใใใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใช็พไบบไธ้ฆใใฎ๏ผฃ๏ผคใไปไบๅ ดใงๆตใใใใใใใงใใใฉใใใธใงใธใงใใ่ชญใใ ใใจใ็กใใขใทในใฟใณใใใใพใงใชใใๆๅฑใงใใใจใใใ
่ๆจ
ใใใฏใใใ(็ฌ)ใๅใฏใใชใๆฆใใฎใใใจใใๅๆฉใ็็ฑใฅใใฏๆ่ญใใฆใใใงใใใใใฎใปใชใใๆต่กใใใใใจใใ่ชญ่
ใๆณฃใใใใใจใใใใฎ่พบใใฏใใพใ่ใใฆใใชใใใงใใใ ใใใใใ่จใฃใฆใใใ ใใใจๅฌใใใงใใญใ
่ๅท
ๆฅๅธธ็ๆดปใงใ็กๆ่ญใฎใใกใซใใธใงใธใงใใฎใปใชใใๅบใใใจใใใใใงใใใใใถใ่ๆจๅ
็ใๆใฃใฆใใใฃใใใไปฅไธใซใ่ชญ่
ใฎ่ก่ใซใชใฃใฆใใใใ ใจๆใใพใใใใใ ใๅผทใ่จ้ใๅฎฟใฃใไฝๅใชใใ ใชใใจใ
่ๆจ
ใใ ใใใฉใผ่ฆ็ด ใใใไฝๅใชใฎใงใใใใฆๆฑใ่จ่ใไฝฟใฃใฆโฆโฆ็พใใ้จๅใฐใใๆใใฆใกใใใกใฃใฆๆใใฏใใใพใใญใใ็ฝใจ้ปใใๅใจๆชใใ็พใจ้ใใจใใฃใๅฏพๆฅต็ใชใใฎใ้ ญใซ็ฝฎใใคใคๆใใฆใใใฎใงใไบบ้ใฎใฒในใช้จๅใ้ฟใใใซ่ธใฟ่พผใใใใจใ
่ๅท
ใชใใปใฉใ
่ๆจ
ใงใใญใใใใใฆ่ชใใฆใใใใใฎใฏ้ฃ่ผ้ๅงใใ10ๅนดใใใ็ตใฃใฆใใใใใชใใใชใใๅฝๆใฏๅคๅฝใ่ๅฐใงใไธปไบบๅ
ฌใๅคๅฝไบบใจใใ่จญๅฎใฏ้ฃใใใจ่จใใใฆใใฆใ็ทจ้ไผ็ปๆฎต้ใง่ฝใจใใใกใใใใงใใใใใๅฝๆใฏๅใ็ๆๆฐใ ใฃใใใงใใใญใใใใใๅฐๅนดๆผซ็ปใฎใซใผใซใใธใณใฏในใซๆๆฆใใใใจใใๆใใใใใพใใใใใธใฃใณใใใฎๅบๆฌๅๅใงใใใๅๆ
ใปๅชๅใปๅๅฉใใใๅฎใฃใฆใใใฐใๆจชๆๅญใงใใใใใใชใใใจใ
่ๅท
ใใใใ็ฉ่ชใฎๅ
ฅใๅฃใฏใขในใใซใงใใใญใ
่ๆจ
ใใใใซใใใ(็ฌ)๏ผ
่ๅท
ใใใใ็งใฎใใใชใชใซใซใๅฅฝใใซใฏใใใใใพใใชใใงใใใใฉใใ
่ๆจ
ๆชๅฅ็ณปใฎๅคงๆฒณใใฉใใใๅฝๆใฎๆผซ็ป็ใงใฏใใใใใชใใจ่จใใใฆใใใใงใใใใพใใพใใใใใไธ็่ฆณใๅฅฝใใช็ทจ้่
ใๅพๆผใใใใฆใใใฆโฆโฆใใธใงใธใงใใ้ฃ่ผใใใฆใใใใใฎใฏๅฅ่ทกใ ใจๆใใพใใญใใ ใใใ้ผใใฎใใจใซใชใใฏใใจใใใใผใใณใฐใฏใๅฝๆใ ใฃใใใใชใใญใฑใณใงใใใ(็ฌ)ใ
่ๅท
ใฏใฏใฏใใใใ (็ฌ)ใ
่ๆจ
ใใฎ่พบใใฏใใใชใๆฑบใพใฃใใใงใใ๏ผ
่ๅท
ใจใใใฏใน(็พใปในใฏใฆใงใขใปใจใใใฏใน)ใฏใฒใผใ ไผ็คพใชใฎใงใใใฎ็นใฏในใ ใผใบใ ใฃใใจๆใใพใใใใใ๏ผฒ๏ผฐ๏ผงใซๆ
ฃใใ่ชญ่
ใๆณๅฎใใฆใใพใใใใใใใกใณใฟใธใผใฎ้ฆใใใใใใผใใณใฐใใใใฎใใชใจใ
่ๆจ
ใใใชใใงใใใๆไปฃใฏๅคใใฃใใใ ใชใใ[30]
โโ ใThe Bookใใ่ชญใพใใฆ่ๆจๅ ็ใฏใใใใงใใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผ ใฉในใใทใผใณใใฐใใจๆฅใใใงใใใใตในใใณในใใใฃใฆ็ใไธใใฃใฆใใใฎ่งฃๆฑบใใฌใผใใจใใฃใฆใๆฒใใใฆๅใชใใฉในใใใใใๆ็็บใซใดใฃใใใ ใไนไธใใใซใดใฃใใใ ใใใใใใผใจใณใใจใฏ้ใฃใ่ฑใใชๆใใใใใใงใใใ
ไนไธ๏ผ โฆใ่ฑใใชๆใใโฆใใใงใใญใ
โโ ่ๆจๅ ็ใฏใใ่ชๅใฎใใณใฌใใใใฉใคใบใใใใจใใใฎใฏใใใใงใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผ ๅฅใซๅคงไธๅคซใชใใงใใใๆ่ฝใฎใใไฝๅฎถใใใๅฐ่ชฌใซใใฆใใใใฎใฏใใฃใใ้ข็ฝใใงใใใ็นใซไปๅใฎใThe Bookใใฏในใใจๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใใงใ
โโ ใใธใงใธใงใใฎไธ็ใซๅ ฅใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผ ใใใ้ฆดๆใใงใใใงใใใๅผใ่พผใพใใใฃใฆใใใใไนไธใใใฎไปๅฉใซใชใฃใฆใใฆใใใณใฌใฎใใใฉใคใบใฃใฆใใพใ่ชญใใ ใใจใ็กใใใ่ชค่งฃใใฆใใใฎใใใใใชใใใฉใใกใใฃใจๅไฝใจ้ใใชใผใใฃใฆๆใใใจใใใฃใใใงใใใใงใใใใฎใThe Bookใใฏใใชใ็ๆใใใฆใใพใใใญใๆธใไธใใใฎใซไฝๅนดใใใฃใใใงใใใฃใ๏ผ
ไนไธ๏ผ ไฝๅนดใใใฃใใฎใใชโฆใๅคๅ5ๅนดใใใใ ใจๆใใพใใๅคง้ใฎใใๅ็จฟใใใใพใใ็ตๅฑใ2000ๆไปฅไธๆธใใใฏใใชใใงใใใๆใ่ฟใใจ5ๅนดใฏใขใใจใใ้ใงใใญใ
โโ ๅท็ญ5ๅนดใใใๅ็จฟ2000ๆใฏใใใใงใใญใ
ไนไธ๏ผ ใใธใงใธใงใใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใ่ช็ฑใซๅใใใฆใใชใใจใใใใๆใไบบๅฝขใใๆธใใฆใใชใ้ๅๆใใใฃใจใคใใพใจใฃใฆใใฆโฆใใใใงใใใใใใจ่ใใๅฟ ่ฆใใใใจๆใฃใฆ่ชๅใงไฝๅบฆใใใใซใใฆไฝๆฆใ็ทดใฃใฆใใพใใใใใใใใใจใใงใใใฎใฏไธ็ใซไธๅบฆใชใใใใชใใใจๆใใจใ็ดๅพใงใใชใๅ็จฟใงๆฌใๅบใใฎใฏไธ็ๅพๆใใใใ ใฃใใฎใงใๅๆน้ขใซ้ ญใไธใใฆๆฌใๅบใชใ็ถๆณใ็ถใใพใใใ
่ๆจ๏ผ ใงใใใใฎ็ฒๆใฏใใฃใใจๆใใใใใใใซใใใๆฌใซใชใฃใฆใใ
ไนไธ๏ผ ไปๅใฎใThe Bookใใงใฏ่ๆจๅ ็ใซๅฃ็ตตใๆฟ็ตตใๆใใฆ้ ใใใใงใใใไปใฎ็ตตๆใง4้จใฎใญใฃใฉใ่ฆใใใใฎใฏใใใใใใใใใงใใ
่ๆจ๏ผ ๆฟ็ตตใงๆฐใไฝฟใฃใใฎใๆฅๅธธๆงใชใใงใใใๅฌใฎๆ็็บใ่ๅฐใชใใง่ๆฏใซ้ชใ้ใใใฆใฟใใใๅฐ่ชฌใชใชใธใใซใฎๆตใไปๅฉใใกใจๆฆใใใฉใใงใใๆชใใฆๅผทใๆตใใฃใฆใใๆใใใใชใใใ็บใฎไธญใซใใไธปไบบๅ ฌใใฃใฆใใๆใใงใใกใใใจไบบ็ใฎ่ๆฏใใใใใใฎ่พบใฎใชใขใชใใฃใจใใฏๆณจๆใใพใใใ
ไนไธ๏ผ
ใฉใฎใคใฉในใใๅใฎใคใกใผใธไปฅไธใงใใใใใใจๅทป้ ญๅฃ็ตตใงๆใใฆ้ ใใ้ฃใณๅบใใคใฉในใใใใใใพใใใฐใใใโฆใ
โโ ไนไธๅ ็ใฏใใใใฉใคใบใฎๅท็ญใง้ข็ฝใใฃใ้จๅใฏใฉใใงใใ๏ผ
ไนไธ๏ผ ใใธใงใธใงใใใกใณใ ใใซๅคใใใใชใใฟใๆฃใใฐใใฆใฟใใใงใใใใใใใใจใใใ้ข็ฝใใฃใใๅไบบ่ชใๆธใใฆใใๆฐๅใงใใใ
่ๆจ๏ผ ใใใใใใฟ็ใช้จๅใใใชใใ็ใ็ใใใฆใใใ ใใญ(็ฌ)ใ้ฉๅบฆใซใชใฉใใฏในใใฆใใๆใใๅบใฆใใใใ
ไนไธ๏ผ ๆๅใฏใใฟ็ใช้จๅใๆ้คใใๆนๅใงๆธใใฆใใใใงใใใใใใใใจๅใ็ฉ็ใช้ๅๆใๅบใฆใใพใฃใฆใใจใใใใใฟ็ใช่ฆ็นใๅ ฅใใใใไธๆ่ญฐใจ้ๅๆใใชใใชใฃใฆใใใใใชๆฐใใใใฎใง็ฉๆฅต็ใซๅ ฅใใใใจๆใใพใใใ
่ๆจ๏ผ ไนไธใใใฏไปฅๅใใใ4้จใๅฐ่ชฌใซใใใใใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใใใใญใ
ไนไธ๏ผ 3้จใจ5้จใฎใใใฉใคใบใใใงใซๅบ็ใใใฆใใใจใใใฎใใใใใงใใใใงใใใใๅบใฆใใชใใฆใ4้จใ้ธใใงใใๆฐใใใพใใไธๆฐๅณใงๅฅฝใใชใใงใใ
่ๆจ๏ผ 4้จใไนไธใฏใผใซใใซ่ฟใใใใใใชใใใช๏ผใใใฎใThe Bookใใๅบใใใญใในใใฒใผๆใใใไฝๅฎถใใใใใใจๆใใใ
ไนไธ๏ผ ๅใฏใใใใใชไฝๅฎถใใใ4้จใฎๅฐ่ชฌใๆธใใใ้ข็ฝใใ ใใใชใใฃใฆๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใๆธใใไฝๅฎถใใใใใธใงใธใงใใใฉใ่ชญใใงใใใฎใใๅบใฆใใใใง้ข็ฝใใใ ใชใใจโฆใใใใฎไฝๅฎถใฏใใใใใจใใใๅฅฝใใ ใฃใใใ ใชใใจใใใใจๆใใพใใ
โโ ๅไธญใฎในใฟใณใ่ฝๅ(่ฉณ็ดฐใฏๅฐ่ชฌใ่ชญใใงใใใ๏ผ)ใฏไนไธๅ ็ใฎใชใชใธใใซ๏ผ
ไนไธ๏ผ ใใใงใใญใ
่ๆจ๏ผ ในใฟใณใใฃใฆๅฟ ใ่ชๅใฎไบบ็่ฆณใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใ ใใ่ใใๆฌไบบใใใชใใจใใใใใๆใซๆใใชใใใใใชใใใชใๆใๆฌไบบใใใใใในใดใคใใฃใฆๆใฃใใฎใใใใใ ใใญใ
ไนไธ๏ผ ใในใฟใณใใไบบ็่ฆณใๅๆ ใใฆใใใโฆใใใใใใ่จ่ใงใใญใ
โโ ไนไธๅ ็ใ4้จใงๅฅฝใใชใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใฏ่ชฐใงใใ๏ผ
ไนไธ๏ผ ๅ่ฏๅๅฝฑใงใใญใ้ฃ็ถๆฎบไบบ็ฏใฎๆชๅฝนใชใใงใใใใจใซใใๅนณ็ฉใซไบบ็ใ็ตใใใใจ่จใใใฎๆๆณใ่กๆ็ใงใๅใฎไบบ็ใซใ้ฆดๆใใ ใจใใใใใฃใฆใ
่ๆจ๏ผ ๅ่ฏใฏๅๅใใชใใ ใใญใใจใซใใใๆชใฎใใผใญใผใใ็ฎๆใใฆใใใงใใใคใฏใใณใฌใงใฏๆใใชใใฃใใใฉๅ่ฏใฎ่ๆฏใใใใใงใใใๅ่ฏใฎๆฏ่ฆชใ่ๅพ ใฟใใใชใใจใใใฆใฆ็ถ่ฆชใฏ่ฆใฆ่ฆใฌใใชใงใใใใใใใพใชใใใฃใฆๆใฃใฆใใใใๅ่ฏใใใใใพใงๆใใใจใใฆใใฃใฆใใใใใ ใใณใฌใงใใฃใกใใใจๆชๅฝนใจใใฆใฏๆฒใใใคใใซใชใใใๆตใซใใชใใชใใใใใใฎๅ ผใญๅใใฏๆใใชใใฃใใฃใฆใใใๅฐๅนด่ชใ ใใใงใใชใใฃใใฎใใชใใงใไนไธใใใฎๅฐ่ชฌใซใฏใใใใๆฒใใ้จๅใใใฃใฆใใใชใ่ฏใใฃใใงใใใ
โโ ๅฐ่ชฌๅฎถใจใใ็ซๅ ดใใ่ฆใฆใใใธใงใธใงใใฎใญใขใฏใฉใใ ใจๆใใพใใ๏ผ
ไนไธ๏ผ ใใใฏไบบใใใใ้ใใจๆใใพใใใๅใฎไธญใงใฏๆผๅบใงใใๆฎ้ใฎใใณใฌใชใใใใชใ่ฆใใฆ่ชญ่ ใ้ฉใใๅ ด้ขใงใใใใธใงใธใงใใฏๅฐใใใคๅจ่พบใๅบใใฆใใๆ็คบใใใใใชใใพใฏใพใฏใใๆใใใใใพใใใใใใใใใฏใชใใใใใชไปๆใใใใใๅฅฝใใงใใใธใงใธใงใใ่ชญใใงใใฆ่ณ็ฆใๆใใๆใงใใญใ
่ๆจ๏ผ ใใใใจใใใใใพใใใงใไฝๆฐใชใใใฃใฆใใ ใใฉ(็ฌ)ใ
โโ ่ๆจๅ ็ใใ่ฆใฆใใใฎใThe Bookใใฎ้ญ ๅใฏใฉใใงใใใใ๏ผ
่ๆจ๏ผ ใใฎใThe Bookใใซใฏใญใใตในใใณในใใใใใงใใใใใจใใ่กใฎๅ ็ธใ็ใช่จญๅฎใๅบใฆใใใใ ใใฉใใใฎ่พบใใคใคใฃใใญใใใใๅคใใชใใฃใใฎใฏใใใใไนไธใใใ
ไนไธ๏ผ ๅใฏใใธใงใธใงใใ่ชญใใงใ่ก็ธใใจใใ่จ่ใๆฐใซใใใใใซใชใฃใใใงใใๅฐใๅใใใ็ถใใจใใๅญใใจใใใใใใใญใผใฏใผใใๅฅฝใใซใชใฃใฆใใฆใ่ชๅใฎๅฐ่ชฌใงใใใใใฃใ่กๆใฎ่ฉฑใๆธใใใใใฆใใพใใใ
่ๆจ๏ผ ใThe Bookใใฏไนไธใฏใผใซใใซ4้จใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใๆใใใใใจใใใใคใคใใงใใใๅๆณฐใจใไปๅฉใจใใฃใ4้จใฎๅใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใใกใๆทฑใๆใใใฆใใฆใๅไฝใใใใใใใใใชใใงใใญใ
โโ ๅฐ่ชฌใ ใจใๅฟ็ๆๅใใใ็ดฐใใๅ ฅใใใใพใใญใ
่ๆจ๏ผ 3้จใ4้จใๆใใฆใใ้ ใๆ ๅฝ็ทจ้่ ใใใๆฒใใ่ฉฑใๆใใฆใใใใจ่จใใใใใงใใใๅใใใใ็ฎๆใใใใ ใใฉใใงใ่ฅใใฃใใใใใใใใพใง้ใใฆใใชใใฃใใใ ใใฉใใใฎใThe Bookใใซใฏใใใใใใใงใใใ4้จๅฝๆใซ็ฎๆใใฆใใใใฎใฎๅฎๆๅฝขใใใใๅฎ็งใงใใญใ
ไนไธ๏ผ
่ฏใใฃใโฆใใใใจใใพใใใใฌใผใทใงใณ
่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใ1960ๅนด6ๆ7ๆฅใไปๅฐๅธ็ฃใพใใ ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใ็ฌฌ20ๅๆๅก่ณใซใๆญฆ่ฃ ใใผใซใผใใงๆบๅ ฅ้ธใใใใฅใผใ ใ้ญๅฐๅนดใใผใใฃใผใใใใชใผๆฅ่จช่ ใใซ็ถใใ87ๅนดในใฟใผใใฎใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใใฏ็พๅจใ็ถใใ่ชญ่ ใซ็ตถๅคงใชๆฏๆใๅใใฆใใโฆโฆโฆใ
ใฟใคใใซ
่น่ถใใฉใผใใฏใใใพใใฆใ่น่ถใงใใไปๆฅใฏใๅฟใใใจใใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใใใใใฉใใใใใใจใใใใใพใใ ่น่ถใ่ๆจใใใใกใใฃใจไปไผบใใพใใใใใคใใซใธใงใธใงใฎๅ ญ้จใๆ็ตๅใจใโฆโฆโฆใใฎๅ็จฟใใใใพโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใใใใไปๆใใฆใพใใญใ ่น่ถใใใ็ตใใใใชใจใใๆใชใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใไปๆฅใฎๆทฑๅคใซใฏใ ่น่ถใใใใชๆใซใ๏ผๅบใใใใใใใงใใญใใใใใใฏใใใใฎ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใใใฎๅตๅใ้ฃพใใฎใซใตใใใใใฟใคใใณใฐใงใ้ช้ญใใพใใฆใใกใใฃใจๆฉใๅฎๆ็ฅใใจใใฃใฆใฏใชใใงใใใฉโฆโฆโฆใ (่ฑๆบใฎ็ด่ข) ่ๆจใใใใใฟใพใใใ ่น่ถใ้ๅธธใซใขใณใใฉใณในใชใใฎใง็ณใ่จณใชใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใจใใใใใพใใ ่น่ถใใใใใงใใใใพใใใใใใใ้กใใใใใพใใๅ ็ใๅใจๅใๅนดใงใใญ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใชใใงใใ๏ผใ ่น่ถใ1960ๅนด็ใพใใงใใใญ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใงใใใฉโฆโฆโฆใ ่น่ถใใใใงใใญใๅใ60ๅนด็ใพใใงใใญใ6ๆใ ใใใงใใญ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใฏใใ ่น่ถใๅใฏ7ๆใงใ(็ฌ)ใ ใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆQ1๏ฝQ20
Q1ใๆไฝๆใซ่ตทใใ๏ผ ่น่ถใๆใไฝๆใซ่ตทใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ็งใฏ10ๆๅใงใใญใ ่น่ถใ10ๆๅ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๆใฎ10ๆๅใใฏใใ
Q2ใในใใฌใน่งฃๆถๆณใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใในใใฌในใฎ่งฃๆถๆณใฏใชใใงใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใไปไบๅ ดใพใงๆญฉใใฆ้ใฃใฆใใฆใใใใงใใใฉใใๆญฉใใฆ10ๅใใใใชใใงใใใฉใใใใงใใญใ
Q3ใใขใคใใขใ่ใใๅ ดๆใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใขใคใใขใ่ใใๅ ดๆใฏใฉใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฃใจโฆโฆโฆใใฎ้จๅฑใงใใญใ (ๆฎๅฝฑๅ ดๆใฏไปไบๅ ด)
Q4ใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใใใจๆใฃใใใฃใใใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใใใจๆใฃใใใฃใใใฏ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใฏใใโฆโฆโฆใใฎใใใ่ค้ใงใใ ่น่ถใใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใไธ่จใงใฏ็ญใใใใชใใงใใใฉใใพใๅฐใใ้ ใๅ้ใใใณใฌไธๆใใญใใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใใใไบใใใฃใใใใใใใชใชใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใฏใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใๅ้ใซ่ชใใฆใใใฃใใใจใๅฌใใใฆใ
Q5ใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใฃใฆใใชใใฃใใ ่น่ถใใใใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใฃใฆใใชใใฃใใใไฝใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใใผใฃใจใใใใฏใใ่ใใใใชใใงใใญใไฝใ็กใใจๆใใพใใ
Q6ใๅฐ่ฑกใซๆฎใใใกใณใฌใฟใผ ่น่ถใๅฐ่ฑกใซๆฎใฃใฆใใใใกใณใฌใฟใผใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใโฆโฆโฆใชใใใญใใณใณใตใผใใฎใใฑใใใจใใๅๅฐใใฆใใฃใฆใไธ็ทใซ่กใใพใใใใใฟใใใช(็ฌ)ใ ่น่ถใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ๆจใใกใใฃใจ่กใฃใใ้ฃใซๅบงใฃใฆใใใฃใใใใจๆใใใงใใกใใฃใจ้ ๆ ฎใใใฆใใใ ใใใใงใใใฉใใใใใใใๅธญใง่กใใใใฃใใใงใใใฉใใญใใฏใขใผใใฃในใใฎใใบใปในใญใฃใใฐในใฃใฆใใโฆโฆโฆใ ่น่ถใใใบใปในใญใฃใใฐในใงใใโฆโฆโฆๆใ ใฎไธไปฃใซใฏในใใฉใคใฏใงใใใใพใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใ่กใใใใฆใใใใใชใใฃใใใงใใใฉใใกใใฃใจใใใฏโฆโฆโฆ(็ฌ)ใ
Q7ใ่ณๆใซใคใใฆ ่น่ถใ่ณๆใฏใใฉใฎใใใชใใฎใ่ฆใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใฃใจโฆโฆโฆใใใไฝใงใใใใใใฎๆใซๆถ้ฒ่ปใไฝฟใใฃใฆใใฃใใๆถ้ฒ่ปใฎๅ็ใใใฃใฆใใใใๆใฎๆบใกๆฌ ใใ็ฅใใใใฃใใใๆใฎๆบใกๆฌ ใใฎ่ณๆใๆขใใฆใใใฃใฆๆใใงใ
Q8ใใใ ใใใฎ้ๅ ท ่น่ถใใใ ใใใฎ้ๅ ทใใฒใจใคใๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใใ ใใใฎ้ๅ ท๏ผใใพใใไธใคใฏGใใณใงใใญใใใใใไฝฟใใชใใใงใใใ ่น่ถใใใณใฌๅฎถใฎๅฝใงใใใญใGใใณใจใใใพใใจใ ่ๆจใใใใไปใซใใใณใใใใงใใใฉใใใใ ใใงใใญใๅใฎๅ ดๅใใใใฃใจใใใฎ็จฎ้กใ ใใใจใใใใจใ (็ป้ขใซใใผใใฉใฎGใใณใใฎใใญใใ)
Q9ใใขใคใใขใใผใใฏใใ๏ผ ่น่ถใใขใคใใขใใผใใฎใใใชใใฎใฏใใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใพใใ่ฆใใฆโฆโฆโฆ่กจใ ใ๏ผใ (ๅผๅบใใใๅคงๅญฆใใผใใๅใๅบใใใชใใฎๅคๅฒใ็กใใใผใ) ่น่ถใ็ช็ถ่ฆใใฆใใใ ใใใฎใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ๆจใไธญใฏใกใใฃใจใใใงใใใใญใ (ใจ่จใใคใคใใใฉใใฉใจ่ฆใใ) ่น่ถใใใใใใกใใใใกใใโฆโฆโฆใใใใขใคใใขใใผใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใๆใใงใ
Q10ใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใฃใฆๅพใใใใจใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใฃใฆๅพใใใใจใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฎใๆใฏใใใญใใๅญไพใฎๆใฏใใณใฌใฐใฃใใ่ชญใใงใใใณใฌใ่ชญใใชใใฃใฆ่จใใใฆใใใใงใใใฉใใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใฃใใจใใใใณใฌใ่ชญใใใฃใฆ่จใใใฆใใใใ้ใซ่พใใฃใฆใใใโฆโฆโฆๆฏๆฅ่ชญใพใชใใใใใชใใใง(็ฌ)ใ ่น่ถใใใใงใใใญใใ
Q11ใ่พใใใใจๆใฃใใใจใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ่พใใใใจๆใฃใใใจใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใไปใฎใจใใใใชใใงใใญใใ
Q12ใใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆ็ขบไฟกใๅพใใฎใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ่ชๅใใใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆใใฃใฆใใใใชใจ็ขบไฟกใๅพใใฎใฏใใคใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใ็ขบไฟกใใใใจใๅฅใซ็กใใใฐโฆโฆโฆใใคๅใใใใใฃใฆๆฏๆฅใใณใใฆใใฆใใใใงไฝๅนดใ็ตใฃใฆใใใใชใใฃใฆๆใใงใใใฉใ ่น่ถใใชใใปใฉใ
Q13ๅบงๅณใฎ้ใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅบงๅณใฎ้ใฏ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใจใ็ใใใฃใฆใใใฎใไฝใฆ่จใใโฆโฆโฆใใใใ้ขจใซใใฆใใใฎใๅบงๅณใฎ้ใงใใญใไพใใฐใ่ใฃใฑใฎ่ฒใ็ทใฃใฆใใใฎใใๆฌๅฝใซ็ทใใชใฃใฆๆใใใใชใ ่น่ถใใชใใปใฉใ ่ๆจใใใณใฏใงใใใใใใใชใใฎ๏ผใฃใฆใใใใฃใฆใใณใฏใฎ่ใฃใฑใซใใใใจใใใใใใไบใงใใญใ
Q14ใใธใณใฏในใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใธใณใฏในใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใธใณใฏในใงใใชใใงใใใฉใใขใคใใขใ่ใใใจใใฏใดใซใด13ใใใใชใใใงใใใฉใๅฃใ่ใซใใใจใใๆตฎใใถใใงใใใๅฏใฆใฆใ้ง็ฎใชใใงใใใใใใๆใซใใ(ๅฃใ่ใซใใฆ)่ใใใจใไฝๆ ใใฏ่งฃใใชใใใงใใใฉใๅ ฅใๅฃใจใ็ชใๅใใฆใใ้ง็ฎใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใใใใธใณใฏในใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใใธใณใฏในใงใใ
Q15ใ็ท ใใใใฏๅฎใใใ๏ผ ่น่ถใ็ท ใใใใฏๅฎใใใๆนใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใไธๅฟใ่ฝใจใใใใจใฏไปใฎใจใใใชใใฃใใจๆใใพใใใชใใงใใญใ
Q16ใๆๅคงใฎไฟฎ็พ ๅ ดใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆๆๅคงใฎไฟฎ็พ ๅ ดใ่ฟใใใชใจๆใฃใใฎใฏใใคใงใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฃใฑใไฝ่ชฟใๅฃใใใจใใใ ่น่ถใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใ็นใซใๅใฏในใใฌในๆงใฎ่ใซๆฅใใฟใคใใฟใใใงใใใฎๆใฏใๆฒปใใ้ ใใใ็ท ใใใใๆฅใใใใจใใใใฏไฟฎ็พ ๅ ดใ ใฃใใใใใใพใใใ
Q17ใใขใทในใฟใณใใฏไฝไบบ๏ผ ่น่ถใใขใทในใฟใณใใฎๆนใฏไฝไบบใใใฃใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใกใใใฉ6ไบบใใพใใ
Q18ใใขใคใใขใซ่กใ่ฉฐใพใฃใๆใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใขใคใใขใซ่กใ่ฉฐใพใฃใๆใฏใฉใใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใญใ่กใ่ฉฐใพใใชใใใฃใฆๆใใใงใใใ ่น่ถใใใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใๅฎๅฎใ็ก้ใฎใใใซๅบใใฃใฆใใใใใซใไบบ้ใฎๅฟใๅบใใใใ ใชใจใ ่น่ถใใชใใปใฉใ ่ๆจใ่จๅผตใใใจๆใใ
Q19ใ็ทจ้่ ใฎๅญๅจใจใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ่ๆจๅ ็ใซใจใฃใฆใ็ทจ้่ ใฏใฉใใใๅญๅจใงใใใฃใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฃใฑใๅฉใใ่งใใใใฃใฆๆใใงใใใญใ
Q20ใใใณใฌๅฎถใฎ่ทๆฅญ็ ใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆใ่ทๆฅญ็ ใฏใชใใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใธใๆฒใใใฃใฆ่จใใใ(็ฌ)ใใ ใใๅณใฃใฆ่จใฃใใๅทฆใฃใฆใใใใใช็ใใคใใฆใใใฎใใใใใชใใงใใญใ (ไปฅ้ใใใใใใฎ่ณชๅใซใคใใฆ่ฉณใใๅ็ญ) ่น่ถใๅ ็ใฎไธ้ฑ้ใจใใใฎใใขใใฆใใซๆใใฆใใใ ใใใจใฉใใใ้ขจใชไธ้ฑ้ใซใชใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใพใใๆจๆๆฅใซใใผใ ใฃใฆใใใใขใคใใขใ็ดใซใใ่จณใงใใญใ้ๆๆฅใๅๆๆฅใๆฅๆๆฅใงใใณๅ ฅใใใฆใๆๆใซ็ท ใใใใจไปไธใใฃใฆใใใใใใใฆ็ซใๆฐดใงไผใฟใฃใฆใใโฆโฆโฆใ ่น่ถใใใฎโฆโฆโฆๅฎ้ใซใฏๆใใใไฝๆฅญใฏๅๆฅ้ใงใ ่ๆจใๅๆฅ้ใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใใใงไธ้ฑ้ๅใจใใไบใซใชใใพใใใ ่ๆจใ(ใใผใ ๅ็จฟใ่ฆใใชใใ)ไพใใฐใใใชๆใใซโฆโฆโฆใ ่น่ถใใใใใณใๅฒใใใใงใใใใใใใฆใใ่จณใงใใญใ ่ๆจใ็ตตใๆใใใๅ ็ใใใพใใใๅใฏใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใ ใๆใใฆใๅฐ่ฉใใใใใฃใฆใ (ในใใผใณใชใผใทใฃใณๆ็ต่ฉฑใใๅใฎๅๅใฏใจใณใใชใชใงใใใฎใใผใธใฎใใผใ ๅ็จฟใๆ ใ) ่น่ถใใฏใใฏใใ ่ๆจใๆถใๆตใใฆใใใใจ่ๆฌใฟใใใชโฆโฆโฆใ (ใจใณใใชใชใฎใขใฟใชไฝ็ฝฎใซใๆถใๆตใใใจๅญใงๆธใใฆใใ) ่น่ถใใฉใในใฑใใใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใๆใใงใๅ จ้จใใใผใธใๆฑบใพใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใ ่น่ถใใใฎใๅ ใปใฉใใณใฌๅฎถใซใชใใใใใฃใใใฏใๅ้ใซ่ชใใใใใใใฟใใใชไบใใใฃใใใฃใฆใใพใใใใฉใใใใฎๅ้ใซ่ชใใใใไปฅๅใฎใใจใใไผบใใงใใใฐใชใจใ ่ๆจใไปใ ใใ่งฃใใใงใใใฉใๅ ๅผใฃใฆ่จใใฎใ้ขไฟใใใฎใใชใจๆใใใงใใใญใ ่น่ถใๅ ็ใฎๅฎถๆๆงๆใใ่ใใใฆใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใ็ถใจๆฏใใใฆใๅฆนใฏไบไบบใชใใงใใใฉใใใใๅๅญใชใใงใใใญใใใใใญใใกใใฃใจๆช้ญใฎใทในใฟใผใฃใฆๆใใชใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใๅใซใใใฐใญใไพใใฐใฉใใใไบใใฃใฆใใใจใๅญฆๆ กใใๅธฐใฃใฆใใฆใใใคใ๏ผๅใใฃใใใใพใใใญใใใใใใจๅฆนใๅฝ็ถๅ ใซๅธฐใฃใฆใใใใใ ใใใ้ฃในใกใใใใใงใใใใใใใใจไธๅใใพใใใฉใใใ๏ผใฃใฆๆใใซใชใใจๆใใใงใใใญใไบไบบใงใ้ฃในใกใใใฐๅคๅ่งฃใใชใใ ใใใฃใฆไบใงใๅใๅธฐใฃใฆใใใจใใใชใใฃใฆ็ถๆ ใงใใใใชใใฎใใๆใใชใใงใใใฉใๅพใงใใฌใใจใใซใใใฎ้ฐ่ฌใใญใใใๅทใคใใใ(็ฌ)ใใชใใใญใใใฎใใใใใงใใใใใไธๅใไบๅใชใใใใใงใใใฉใๆฏๆฅใชใใงใใๅญไพใฎ้ (็ฌ)ใ ่น่ถใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใฟใใใฆใใใฎใจใใซ่ชญใใ ใใณใฌใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใณใใๆใใใใใงใใใญใไพใใฐใใฌใใฎใใฃใณใใซๆจฉใๅฆนใซใใใใงใใใไบไบบใ ใใใใ ใใใใฃใฑใ้จๅฑใง่ชญใใใณใฌใฃใฆใใใฎใใ็ด ๆดใใใใใใชใใงใใใญใ ่น่ถใใใฎๆใซๅ ็ใๆใฃใฆใใใใใณใฌ้ใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใฉใใใใใณใฌใชใใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๆขถๅไธ้จใฃใฆใใใในใใผใๆ นๆงใขใโฆโฆโฆใๅทจไบบใฎๆใใจใใใใใใฎใธใงใผใใจใใญใ้ใใใณใฌๅฎถใใใงใฏ็ฝๅไธๅนณใฎใใซใ ใคๅคไผใใจใใญใใใใใใฎใจใใใใใซไบไธใใฟใใใชใใคใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใใใใซไบไธใใงใใญโฆโฆโฆ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใๅคงๅฅฝใใงใใญใ ๆธๅบซๆ่ฆ
่น่ถใใใกใใใๅ ็ใฎๆธๅบซใ ่ๆจใๆธๅบซใฃใฆใใใใญใๆฌ็ฝฎใๅ ดใ ่น่ถใใใกใใซใใณใฌใฎๆฌใๆฒขๅฑฑใใใพใใใฉใใใใฏใใๅ ็ใฎใ่ถฃๅณ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใงใใ (็ป้ขใซใใฟใคใฌใผใในใฏใใๆฐๅทจไบบใฎๆใใใซใ ใคๅคไผใใใคใใใฎ็ซใใไปฎ้ขๅคช้ใใๆ ใ) ่น่ถใใใใๅ ็ใๆๅฅฝใใฆใใไฝๅใจๆใฃใฆใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใๆจใฆใใใชใใใณใฌใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใชใใปใฉใ(่น่ถใไฝใใๅใๅบใใฆ)ใใฃใโฆโฆโฆไธๅบฆๅ ็ใซไผบใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใใฎใใใฎๆนใงใใ (็ป้ขใซใใฏใคใซใ7ใ(ๆๆไธ่ตทไน)ใจใใฎ่งฃ่ชฌใๆ ใ) ่ๆจใใใใใใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใฉใใใฆใๅ ็ใฎใคใฉในใใใญโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใไผผใฆใพใ๏ผใ ่น่ถใไผผใฆใใใจใใใใใใไฝใใใใๆๆไธ่ตทไนใใใๅฟ ใ่ฆใฆใใใ ใใใฃใฆใใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใใใใพใใ้ใฎๆกใๆนใใญใๆๆไธ่ตทไนใฎใฏใใใ้ใใใใใใงใใใๆ้ฆใใใใใฐใใจๅ ฅใใ(ๅฎๆผใใคใค)ใใๅบใใใใใใชใใใงใใใใใใใใใงใใใ ่น่ถใใใใงใใใญใใ ่ๆจใ(็ฌ)ใใใใใๆใใงใญใ้ใใใ ใ ่น่ถใ้ใๆฌๅฝใซๅฅฝใใชๆนใชใใงใฏใฎใชใขใชใใฃใใใใพใใใญใ (ใขใคใใขใใผใใฏใใ๏ผ)
่น่ถใใใใๆๅใใใฎใฏใงใใญใๅคงๅญฆใใผใใ ใฃใฆใใๆใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่น่ถใใใใ ่ๆจใใ ใฃใฆใใใฏไธญๆง็ดใงใญใ่ฒใๅคใใใชใ็ดใชใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่น่ถใใใฎใใกใใฃใจ(่ฆใใฆๆฌฒใใ)ใ ่ๆจใใฉใฎใธใใใชโฆโฆโฆไฝฟใฃใกใใฃใๆใชใใใใใใใฎ่พบใ ใฃใใใใใฎใใชใ ่น่ถใ(ใใฃใจ่ฆใ)ใ ่ๆจใใใฃใกใใใฌใใ่ฆณใๆๆณใงใใใฃใกใไธปใซโฆโฆโฆใ ่น่ถใโฆโฆโฆใชใใปใฉใๅ ็ใใใฏๅฎๅ จใซใขใคใใขใใใฏใจใใใใใใใใฟๅธใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใชใใ ่น่ถใๅ ็ใๆฅๅธธ็ๆดปใใใใฆใใไธญใงใๆฐใฅใใใใจใใใใใฏใใใๅผ็จใใใใจใๆใใใฆใใใใจใๆธใ็ถดใฃใฆใใใฃใใใใจใ ่ๆจใใฏใใ ่น่ถใ่จใฃใฆใฟใใฐๅ ็ใฎๅฟใฎๆฅ่จใฟใใใชใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใชใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใไฝๅฎถใจใใฆใฎใๅฟใฎๆฅ่จใใใใใพใใใญใ
(ใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆ็ขบไฟกใๅพใใฎใฏ๏ผ)
่ๆจใใใฃใฑใ่ชญ่ ใซใใฃใฝใๅใใใใใใฎๆ็นใง็ตใใใใชใใใฟใใใชใฎใฏโฆโฆโฆใ ่น่ถใไปใงใใใใฎๅฑๆฉๆใจใใใฎใใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใพใใใใฎ่ฆๆใฏใใคใงใใใฆใใใฃใฆใใใใ่ฆๆใฃใฆใใใฎใใชใใใใใๆใฏใใใพใใญใ (ใธใณใฏในใฏ๏ผ)
่น่ถใๅฃใ่ใซใใใจใขใคใใขใใใใฆใใใใใใใธใณใฏในใ ใจใใฃใใใฃใฆใใพใใใญ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใชใใใใฎใธใใ(็ฎใฎๅใๆใง็คบใใฆ)ๅบใๆใใใใใใงใใใญใใ ใใๆบใชใใใๅฟ ใใใใใๆใใงใๆฌ็ฎฑใจใใๅพใใซใใใใจใใ ่น่ถใไฝใใ่่ฒ ใใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใงใใญใใขใทในใฟใณใใๅใใใใใจใใใใใงใใฉใใใณใ้ง็ฎใงใใญใ (ใใใงๆฌๆฃใฎไธญใไธ็ฌๆ ใใใธใงใธใงใฎๅ่กๆฌใฎใปใใ่พๅ ธใชใฉ๏ผ) ่น่ถใใใใฏใกใใฃใจ้ข็ฝใๅฟ็ใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใขใทในใฟใณใใๅใซใใโฆโฆโฆๅญฆๆ กใฎๅ ็ใฎใใใซใใใใใๆใใใใใงใใญใใใใพใใญ็ตถๅฏพใ (ๆๅคงใฎไฟฎ็พ ๅ ดใฏ๏ผ)
่น่ถใไฟฎ็พ ๅ ดใใใใฏใใไฝ่ชฟใๅดฉใใใจใใฃใฆใใฃใใใฃใฆใใพใใใใฉใใใใฏใใกใณใฎๆนใฎ่ๅณใฏไธไฝใธใงใธใงใฎไฝๅทป็ฎใชใใ ใใใใฃใฆใใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใใใโฆโฆโฆ็ฌฌๅ้จใฎใญใๆ็ตๆฑบๆฆใฎใใใใจใใๅ่ฏใฃใฆใใๆตใใใใใงใใใฉใใใฎใธใใจใใญใใใใใใใใฆ่ฒ ใใใใใจใใญ(็ฌ)ใ (ใใฌใผใทใงใณ) (็ฌฌๅ้จใฎใซใฉใผใปใๆ ใใไปๅฉใใใใไปฅไธ่จใใชโฆโฆโฆใฆใใผใใฎใทใผใณไป) ใ่ๆจๅ ็ๆๅคงใฎไฟฎ็พ ๅ ดใ ใฃใใจใใใใฎใทใผใณใ็ฌฌๅ้จใใใคใคใขใณใใฏ็ ใใชใใใฎใฏใฉใคใใใฏใน๏ผใๆฎบไบบ้ฌผใปๅ่ฏๅๅฝฑใฎในใฟใณใใใญใฉใผใฏใคใผใณใฎ็ๅผพใซใๅไปฃ็ฎใธใงใธใงใปไปๅฉใ็ชฎๅฐใซ่ฟฝใ่พผใพใใ๏ผ
่ๆจใไธปไบบๅ ฌใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใณใณใใญใผใซใใฆใใใจๆใใใใชใใงใใใ็ใใใฏใไฝๅฎถใใณใณใใญใผใซใใฆๆธใใฆใใใจใ ่น่ถใใใกใใใใใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใชใใใงใใใไธปไบบๅ ฌใฎๆนใไธใซใใกใใฃใฆใไบใใใใใงใใใๆใใใใใใจใใใใ ่น่ถใไธปไบบๅ ฌใซๆใใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๆใใใใใใจใใใใฃใฆโฆโฆโฆใ ่น่ถใๅๆใซไธปไบบๅ ฌใใใฎไธใงไบบ็ใๆผใใใใฃใฆไบใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใใใฏใฟใใชใใใใใใ ใใใใฟใใใชใ ่ๆจใๅๆฉใจใใๆใใฆใใใจใไฝใฃใๆใจใใญใใใพใใซใๅผทใใใใจใใฉใใใใใใชใใชใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใใจใๆงๆ ผใจใใๆชใใใใจใใฉใใใใใ ใใใจๆใฃใฆใใฉใใใใใใใใใใใชใใชใฃใกใใฃใฆ(็ฌ)ใ ่น่ถใๅ ็ใไปใพใงๆใซไฝใฃใกใใฃใๆชๅ ใฃใฆใใใฎใฏ่ชฐใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฃใฑใๅ่ฏๅๅฝฑใฃใฆใใใชใขใชใใฃใใใใคใใใใใงใใใฉ(ใใใงใJOJO A GO-GO๏ผใใฎๅ่ฏใ็ป้ขใซๆ ใ)ใใใใคไฝใงใใใใชใใงใใใใใฎๆใฏใกใใฃใจโฆโฆโฆใงใใใใๅใฏๅฅฝใใชใใงใใใใใใคใใ ่น่ถใๅ่ฏๅฅฝใใชใใงใใใ ่ๆจใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใใใชใใใกใใฃใจใใๅใ่งฃใใชใใฃใฆใใๆใใใใใงใใใญใ ่น่ถใ่ฒ ใใใใซใชใฃใๆฟๅคช้ใจไปๅฉใๅใฆใใฎใฏใๅ ็ใฎไฝ่ชฟใฎๅพฉๆดปใจ้ขไฟใใใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใใชใใฆๆญปใซใใฎ็ใใงใฉใใใใใ่ใใใใใ ใจๆใใพใใใฉใใใ(่ชๅใ)ไธปไบบๅ ฌใฎๆงใชๆใใงใใใญใ (ใใฌใผใทใงใณ) ใใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใใ1987ๅนดใใ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใซ้ฃ่ผใ19ไธ็ดๆซใฎใคใฎใชในใ่ๅฐใจใชใในใฟใผใใ ใ็ฌฌไธ้จใฎไธปๅฝนใฏใธใงใใตใณใปใธใงใผในใฟใผใ็ถใ็ฌฌไบ้จใฏใธใงใปใใปใธใงใผในใฟใผใ็ฌฌไธ้จใฏๆฅๆฌไบบใ็ฉบๆกๆฟๅคช้ใ็ฌฌๅ้จใฏๆฑๆนไปๅฉใ็ฌฌไบ้จใฏใคใฟใชใขใ่ๅฐใงใธใงใซใใปใธใงใใผใใ็พๅจใ่ฟๆชๆฅ2011ๅนดใ่ๅฐใฎ็ฌฌๅ ญ้จใพใงใใใใใฎ้ฃ่ผๆ้ใฏๅฎใซ16ๅนดใซใๅใถใ ใใใใใใฎๆไปฃใซใใฃใฆไธปไบบๅ ฌใๅคใใใ่ฑๅฝ่ฒดๆใธใงใผในใฟใผๅฎถใฎ่ก็ตฑใซใใใธใงใธใงใๆดป่บใไธไธ็ดไปฅไธใซใใใใใธใงใผในใฟใผๅฎถใจใใฃใชใฎๅ ็ธใๆใใๅไฝๅคงๆฒณใญใใณใ
ใใฉใคใใผใใQ21๏ฝQ60
Q21ใๅฅฝใใชๆ ็ปใในใ3 ่น่ถใๅฅฝใใชๆ ็ปใในใ3ใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ ่ๆจใๆด็ปใงใใใฉใๅคง่ฑ่ตฐใใจใใใๅคง่ฑ่ตฐใใซใใณใคใคใงใใญไธ็ชใ ่น่ถใ(ๅ ฑๆใใฆ)ใใ๏ผโฆโฆโฆในใใฃใผใดใปใใใฏใคใผใณใ ่ๆจใใใจใใธใงใผใบใใจใใดใใใใกใผใถใผใใงใใญใไฝๅบฆใงใ่ฆณใพใใญใ ่น่ถใไปใๆกๆใใใใชใจใ็งใฏๆใฃใฆใใใพใ(็ฌ)ใ
Q22ใๅฅฝใใชๅฐ่ชฌใในใ3 ่น่ถใๅฅฝใใชๅฐ่ชฌใในใ3ใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ ่ๆจใไธๆฌใใชใใใงใใใฉใๅญไพใฎๆใฏใใทใฃใผใญใใฏ๏ฝฅใใผใ ใบใฎๅ้บใใฟใใใชใฎใทใชใผใบใใใใงใไธปไบบๅ ฌใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใฉใใใไบบใชใฎใใชใฃใฆ่งฃใฃใใใใชใใใชๆฐใใใใใงใใใฉใ
Q23ใๅฟ ใ่ชญใ้่ชใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฟ ใ่ชญใใงใใ้่ชใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใไฝๅๅนดใ่ชญใฟ็ถใใงใใ้่ชใฏโฆโฆโฆใใญใผใใทใงใผใใฃใฆๆ ็ป้่ชใใใใใงใใใฉใใใใฏใใฃใจ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใชใใ ่น่ถใๅฅใใใ้่ฑ็คพใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ
Q24ใๅฅฝใใช้ฃใน็ฉใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฅฝใใช้ฃใน็ฉใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใในใใฒใใใฃใผใงใใไฝๅณใงใใใใงใใใใใชใฟใณใงใใใใใไฝใงใใใใงใใญใ
Q25ใๅซใใช้ฃใน็ฉใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅซใใช้ฃใน็ฉใฏไฝใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅซใใช้ฃใน็ฉใฏโฆโฆโฆใใใใฎ็ฎใงใใญใใใใใใใจใใ็ตถๅฏพ้ฃในใใชใใงใใ ่น่ถใใงใในใใฒใใใฃใผใฃใฆใใใใใฐใฃใใใใใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใ็ ฎใใจใใใใงใใใฉใ็ใฏ้ง็ฎใชใใงใใ ่น่ถใใใใ็ใฎใใใใฎ็ฎใๅพใฏไฝใงใๅคงไธๅคซใใจใ
Q26ใไผๆฅใฎ้ใใๆนใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใไผใฟใฎๆฅใฏไฝใใใฆใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๆฌ่ชญใใ ใใๆ ็ป่ฆณใใใจใใใใจใ้ๅใงใใญใ
Q27ใๅ ทไฝ็ใซใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅ ทไฝ็ใซใฏ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ็ญ่ใใฌใผใใณใฐใจใใ่ตฐใฃใใใจใใ
Q28ใ่ถฃๅณใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ่ถฃๅณใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใชใใงใใ ่น่ถใไปไบใใจใ ่ๆจใไปไบใงใใ Q29ใๆ่ฟใใใฃใฆใใใใจใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใๆ่ฟใใใฃใฆใใใใจใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๆ่ฟใใใฃใฆใใใฎใฏโฆโฆโฆ่ชๅใฎ็ตตใใงใฃใใๆใใฎใใใใฃใฆใใพใใ Q30ใๅฅฝใใช้ณๆฅฝใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฅฝใใช้ณๆฅฝใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅ จ้จๅฅฝใใงใใใฉโฆโฆโฆใใใฉใใใงใไฝใงใใใใใงใใใธใฃใบใงใใ Q31ใไธ็ชๅฅฝใใชใขใผใใฃในใใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ็ปๅ ดไบบ็ฉใซใขใผใใฃในใใฎๅๅใๅคใๅบใฆใใพใใใไธ็ชๅฅฝใใชใขใผใใฃในใใฏ่ชฐใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใชใณในใๅฅฝใใใใชใณในใ Q32ใใใใใใฎใขใซใใ ่น่ถใใๅงใใฎใขใซใใ ใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ ่ๆจใๆ่ฟใฏใญใใชใผ(NELLY)ใฃใฆใใใฎใฎโฆโฆโฆใกใใฃใจใฉใฃใใซใใฃใใช(CDใฉใใฏใใไธๆใฎCDใใใฃใจๅใๅบใ)ใใใใใใใใใใใใใงใใใใฉใใใผใฎใใชใผใ (็ป้ขใซใธใฃใฑใใCOUNTRY GRAMMARใ(NELLY)) ่น่ถใใใโฆโฆโฆใใใใใใใใจใใใใใพใใ Q33ใๅฅฝใใชใใฌใ็ช็ตใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฅฝใใชใใฌใ็ช็ตใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๆ่ฟใฎใงใใใใใใพ่ฆณใฆใใชใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใใใงใใใญใใ่ฆงใซใชใๆ้ใฏใชใใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใๆ ็ปใฏ่ฆณใใใงใใใฉใ ่น่ถใๆฏ้ใใตในใใณในใใ่ฆงใซใชใฃใฆใใ ใใ(็ฌ)ใ (ๆณจ:่น่ถใฏไบๆ้ใตในใใณในใใฉใใฎๅธ็) ่ๆจใ่ฆณใฆใฟใพใ(็ฌ)ใ่งฃใใพใใใ Q34ใ่ๆจๆตๅฅๅบทๆณใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ่ๆจๆตๅฅๅบทๆณใใฒใจใคใๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅท็ญๅใฎในใใฌใใใงใใญใ Q35ใใใกใใทใงใณใฎใใ ใใ ่น่ถใใใกใใทใงใณใซใใ ใใใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ่ชๅใงใฏใใใพใชใใงใใใฉใใใฃใฑใใ่ฆใพใใ Q36ใไธ็ช่ฝใก็ใๅ ดๆใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใไธ็ช่ฝใก็ใๅ ดๆใฏใฉใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ่ฝใก็ใๅ ดๆโฆโฆโฆใใฃใฑใใฎ้จๅฑใใใใใช๏ผใ Q37ใใฏใปใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใฏใปใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใฎใใ็ทๅผตใใใจใ(่ชๅใงใฏ)ใใใใชใใใฉใ ่น่ถใใใใงใใญใไปๆฅใไฝๅบฆใๆ่ฆใใพใใใ Q38ใใ้ ใฏๅผทใ๏ผ ่น่ถใใ้ ใฏๅผทใๆนใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใปใจใใฉ้ฃฒใฟใพใใใ Q39ใใใใฃใฆๅฌใใใใฎใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใใใฃใฆๅฌใใใใฎใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ็พๅณใใใ่ๅญใใใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใ่ๅญใใๅฅฝใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใ ่น่ถใ็ใใใฎใใใใฃใฑใใใฎโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใ"ใใใใ"ใฎใใใใใงใใใฉ(็ฌ)ใ ่น่ถใไปๆฅใๆใกใใใใฎใฏๅคงไธๅคซใใชใใจๆใฃใฆ(็ฌ)ใ Q40ใใฉใใช่ปใซไนใฃใฆใ๏ผ ่น่ถใ็พๅจใใฉใใช่ปใซไนใฃใฆใใใฃใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใๅ้่ปขใงใใชใใใงใใ ่น่ถใใใใงใใใใใใฏใใใฆ้่ปขใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใใใใไฝใ็ฅใใชใใใฉใๅ ่จฑๅใใซ่กใใชใไบบ็ใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใพใใใญใ Q41ใๅนผๅฐๆใฏใฉใใชๅญไพ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅนผๅฐๆใฏใฉใใชใๅญใใใงใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅฆนใซใใใใใใฆใใใๅ ใกใใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใใใถใใ Q42ใๅๆใฏใใค๏ผ ่น่ถใๅๆใฏใใคใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใฃใ้ซๆ กไธๅนดใฎๆใใชใ Q43ใๅญไพใฎ้ ่ฆใฆใใใขใใกใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฐใใ้ ใ่ฆใฆใใใขใใกใฏไฝใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใไฝใงใ่ฆใฆใใใจๆใใพใใใๅทจไบบใฎๆใใจใใใงใใใใพใใใใใชใใฃใใงใใญใใใณใฌใฎๆนใๅฅฝใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใขใใกใผใทใงใณใใใใใใณใฌใใจใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใ Q44ใๅใใฆ่ฒทใฃใใใณใฌใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅใใฆ่ฒทใฃใใใณใฌใฏ่ฆใใฆใใใฃใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใจใใใใใฎใ็ก็จใไปใใไพใฎใ ่น่ถใใใใๅใใฆ่ฒทใฃใใใณใฌ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใ็ตตใไธๆใใใ ใใชใโฆโฆโฆใใใใใใ็ตตใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ Q45ใๅฅฝใใ ใฃใใขใคใใซใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฅฝใใ ใฃใใขใคใใซใฏใใใฃใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๆต ็ฐ็พไปฃๅญใๅฅฝใใๆญณใใญใโฆโฆโฆใใ ใชใใใใ่ฉฑใ Q46ใๆฌ ใใใ่ฆใฆใใใใฌใใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๆฌ ใใใ่ฆใฆใใใใฌใใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅใใฎใใฌใใๅฅฝใใงใใใๅไบใณใญใณใใจใใใใใฏใใใ็ตถๅฏพ่ฆณใฆใใใญๅๆใฎๅคใ ่น่ถใๅใ็ตถๅฏพ่ฆณใฆใใพใใใ Q47ใๅพๆ็ง็ฎใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅญฆ็ๆไปฃใๅพๆใ ใฃใ็ง็ฎใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅฅใซใใใพใๅพๆใชใใฎใฏใชใใใฉใๅฅฝใใ ใฃใใฎใฏ็คพไผใจใ็็งใๅฅฝใใงใใใญใ Q48ใ่ฆๆ็ง็ฎใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅญฆ็ๆไปฃใ้ใซ่ฆๆใ ใฃใ็ง็ฎใฏไฝใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ่ฑ่ชใใชใ ่น่ถใ่ฑ่ชใชใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใชใใงใใใญใใใๅ่ชใจใ่ฆใใใฎใใ Q49ใใฏใฉใๆดปๅใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅญฆ็ๆไปฃใใฉใใชใฏใฉใๆดปๅใใใฆใใพใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅฃ้ใใใฆใใพใใใ Q50ใๅฅฝใใช็ฐๆงใฎใฟใคใใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฅฝใใช็ฐๆงใฎใฟใคใใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ ่ๆจใ็ฐๆงใฎใฟใคใ๏ผใใใฎใญใใใใจใใใใใใชใๆนใใใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใพใใใๅ ็ใฎไฝๅใซๅบใฆใใๅฅณๆง้ใใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใใฎใใไฝใใ้ปใฃใฆใใใจไฝ่ใใฆใใใ่งฃใใชใใใใชๅฅณๆงใฏๅซใงใใญใ ่น่ถใๆดป็บใชไบบใใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใ Q51ใๅฅฅใใใฏใใพใใ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฅฅใใใฏใใใฃใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใพใใ Q53ใๅฅฝใใช่ฒใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฅฝใใช่ฒใฏไฝ่ฒใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใไฝใงใใใใใฉใใชใฌใณใธใจใใใชใฌใณใธใฃใฝใ้ป่ฒใ Q54ใๆ่ฟใๆใใ็ฌใฃใใใจใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๆ่ฟใๆใใ็ฌใฃใฆใใพใฃใใใจใฏใชใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใ่งฃใใชใใงใใใฉใ็ผ็งใซ่กใฃใฆๆค็ผใจใใใใใใชใใงใใใใณใณใฟใฏใใฌใณใบ่ฒทใใซ่กใฃใๆใซใใใฎใๅป่ ใใใ้้ปๆฐใๆใฃใฆใพใใฆใๅใฎใพใถใใซ่งฆใฃใใจใใซใใใใชใใ้ปๆใใฏใใฃใๆใใชใใใใใใฉใฆใใซใชใใใใ่กใใชใ(็ฌ)ใ ่น่ถใใใใใซไบไธใใฎ่กๆๆณขใฟใใใชใใฎใงใใใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใ่กๆๆณขใ็ฎใซใฏใใฃใใฎใซใฏโฆโฆโฆใใๆใใฆ่กใใชใใงใใใ Q54ใๆ่ฟใ่ นใ็ซใฃใใใจใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๆ่ฟใใ่ นใ็ซใฃใใใจใฏ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ่ นใ็ซใฃใใใจใโฆโฆโฆใใใพใใชใใงใใญใใชใใงใใ ่น่ถใๅ ็ใใใพใ่ นใฏใ็ซใฆใซใชใใชใใใใชๆใใซใ่ฆๅใใใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใใงใใใใใใ้ง็ฎใ ใชใใจๆใใจใใฏใใใพใใใฉใญใใใฌใใจใใใใฅใผในใจใ่ฆใฆใฆใ Q55ใๆ่ฟใๆถใๆตใใใฎใฏใใค๏ผ ่น่ถใๆ่ฟใๆถใๆตใใใฎใฏใใคใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๆ็ตๅๆใใฆใฆใกใใฃใจใๆณฃใใกใใฃใใชใ ่น่ถใไปๆฅใงใใญๅ ็(็ฌ)ใ ่ๆจใใใใใใผใ ๆธใใฆใใๆใ ใใใๆจๆๆฅใใช(็ฌ)ใ ่น่ถใใใฃใฑใใใใงใใใญใโฆโฆโฆใใใฏโฆโฆโฆใใใชใใ ใใใชใใ Q56ใๆ ่กใงไธ็ช่ฏใใฃใๆใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๆ ่กใงไธ็ช่ฏใใฃใๆใฏใฉใใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅใฏใคใฟใชใขใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใใใคใฟใชใขใฎใใดใงใใใฃใขใใใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใดใงใใใฃใขใๆฐดใฎ้ฝใ ่ๆจใใใฎใ่ปใใชใใจใใใใใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใใใงใใญใๅ จใๆญฉใใฎใซในใใฌในใๆใใพใใใใใญใใกใใฃใจไบบใๅคใใใชใจใใใฎใฏใใใพใใใฉใ Q57ใใใ่กใใใใชใๆใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ้ใซๆๆชใ ใชใใจๆใใๆใฏใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ่จใฃใฆใใใฎใ่งฃใใชใใงใใใฉใใจใธใใใ้ง็ฎใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใงใใจใธใใใจใใฃใใ็ฌฌไธ้จใฎใพใใซโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใใใใใใๅซใใงใใ ใใ่ๅฐใซใใฆใใใใงใใ Q58ใๅฎฎๅ็ใงไธ็ช็พๅณใใใใฎใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๅฎฎๅ็ใฎใๅบ่บซใงใใใๅฎฎๅ็ใงไธ็ช็พๅณใใใใฎใฏใชใใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใฎใใช๏ผ(็ฌ)ใๆฑไบฌใฎๆนใ็พๅณใใใงใใใ ่น่ถใ่บซใ่ใใชใ็ตใใฃใฆใใพใใพใใ(็ฌ)ใ Q59ใ่กใใคใใฎใๅบใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ้ฝๅ ใง่กใใคใใฎใๅบใฏใฉใใใใใพใใงใใใใใ ่ๆจใใใใพใใๅใฏใคใฟใชใขๆ็ใๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใๅฅฝใใงใใๅคงๅฅฝใใงใใญใใ้ ้ฃฒใพใชใใใงใใใใใๆใๅคงๅฅฝใใงใใ Q60ใๆฑไบฌใงๅฅฝใใช็บใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใๆฑไบฌใงๅฅฝใใช็บใฏใฉใใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๆฑไบฌใงๅฅฝใใช็บใฏโฆโฆโฆ่กจๅ้ใๅฅฝใใงใใญใ (ๅฅฝใใชๆ ็ปใในใ3)
่น่ถใ(ๅฅฝใใชๆ ็ป)ใๅคง่ฑ่ตฐใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใใๅคง่ฑ่ตฐใใญใใใใฏใใๅญไพใฎ้ ่ฆณใฆๆฌๅฝใซๆใซๆฑๆกใฃใใใชใใจใใใไปใงใใใใงใใใใใฏใคใผใณใไฝๅใๆปใฃใฆใใใจใใใใใใใงใใ ่น่ถใใใฃใฑใใใฎใธใใๆ นๆทฑใใใฃใฆใ็ฌฌๅ ญ้จใฏใธใงใคใซ(็ฃ็)ใใฎใซใชใฃใใฎใใชใจใใใใใซใผใใชใฎใใชใจใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใฏใใใพใใญใใใใฏใคใผใณใๆปใฃใฆใใใใณใซๅใฏๆณฃใใฆใใใใ(็ฌ)ใใใใ ใ๏ผใใใผใญใผใฃใฆใฎใฏใใใ ใ๏ผใฃใฆๆใใ ่น่ถใใใใฆใใธใงใผใบใใ ่ๆจใใใธใงใผใบใใงใใญใใใใฏใใๆตทใซ่กใใชใใชใใใใๆใใชใฃใๆ ็ปใใงใไฝใงๆใใใ ใใใใฃใฆใใๆๆใฎๅๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใๆๅ่ฆณใใๆๅพใพใงใๅพๅใฏไฝใใใใซใใฎใซใชใใใใใใใงใใใญใใฃใฑใใ ่น่ถใใงใใใดใใใใกใผใถใผใใ ่ๆจใใใดใใใใกใผใถใผใโฆโฆโฆใๅคงๆฒณใญใใณใงใใญใใใใใใฎใใใใงใใญใ่ฆชๅญไฝไปฃใซใๆธกใโฆโฆโฆไธ้จใไบ้จใไธ้จใจใใฃใฆใ ่น่ถใ่งฃใใใใใงใใใญใใใฎๆ ็ปใใธใงใธใงใฎไธ็่ฆณใไฝใฃใใฃใฆใใใ (ๆ่ฟใใใฃใฆใใใใจใฏ๏ผ)
่น่ถใๅคงใใช็ตตใซใใใฃใฆใใใจโฆโฆโฆใใใฏใกใใฃใจ้ข็ฝใใชใจใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใใใณใฌใฃใฆใใฎใตใคใบใงๆใใฆใใใใ(ใจใๅ็จฟ็จ็ดใๅใๅบใใฆ่ฆใใใB4ใตใคใบใ๏ผ)ใใใฃใจไฝๅใใซๆใใใใใงใใใ ่น่ถใใใใใๅคงใใๆใใใใใจใ ่ๆจใใใฎๅพใใซใใใใคใชใใงใใใฉใ (ใใฆ1mใใ60cmใฎใญใฃใณใในๆ ใใใธใงใซใ๏ผใๆใใฆใใ) ่น่ถใใใโฆโฆโฆใงใฏใใพใใคใฉในใใซใใฆใไฝใซใใฆใใๆใใซใชใฃใใใจใใใฃใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใชใใงใใญใใใใใใฏ2ใกใผใใซใใใใซใใใใๆใใใใงใใ ่น่ถใไพใใฐใใชใผใฎใคใฉในใใใใใใฏใดใผใธใฃในใขใคใชใณใชใฉใใฎใใใใฎๆไปฃใฎใคใฉในใใๆ่ฆใใใจใใใใใฆๅ ็ใฎไธ็่ฆณใฎๆทฑใใจใใใฎใ็ๆใใใใงใใใฉใ ่ๆจใใใฎ้ ใชใใใญใๅใใใกใใทใงใณใใถใคใใผใฟใใใชไบบใใใฃใฑใๅบใฆใใใใงใใใในใฟใผใฟใใใชใฎใใใดใงใซใตใผใใงใใจใใใขในใญใผใใจใใใใใ่ฏใใฃใใใงใใใๅฝฑ้ฟใๅใใฆใไธปไบบๅ ฌใซ็ใใใใชใใฃใฆๆใใ (ๅๆใฏใใค๏ผ)
่น่ถใๅๆใฏ้ซๆ ก็๏ผใ ่ๆจใ(็ฌ)ใใฏใใ ่น่ถใใใฎๅๆใฎๆนใฏใฉใใใๅฅณๆงใ ใฃใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ้ใๅญฆๆ กใฎๅฅณๅญฆ็ใงใใใ ่น่ถใๆใใๅญ๏ผใๆใๅญ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใกใใฃใจใญใใใใจใใใชๆใใ ใฃใใญใใ ใใใใกใ ใฃใฃใใฎใใ(็ฌ)ใใใใใใใณใฌใฎใคใกใผใธใๅฐ่ชฌใฎใคใกใผใธใ็ฅใใชใใใฉใใใใใๅฅณๆงใใใใฎใใชใจๆใฃใฆๆๅๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฉใไปใๅใใจ้ง็ฎใงใใญใ่พใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใๅ ็ใฏๅฒใจใชใผใใใฆใใฃใฆใใใใใใชๅฅณๆงใๅฅฝใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใฃใกใฎๆนใใใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใจใใไบใฏใๅฅฅๆงใซใฏใใชใใชใผใใใฆโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใชใใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ (ๆฌ ใใใ่ฆใฆใใใใฌใใฏ๏ผ)
่น่ถใๆฌ ใใใ่ฆใฆใใไฝๅใซใๅไบใณใญใณใใๆใใฆใใพใใใใ ่ๆจใใใใใ็ฏไบบใซๆๆ ็งปๅ ฅใใใจใใใใใพใใญใ ่น่ถใๅไบใณใญใณใใฎไฝใใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใๅใฏ็ตๆงใ็ฏไบบใซๅณๆนใใฆใใใจใใใใใพใใใใณใญใณใใใพใๆปใฃใฆใใใ๏ผใจใใญ(็ฌ)ใใใใใๅธฐใฃใฆใใใใ ใใใชใจๆใใจๅธฐใฃใฆใใใใ ใใใใใ ่น่ถใใใใงๆใฃใฆใใใใใใฃใฆใใ็ฌ้ใใใ่ฉฑใใใใคใใใใพใใใญใใใฎใพใพ้ใๅใใฐใใใฎใซ๏ผใฃใฆใใใ ่ๆจใใใใใงใใใใ้ข็ฝใใฆ(็ฌ)ใ (ใใฌใผใทใงใณ) ใใ้ญๅฐๅนดใใผใใฃใผใใ1983ๅนด้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใ่ๆจ้ฃๅๅฝฆใฎ่จๅฟตใในใๅ้ฃ่ผไฝๅใ ใๆช้ญ็้ ญ่ณใๆใคๅฐๅนดใใใผใใฃใผใๆๅใใชใใฏใ้งไฝฟใ็ฏ็ฝชใซ้ขใใฃใฆใใๆงใ่ฆชๅใปๅบทไธๅใ่ชใใใใงใซ่ๆจ็ฌ็นใฎๅฐ่ฉๅใใฏ็ขบ็ซใใใใใชใใจใญใปใณใใชใใฏใชๅ ๅฎนใจใชใฃใใ
ใ84ๅนดใ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใซ้ฃ่ผใใใๆฌๆ ผSFใขใฏใทใงใณ(ใใใชใผๆฅ่จช่ ใ)ใ ใ้บไผๅญๆไฝใซใใฃใฆ็ใพใใ็็ฉๅ ตๅจใใชใผใไฝๅ ใซๆใค้ๅนดใจใๆชใฎ็ต็นใใฌในใจใฎๆฆใใๆใใ็ฑ็็ใใกใณใ็ใใ ไฝๅใ
ใใณใฌไฝๅใซใคใใฆใQ61๏ฝQ80
Q61ใใชใใธใงใธใงใจใใๅๅใซ๏ผ ่น่ถใใชใใใธใงใธใงใจใใๅๅใชใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใๅฟใใใใฉโฆโฆโฆ(็ฌ)ใ้ ญๆๅญใๅใใซใชใฃใฆๆฌฒใใใฃใใใงใใใAAใจใBBใจใใใใจใใธใงใใตใณใจใใใจใใใงๆใกๅใใใใใฆใใใใใ ใจๆใใพใใ ่น่ถใใใใใใใกใใฌในใฎใธใงใใตใณใงโฆโฆโฆใ Q62ใใธใงใธใงใฎใใผใใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใธใงใธใงใฎใใผใใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฃใฑใใใใไบบ้ใฏ็ด ๆดใใใใชใใจใๆญฃ็พฉใจใใๆธ ใๅฟใ่ฒซใใฆใใไบบใงใใญใใใใใไบใใใใใใ Q63ใในใฟใณใใฎๆฆๅฟตใฏใฉใใใ็บๆณ๏ผ ่น่ถใในใฟใณใใจใใๆฆๅฟตใฏใฉใใใ็บๆณใใใใใงใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใฏๅ ็ฅ้ใฃใฆใใใฎใไฝใฆใใใฎใใชใ ่น่ถใๅฎ่ญท้๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅฎ่ญท้ใงใใๅฎ่ญท้ใๅบใฆใใฆใไธ็ทใซๆฆใฃใฆใใใใใใใชใใฃใฆใใใๆใใใใใฎ็พๅคช้ใ(ใคใฎใ ใใใ)ใฃใฆใใโฆโฆโฆใใฎ่พบใใซใผใใงใฏใชใใใชใใจๆใใพใใใฉใ Q64ใใฉใฎใธใงใธใงใๅฅฝใ๏ผ ่น่ถใไปใ็ฌฌๅ ญ้จใพใงใใใพใใใฉใๅ ็ใฏใบใใชใฉใฎใธใงใธใงใใๆฐใซๅ ฅใใงใใใฃใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใๅใฏ็ฌฌๅ้จใฎไปๅฉใฃใฆใใโฆโฆโฆใใฎใใใใชใฎใใใใใใใใงใใใญใ ่น่ถใๅพใปใฉใใฃใใใจโฆโฆโฆใ Q65ใใๆฐใซๅ ฅใใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใไธ็ชใๆฐใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใฏใไฝใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฃใใ่จใใพใใใใฉใๅ่ฏๅๅฝฑใใใใงใใญใ Q66ใใใใใฟใซใคใใฆ ่น่ถใๆฒกใซใชใฃใใจใใฝใผใใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฃใฑใใใใพใใใฉโฆโฆโฆใใใใใ่ฆใใฆใใชใใงใใ Q67ใ่ๆจๆตๆฌ้ณใซใคใใฆ ่น่ถใ่ๆจๆตๆฌ้ณใฏใฉใใใๆใใคใใใใฎใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใฏใใใกใฟใงใใญใใฎใฅใฆใฅใฅใฅใผใผใผใผใณใจใใ ่น่ถใใใใฏๆฅฝๅจใฎ้ณใ ใฃใใฎใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใใใฉใผใ ใผใใผใจใใซๅบใฆใใใใญใฅใณใญใฅใณใญใฅใณใญใฅใณใจใใ ่น่ถใๅบใฆใใพใใญใใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใคใงใ Q68ใ็ฌ็นใฎใใผใบใซใคใใฆ ่น่ถใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใฎ็ฌ่ชใฎใใผใบใฏใ่ช่บซใงใใใใใใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใ่ชๅใงใฏใใชใใงใใใฉใ Q69ใไธ่ฉฑๆใใฎใซใใใๆ้ใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใไธ่ฉฑๆใใฎใซใฉใฎใใใๆ้ใใใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใไธ่ฉฑใฃใฆใ้ฃ่ผไธๅใงใใใญ๏ผใ็ตตใ ใใงไธๆฅใงใใญใ Q70ใ้ฃ่ผในใฟใผใๆใใฉใใพใงๆงๆณใใใฃใ๏ผ ่น่ถใ้ฃ่ผในใฟใผใๆใใฉใใพใงๆงๆณใใใฃใใฎใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใไธๅฟๅคงๆฒณใใฉใใฟใใใซใใฆใใใใฃใฆใไธไปฃใไบคไปฃใใฆใใใฃใฆโฆโฆโฆ็ฌฌไธ้จใฎ็ตๆซใพใงใใใพใใใๆงๆณใ ใใงใใใฉใญใ Q71ใใใฌใใขใใกๅใฎ่ฉฑใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใใฌใใขใใกๅใฎ่ฉฑใฏใชใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใถใใๅญไพใซ่ฆใใใใณใฌใใใใชใใใงใใชใใจๆใใพใใใฉใ Q72ใใญใฃใฉใๆใใฎใซไธ็ช้่ฆใช้จๅใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใๆใไธใงไธ็ช้่ฆใช้จๅใฏ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ็ตตใงใใโฆโฆโฆๅฃใงใใญใ ่น่ถใๅฃใงใใใ ่ๆจใ่ฒใฃใฝใใชใใจๅซใชใใงใใใ็ฎใใๅฃใฎใปใใใใฎใ่จใใจๆใใใงใใใญใใกใใฃใจใใขใใชใถใใใชใใงใใใฉใในใใคใซใง้ใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ็ฎใฏใใใช(ใขใใชใถใฎ็ไผผ๏ผใใใ)ใใใงใใใใงใใใฉใกใใฃใจโฆโฆโฆ(ๅพฎ็ฌใใง)ใขใใชใถใซใชใใใงใใใๅพฎๅฆใงใใญใ Q73ใใ้ใปใธใงใผในใฟใผใใฎๅ็ปๅ ดใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ็ฌฌๅ้จ็ปๅ ดใ้ใปใธใงใผในใฟใผใใธใงใธใงใงใใใๅ็ปๅ ดใฏๆใใใฆใใใฎใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใฏใใใขใใฏใงใใใฉโฆโฆโฆใชใใงใ(็ฌ)ใ Q74ใใใใฃใชใใฎๅ็ปๅ ดใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ็ถใใพใใฆ็ฌฌไธ้จ็ปๅ ดใใใฃใชใฎๅ็ปๅ ดใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใชใใงใใ ่น่ถใใชใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใพใใใ Q75ใใธใงใปใใฏใพใ ็ใใฆใ๏ผ ่น่ถใ็ฌฌๅ ญ้จใฏ2011ๅนดใฎ่จญๅฎใงใใใใธใงใปใใปใธใงใผในใฟใผใฏใพใ ็ใใฆใใฎใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใฏใใใใฎโฆโฆโฆใกใใฃใจใใฑใฆใใใจๆใใใงใใใ็ใใฆใใใจๆใใพใใ ่น่ถใใใฎใธใใฏ็งใฏใใจใฃใฆใ็ๅใใใใพใใฎใงๅ ็ใซๅพใงใใฎ็ๅใ่งฃๆถใใฆ้ ใใชใใจใจใๆใฃใฆใใพใใ ่ๆจใไฝๆญณ๏ผใฃใฆๆใ๏ผใ Q76ใ้ญๅฐๅนดใใผใใฃใผใฎๆฌๅใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ้ญๅฐๅนดใใผใใฃใผใฎๆฌๅใฏใชใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใไธๅฟใใชใใใงใใใฉใๅใๅฏบๆฒขๆญฆไธใใใฃใฆใใณใฌๅฎถใๅฅฝใใงใใฆใ ่น่ถใใใณใใฉใใฎใ ่ๆจใไธๅฟใใฎ่พบใใ ่น่ถใBuichi Terasawaใงใใใ ่ๆจใ้ซๆจใใผใฃใฆ่จใใใใใจใใใใใงใใใฉ(็ฌ)ใ Q77ใ็ฉบๆกๆฟๅคช้ใๆผใใใจใใใฐ่ชฐ๏ผ ่น่ถใ็ฉบๆกๆฟๅคช้ใใใไฟณๅชใๆผใใใจใใใฐๅฝน่ ใฏ่ชฐใซใชใใงใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใฃใจโฆโฆโฆ่งฃใใชใใงใใญใใงใใคใกใผใธใงๆใใใฎใฏใฏใชใณใใปใคใผในใใฆใใใใคใกใผใธใใใฎ่ตฐใฃใใใใชใใจใใใใ Q78ใใใใ่ชๅใในใฟใณใ่ฝๅ่ ใ ใฃใใ๏ผ ่น่ถใใใใ่ช่บซใในใฟใณใ่ฝๅ่ ใ ใจใใใใฉใฎในใฟใณใใไฝฟใใใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใไฝใ ใใใชใโฆโฆโฆๆ้ใๆญขใใฆใฟใใใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใใฃใฑใใญใใใใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใใกใใฃใจใญใ Q79ใ็ฌฌ6้จใงๅ่กๆฌใไธๅทปใซๆปใฃใ็็ฑ ่น่ถใใชใ็ฌฌ6้จใงๅ่กๆฌใไธๅทปใซๆปใฃใใใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใ็ทจ้้จใฎ่ฆๆใงใใ ่น่ถใๅ ็ใไฝใใใใใใ ใจใใไบใงใฏใชใใฆใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใไบใงใฏใชใใงใใไฝใ่งฃใใใใใๅใฃใใใใใใชใใงใใใใใ Q80ใ็ฌฌ7้จใฎๆงๆณใฏ๏ผ ่น่ถใ็ฌฌ7้จใฎๆงๆณใฏใใใใใใงใใใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใฏใใใใใพใใ ่น่ถใใใใฃใ๏ผใโฆโฆโฆ(ใซใกใฉ็ฎ็ทใง)ใใใฏใใๆฌๅฝใซ็ใใใๅฎๅฟไธใใใ็ฌฌ7้จใฏๅงใพใใพใใ (ใชใใธใงใธใงใจใใๅๅใซ๏ผ)
่น่ถใ่กๆ็ใงใใญใใใกใใชใผใฌในใใฉใณใ ใฃใใฃใฆใใใฎใใใธใงใใตใณใฎใซใผใใใ ่ๆจใๆทฑๅคใพใงใใฃใฆใใฆใ24ๆ้ใ ใใใๆใกๅใใใฏใใใใๆใงใใใใงใใใใใใง้ ญๆๅญใในใใฃใผใใณใปในใใซใใผใฐ(S.S)ใฟใใใซใใใใฃใใใงใใใ่ฆใใใใใใใใใใงใธใงใใตใณใซใชใฃใใ (ในใฟใณใใฎๆฆๅฟตใฏใฉใใใ็บๆณ๏ผ)
่น่ถใในใฟใณใใฃใฆใใใฎใฏโฆโฆโฆใใใฏใใใใใใใฎ็พๅคช้ใใจใใใใใช่จ่ใใๅใไธ็ฌใใใฃใใใงใใใใฉใใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใๅฃใใฆๆฌฒใใใฃใฆๆใซใ่ถ ่ฝๅใฃใฆใใฃใใใฆใผใณใฃใฆๅฟตใใฆใใซใฃใฆๅฒใใใใ ใใฉใใใ(่ๅพ)ใใๅบใฆใใฆใๅฎ่ญท้ใๅฒใใฃใฆใใใใฃใฆ่ฆใใใปใใใใใณใฌๅใใชใใงใใใญใ ่น่ถใในใฟใณใใจ่ชๅ่ช่บซใฎ่ไฝใไธไฝๅใใฆใใใจใใๆใงใใใญใใใฎ่พบใฎ็บๆณใ้ๅธธใซ่ๅณๆทฑใใใงใใใฉใ ่ๆจใใใใใญใใใถใๆจชๅฑฑๅ ่ผๅ ็ใฎใใณใฌใ ใจใใชใขใณใณใๆตใซๆธกใฃใใๆตใฎใใฎใซใชใฃใกใใใจใใญใ ่น่ถใๆตใซๆธกใใชๅคงไบใชใชใขใณใณใใฃใฆใญใ (ๆณจ:ใ้ไบบ28ๅทใใฎไธป้กๆญใฎๆญ่ฉ) ่ๆจใใใใใใใใๅผฑ็นใฃใฆใใใใชใใใใใใจใใใ้ข็ฝใใใงใใใญใใใญใใญใใใฃใฆใใใใใใใใใฎใใชใใจ้ข็ฝใใชใใฃใฆใใใๅ จ้จๅผทใใใฎใฐใฃใใใๆใใฆใใฆใตในใใณในใๆใ็ซใใชใใชใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใ ใใใใใใใฎใๅ ่ผฉใ่ฆ็ฟใฃใฆไฝใฃใฆใใใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใใใงใใใฉใ ใใใฎๆจชๅฑฑๅ ่ผๅ ็ใฎใใณใฌใ ใจใญใๅญฆ็ๆใ็ใฆ็ ๆผ ใซ่กใใใงใใใ ่น่ถใใใใใซ๏ผไธใใใพใใใใใใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใงใใใๆฆ้ๆใ็ใฆใใใใ้ง็ฎใชใใงใใใใชใใใใใๆถใๅบใฆใใใฎ(็ฌ)ใๅญฆ็ๆใ็ใฆใใๅฐๅนดใ็ ๆผ ใซใใใใฃใฆใใใฎใ็ตตใใใใใงใใใญใ ่น่ถใใงใ่ฃๅใใใใฎใฏใใขใใกใซใชใฃใใจใๅญฆ็ๆ็ใฆใใชใใฃใใใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใขใใกใฏๆฆ้ๆ็ใฆใใใใใใใฏใฒใฉใใฃใใ ่น่ถใใฒใฉใใงใใใญใไฝใงใใใช่ฃๅใๆนใใใใใ ใใใฃใฆใๅใใใใใซ๏ผไธใใฏใใฃใฑใๅญฆ็ๆใชใใงใใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใงใ๏ผใ (้ฃ่ผในใฟใผใๆใใฉใใพใงๆงๆณใใใฃใ๏ผ)
่น่ถใๅ ใปใฉใใธใงใธใงใฎ่ฉฑใซใๅบใพใใใใฉใใ ใใใ็ฌฌไธ้จใพใงใฏๆงๆณใในใฟใผใๆใซใใฃใใจใใโฆโฆโฆใใใฏใใ็ฌฌไธ้จใฏๆฅๆฌใซๆใฃใฆใใใใใจใใๆใพใงใใฃใ่จณใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใฏใใไธไปฃใ้ใใใใฉใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใใจใใณใฎๆฑใใจใใใใใใใใใฟใใใซใใใใจๆใฃใฆใ ่น่ถใๆฅๆฌใซๆใฃใฆใใใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใชใๅคง่ใช็บๆณใงใฏ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใ้ใ ใฃใใใงใใๅฝๆใฏใๆฅๆฌไบบใใใใชใไธปไบบๅ ฌใๅฐๅนดใใณใฌใซใฏใคใใฃใกใใใใชใใฃใฆใใใฟใใผใใใฃใใๅคไบบใไธปไบบๅ ฌใซใใใจ็ตถๅฏพ้ง็ฎใชใใงใใใใใใใฟใใผใ80ๅนดไปฃใซใใฃใฆใใฆใงในใฟใณใงใไฝๆ ใๆฅๆฌไบบใไธปไบบๅ ฌใชใใงใใใๆฅๆฌใฎใใณใฌใฃใฆใ ่น่ถใใ่้ใฎๅฐๅนดใคใตใ ใใจใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใใฎใใชใใ็ฅใใชใใใฉใใฃใใใงใใใใ ใใใใฃใก(ไธปไบบๅ ฌใๆฅๆฌไบบ)ใฎๆนใๆฎ้ใงใไธ้จใจใใฎๆนใ(ๅคๅฝใฎไบบใไธปไบบๅ ฌใจใใฎๆนใ)็ฐๅธธใชใใงใใ ่น่ถใไฝใงๅคๅฝใฎไบบใไธปไบบๅ ฌใซใใใใฃใฆๆใใใใใงใใ๏ผใใใฎใฟใใผใ็ฏใใฆใพใงใ ่ๆจใใใผใใใชใใๆด็ปใจใใใใฃใฑใ่ฆณใฆใใใใใงใใใๆ ่กใใใจใใซใซใซใใฃใผใทใงใใฏใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ่ฆณใใใฎๅ จใฆๅใใฃใใงใใญใ็พใใใฆใ้ผป่กๅบใใใใ็พใใใฃใใงใใญใไฝ่ฆณใฆใใใใใใใชใใใ ใใใ ่น่ถใๅ ็ใฏๆ ่กใซ่กใใใใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใๆๅใคใฎใชในใชใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใใคใฎใชในใจใใใฉใณในใจใ่กใฃใใใงใใใฉใใ ่น่ถใใใใฏใใใใคใฎใชในใ่ๅฐใซใใใใฎใใใจใใไบใงใฏใชใใฆใ ่ๆจใใใใงใกใใฃใจๅใใฃใใใใงใใญใใใฃใฑใใ ่น่ถใใจใใไบใฏๆ ่กใซใคใณในใใคใขใใใฆใใธใงใธใงใฎ่ๅฐใฏใคใฎใชในใซใชใฃใใฃใฆใใ้ขจใซ่งฃ้ใใฆใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใงใใใใฃใฑใใใใใฎใ็ทจ้่ ใฃใฆใใไบบใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใฟใใใชใใฎใใใใใงใใใ็ทจ้่ ใฎ่ถฃๅณใใจใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใใงใใใจใธใใใซ่กใใใฃใฆ่จใฃใใฎใ็ทจ้่ ใชใใงใใใๅคงๅฅฝใใชใใ ใใใใใฎ่ฑกๅฝขๆๅญใจใ่ชญใใๆนใงใใใ่กใใใใฆใใใใใชใใฎใ ่น่ถใใใจใญใฐใชใใ่ชญใใใ ่ๆจใ่ชญใใไบบใงใๅใฏ่กใใใใชใใฃใใใงใใใฉ(็ฌ)ใๆฑใใใงใญใใจใซใใๅซใชใใงใใใ ่น่ถใใใใๅ ็ใฎไธญใซใใฃใใใฎใใจใธใใใใใใชใใฃใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใญใใใใฏๆ ๅฝใใใจใใใใใใใฐใซใใไบบใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใฃใฆใใใฎใใใฃใฆใไพใใฐๅคๅฝใฎไธปไบบๅ ฌใซใใใใฉใใใชใใฃใฆใใใฎใๆ ๅฝใใใๅๅฏพใใใๅ ดๅใใใใจๆใใใงใใใญใๆใกๅใใใงใใใใใพใใใใใฃใฆใใงใใใฎไบบใฏไนใฃใใใงใใใญใใใใใใใใชใใใฟใใใชใใใใใใจๅๆฐใซใชใฃใฆใใใจใใใใ (ใDIOใใฎๅ็ปๅ ดใฏ๏ผ)
่น่ถใใใฃใชใฎใ่ฉฑใซใชใใใงใใโฆโฆโฆใใฃใฑใใธใงใผในใฟใผใจใใ่ก็ตฑใใใฃใฆใใใฃใกใฎๅฏพๆฅตใซๆฐๅๅนดใ่ฒซใใฆ็ถฟใ ใจใใฃใชใจใใใฎใใใฉใใ่ชญ่ ใฎๆใ ใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅธธใซใใคใใใฃใชใฎๅฝฑใใคใใพใจใฃใฆใใพใใๅ ญ้จใซ่ณใฃใฆใใใฃใชใฎ้ชจใพใงๅบใฆใใพใใใใชใฎใซๅ ็ใฏๅ็ปๅ ดใฏใชใใจใใฃใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฉใ (็ป้ขใซใใคใใฎใซใฉใผๅ็จฟ๏ผใฎใใฃใชๆ ใ) ่ๆจใใใใฏๆฟๅคช้ใใใฃใคใใใใใ ใใใใงใใใฎๆๆใฏๆฎใฃใฆใใใฃใฆใใใใใซใใใใใงใใใญใใใฎๅฟ(ใใใใใ)ใฟใใใชใๆชใฎๅฟใ ่น่ถใใจใใไบใฏใใใฃใชใฏๅฝขใจใใฆใฏ็พใใชใใจใๆๆใจใใฆใฏใใใใใใไปๅพใใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใใชใใงใใใฉใ ่น่ถใ็ฌฌ๏ผ้จใ โฆโฆโฆ(็ฌ)ใ (ใธใงใปใใฏใพใ ็ใใฆใใ๏ผ)
่น่ถใใจใใใงใใใฃใชใใใใใจใชใใใใธใงใปใใฏๅ ็๏ผใ ่ๆจใใธใงใปใโฆโฆโฆ็็พ็นใฏ๏ผใ ่น่ถใใใฎใญใใชใตใชใตใฏ50ๆญณใฎ่จญๅฎใงๅบใฆใใพใใใใญ๏ผใ่ไฝใฏไบๅไปฃใงใใใใใใฏไฝๆ ใใจใใใจใๆณข็ดใใใฎ่ไฝใไฟใคใใ ใ่ใใฎในใใผใใ็ทฉใใใใ ใจใๆใใซใชใใพใใใใญๅ ็๏ผใ ่ๆจใใฏใใ ่น่ถใไฝๆ โฆโฆโฆใชใตใชใตใใใใธใงใปใใฎใปใใๅใฏๆณข็ดใฎใใฏใผใฏไธใ ใจๆใใใงใใใไฝๆ ใใธใงใปใใฏไบบ้ใจๅใในใใผใใงๆญณใใจใฃใกใใฃใใใงใใใใญ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฃใฑใกใใฃใจใๆฐใฎๆใกใใใจใใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่น่ถใๅคฑ็คผใใใใพใใ(็ฌ)ใ (ใญใฃใฉใๆใใฎใซไธ็ช้่ฆใช้จๅใฏ๏ผ)
่น่ถใๅ ใปใฉใไธ็ชใใคใณใใซใชใใฎใฏๅฃใ ใฃใฆใใฃใใใฃใฆใใพใใใใญ๏ผใใใใใคใณใใฏใใใใฃใใใงใใใ ่ๆจใไฝใใญใ่ฒๆฐใๅบใใใใงใใใญใไธญๆง็ใฃใฆใใใฎใใชใ็ทใงใใชใๅฅณๆงใงใใชใใใฃใฆใใใใใชใ็ตตใซใใใจใใซๆนใใคใใใใฎใใใใใงใใใ (ไปๅฉใใธใงใซใใใใใใชใฎใซใฉใผๅ็จฟใๅฃใใจใฎใขใใ) ่ๆจใไพใใฐ็ทๆใใใงใใๅฅณๆงใฎ้กใ่ฆใชใใๆใใจใใใใใในใฟใคใซใจใใใใผใบใฎๅใๆนใจใโฆโฆโฆใ ่น่ถใๅ ็ใ้กใๆใใใๅ ดๅใๆๅพใฏๅฃใงใใใใใใจใๆๅใฏๅฃใงใใใ ่ๆจใๆๅใฏ้ผปใงใใญใ ่น่ถใ้ผปใใพใใใใฏไธญๅฟใใจใฃใฆใ ่ๆจใใฉใๆใใใ ใใใชโฆโฆโฆใใฃใฑๆๅพใๅฃใงใใญใ ่น่ถใใใฃใฑใๆๅพใๅฃใใกใชใฟใซใกใใฃใจๆใใจใใใ่ฆใใฆใใใ ใใฆใใใใใใงใใใใใ (่ๆจใ็ดใใตใใจ็จๆใใฆๆใ) ่ๆจใใใใใๆใใ ่น่ถใ(ๅฐๅฃฐใง)ๅคงๅคใชใใจใซใชใใพใใใ (่ๆจใใใณใไธๅบฆๅใใใพใๅฅใฎใๅใ็ดใใฆๆใๅงใใใใญใใใชใณใฐ๏ผ) ่ๆจใใพใใกใใฃใจ่ผช้ญใ (่ผช้ญใ้ผปใ็ๆฏใ็ฎใฎ้ ใงใตใใตใจๆใใฆใใใใใๅทฆๅใใฎ้กใงใๅณ็ฎใๅทฆ็ฎใฎ้ ใ็ฎใฏใใใ็ฎ็ใฎ้ ) ่น่ถใใใฃใฑใๅ ็ใฏไปๅฉใๅฅฝใใชใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใใใใใฏไฝใงใใชใใใงใใใฉใ ่น่ถใใใไฝใซใงใใชใใใงใใใใใใใใ ่ๆจใไปๅฉใซใใ๏ผใ (ใชใผใผใณใใๅฐใๆใใฆใๅฃใๆใ) ่ๆจใใใใใๆใใงใใใญโฆโฆโฆใ (่ณใใใใฆๅณๅดใฎ่ผช้ญ) ่น่ถใใชใใปใฉใ็ขบใใซ่กจๆ ใในใใจๅบใฆใใใฎใๅฃใงใใญใ ่ๆจใใใจๅซใถใจใใซใฏใใ(ๅฃใใใใใใใซๆใใตใใใใฆ)ใชใฃใใใจใใ (ใชใผใผใณใใฎไธใฎ้จๅใๆใ) ่น่ถใๅ ็ใ็ใฎใๆใใใฆใใพใใพใใใญใ ่ๆจใ็ไปๅฉ๏ผใ (ๆใๅฐใๆใใฆใๅ่กๆฌใงใไบบๆฐใฎใฉใ็ปใๅฎๆใๆฉใ) ่น่ถใๅ ็ใๅฃใจใใใฎใฏใใใฆๅฝฑ้ฟใๅใใใจใใใใใฎๅฃๅ ใฏใฉใใใซใผใใงใใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใฃใฑใใใใๅ็ใจใ(ๅ็้ใใฑใใฑใใจใใใ)่ฆใฆๆใใฆใใใใงใใใฉใ(ๅ็ใฎๅฃใๆๅทฎใ)ใใฃใฑใใใใๅฃใจใใใใใงใใใญใ (ๅ็ใใใใญใช่ฆใใใใงใใใไฝใฎๅ็้ใงใใใใ๏ผ) ่ๆจใใงใใใใ่ฆใฆ็ทใๆใใจใใใใใใงใใ (ไปไบๅ ดๆ่ฆ)
่ๆจใใใใฏใขใทในใฟใณใใฎไปไบๅ ดใงใใ ่น่ถใใฏใใโฆโฆโฆใชใใใคใกใผใธใๅ จ็ถ้ใใพใใใใใฃใจ้็ถใจใใไธญใง็ใพใใฆใใใฎใใชใจๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฉใๅ ็ใฎๅ ๅธณ้ขใใใ ่ๆจใใใใงใใ๏ผใใใโฆโฆโฆใพใโฆโฆโฆใฏใ(็ฌ)ใ (ใใฎๆใๅฃใซใใใฃใฆใใ็ตตใ้ข็ฝใใ่ๆจๅ ็ใฎ็ตต๏ผ) (ใขใทในใฟใณใใใใณๅ ฅใใใใฆใใไฝๆฅญใๆ ใ) ใใฌใผใทใงใณ
ใ่ๆจๅ ็ใฎ็ตตใซใไธๅฏงใซใใณๅ ฅใใใใใขใทในใฟใณใใฎ็ใใใ (ๆ็ต่ฉฑ๏ผใ็ฅ็ถใๅฐ้ขใซๅใใใPAGEใๆ ใ) ใใใฎๆฅใฏ็ฌฌๅ ญ้จในใใผใณใชใผใทใฃใณๆ็ต่ฉฑใฎไปไธใใ ใใใธใงใธใงใฎๅฅๅฆใชๅ้บใใฏใใใใ็ใพใใฆใใใฎใงใใ
(็ฌฌ7้จใฎๆงๆณใฏ๏ผ)
่น่ถใใใใงใใใใ็ฌฌไธ้จใๅงใพใใจใใใ็ง้ใฏๅฌใใใใฅใผในใ่ณใซใใใฆใใใ ใใใใงใใใฉใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใ็ทจ้้จใจใฏๅ จ็ถๆใกๅใใใใฆใใชใใใงใ ่น่ถใใงใใๅ ็ใฎไธญใซใฏใใโฆโฆโฆใ ่ๆจใใใใพใใญใใฟใคใใซใใใชใใ ใฃใใชใใในใใฃใผใซใปใใผใซใปใฉใณใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฉใ ่น่ถใๆใใฆใใใฃใกใใใพใใใ(็ฌ)ใ ่ๆจใใงใ่ๅฐใจใใๅ ๅฎนใฏ้ง็ฎใงใใญใใพใ ใ ่น่ถใใใใฏใใกใใใใใงใใใใฉใฃใๅ ็ใฎไธญใงใๅคงใใชๆชๆฅใซ้ฃ่บใใใฃใฆใใใใใใใใใใฃใฆใใไบใฏใใใใงใใญใ ่ๆจใๅๆใใงใใชใใใฃใฆใใใใใจ่บซ่ฟใงใชใใจใใชใขใชใใฃใฃใฆใใใใไฝใงใใใ็บๆใจใใไฝใงใใใไธ็ใซใชใใจใกใใฃใจใพใ้ใฃใฆใใใใใใใชใใใจๆใใใงใใใใใฃใฑใชใขใชใใฃใงใใญใ ่น่ถใๅ ็ใใ่ชๅใงๆชๆฅใๆง็ฏใใใใจใฏใใพใๆใใใชใ๏ผใ ่ๆจใใใใใใในใฟใณใใๆถ็ฉบใฎใใฎใ ใใใใฉใใใชใขใชใใฃใใชใใจ้ง็ฎใชใใงใใใ ่น่ถใใชใใปใฉใชใใปใฉใใใใงใฏ็ใใใ็ฌฌไธ้จใฏใใใปใฉ้ ใๆชๆฅใธ่กใใชใใใจใใใใ ใใฏใ่ใใงใใพใใใ ่ๆจใใใ่ก็ตฑใใใชใใใงใใใญใไพใใฐไปๅฉใ ใฃใฆๆไบบใฎๅญใชใใ ใใใ่ฆใใใใงใใ(็ฌ)ใ ใจใใญใผใฐใQ81๏ฝQ100
Q81ใใใใใใใณใฌใในใ3
่น่ถใใใใงใฏใจใใญใผใฐ็ใซใใฎไปใฎใใจใจใใใใใใง่ณชๅใใใใฆใใใ ใใใใใงใใใฉใใใๅงใใฎใใณใฌใในใ3ใๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใใใใใซ๏ผไธใใจโฆโฆโฆใใใ ใชๆขถๅไธ้จใฎโฆโฆโฆใใผใใใฃใฑใๅทจไบบใฎๆใใใชใๆ้ไธ็ด็ทใใใใใงใใใฉใญใ
่น่ถใใใใงใใใญใใ
่ๆจใๅพใฏใใฃใฑใใใฉใดใณใใผใซใใงใใญใ
่น่ถใใใใฉใดใณใใผใซใใงใใ๏ผใ
Q82ใใใใใใใใจๆใฃใใใณใฌใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใใใใใ๏ผใจๆใฃใใใณใฌใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใใใใในใคใซใชใใงใใญใ
Q83ใๅฐๆฌใใใใณใฌๅฎถใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใๅฐๆฌใใใใณใฌๅฎถใฏใฉใชใใงใใใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใใใฃใฑใๆจชๅฑฑๅ
่ผๅ
็ใ
Q84ใ้ฑๅ้ฃ่ผใงๅฟใใใฆใใใใจใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใ้ฑๅ้ฃ่ผใใใไธใงๅฟใใใฆใใใใจใฏใฉใใใไบใงใใใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใ็ท ใใใใๅฎใใ
Q85ใ้ทใ็ถใใ็ง่จฃใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใ้ทใ็ถใใ็ง่จฃใๆใใฆใใ ใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใใใใใใใใใงใใญใ็ท ใใใใๅฎใใใจใใใใใใใจใงใใ
Q86ใไปฒใฎ่ฏใใใณใฌๅฎถใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใไปฒใฎ่ฏใใใณใฌๅฎถใใใฏใฉใชใใงใใใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใใใฃใจโฆโฆโฆใใชใใงใใญ(็ฌ)ใ็นใซใใใใฃใฆ็ญใใฆใใใใใ ใใฉใใใใชไผใฃใฆใใชใใใ ใใชใใใฟใใชๅฟใใใฆใใ(็ฌ)ใ
่น่ถใใใใงใใใญใใชใใชใใญใใ
่ๆจใใใใชใใงใใใ
Q87ใใใฝใณใณใฏไฝฟใ๏ผ
่น่ถใใใฝใณใณใฏไฝฟใใพใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใๅใฏ้ง็ฎใงใใใฝใณใณใใใฎๅพ
ใกๆ้ใใ
่น่ถใใงใใใไฝฟใใซใฏใชใใใใจใ
่ๆจใใใใ
่น่ถใใใพใๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใใใจใ
่ๆจใๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใใงใใญใ
Q88ใ็ใกใญใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใๆบๅธฏใฎ็ใกใญใๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใงใใใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใๆบๅธฏใฏๅใๆใฃใฆใพใใใ
Q89ใไธ็ชไผใใใๅฅณๅชใใใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใไธ็ชไผใฃใฆใฟใใๅฅณๅชใใใไธไบบๆใใฆใใ ใใใ
่ๆจใใใใฃใใใๆฅๆฌใฎๅฅณๅชใใใใฃใฆไบใงใใ๏ผใ
(ในใฟใใใใใใใๅคๅฝใงใใใจ็ญใใ)
่ๆจใใใฟใชใผใปใใผใใใณใซไผใใใใงใใญใใในใฟใผใปใฆใฉใผใบใใจใใฝใผใ1ใใฎใขใใใฉๅงซใใใใใใใงใใญใ(็ฌ)ใ
่น่ถใ็ฎๅฐปใไธใใใพใใใญๅ
็ใ
่ๆจใใใใ็พไบบใงใใใใใฏใ
่น่ถใใใใงใใใญใใ
Q90ใ็กไบบๅณถใซๆใฃใฆใใใใฎใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใ็กไบบๅณถใซๆใฃใฆใใใใฎใไธใคๆใใฆใใ ใใใ
่ๆจใใใฃใฑใๅฅฝใใชใใณใฌใจใCDใจใ้็ญใ
Q91ใไธ็ช้ซไพกใชใใฎใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใไปใพใง่ฒทใฃใไธ็ช้ซไพกใชใใฎใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ
่ๆจใไฝใ ใใโฆโฆโฆไปไบๅ ดใใชใใ
Q92ใๅฐๆฌใใไบบใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใๅฐๆฌใใไบบใฏ่ชฐใงใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใๅฐๆฌใใไบบ๏ผใโฆโฆโฆๅใฏ็ปๅฎถใฎใใฉในใฑในใใ
(็ป้ขใซใใฉในใฑในใฎใใญใใๅบใใ
ใใใฉในใฑในใ(1599๏ฝ1660)ใในใใคใณ ใปใใชใข็ใพใใใใงใชใ4ไธใฎๅฎฎๅปท็ปๅฎถใจใใฆๆดป่บ)
Q93ใไปๅพใๆๆฆใใฆใฟใใใธใฃใณใซใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆไปๅพใๆๆฆใใฆใฟใใใธใฃใณใซใฏใฉใใชใใฎใงใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใๅฅใซใไปใฎใใณใฌใใฉใใฉใ้ฒใใฆใใใใใ ใใ
Q94ใใๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใใฉใใใ่ชญใ๏ผ
่น่ถใใๅฐๅนดใธใฃใณใใใฉใฎใใณใฌใใ่ชญใฟใพใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใๆๅใใใ่ผใฃใฆใใ้ ใซใ
Q95ใใใณใฌใฏใใคใพใงๆใ๏ผ
่น่ถใใใณใฌใฏใใคใพใงๆใใใจๆใใใฆใใพใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใ50ใใใใงใใใญใใใใช้ทใๆใใใฎใใชใ(็ฌ)ใๅฐใชใใจใ้ฑๅ้ฃ่ผใฏใกใใฃใจใงใใชใใใใใใชใใใชใใในใใผใ้ธๆใจๅใๆงใชๆใใใใใพใใใฉใ
่น่ถใใใฃใฑใใใใฏๆไปฃใงใใใใใญใ
่ๆจใๆไปฃใฃใฆใใใใไฝๅใ
Q96ใ่ๅพใฎ้ใใๆนใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใ่ๅพใฏใฉใ้ใใใใใงใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใใใฃใฑใใใใๅ้ใจใฌในใใฉใณใงใ ในใใชใใใใฟใใใช(็ฌ)ใใใใใใงใใใ็ทๅๅฃซใงใญใ
Q97ใใใ้กใไบใๅถใใชใ๏ผ
่น่ถใ้กใไบใๅถใใชใใไฝใใ้กใใใใพใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใใใใฃโฆโฆโฆ๏ผใไฝใ ใใใชโฆโฆโฆใใใพใใชใใงใใใฉใๅฅใซใชใใงใใ
Q98ใใใณใฌๅฎถใซๅใใฆใใไบบใฏใฉใใชไบบ๏ผ
่น่ถใใใณใฌๅฎถใซๅใใฆใใใจๆใไบบใฏใฉใใชไบบใงใใใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใใใณใฌๅฎถใฃใฆใใใใใช้ญ
ๅใใใใใงใใใญใ่ๆฌๅฎถใงใใฃใใใ็ปๅฎถใงใใฃใใใ็ฃ็ฃใงใใฃใใใๅฝน่
ใงใใฃใใใใญใใใใใถใ้ณๆฅฝๅฎถไปฅๅคใฏ่ชฐใงใๅใใฆใใใใใใใชใใใจๆใใพใใใฉใ
่น่ถใใฏใใผใชใใปใฉใ
่ๆจใใใใใช้ญ
ๅใใใใใใใใใใใใใฐใ็ตตไธๆใชใใณใฌๅฎถใใใใใ็ตตใ ใใง่ฉฑใใงใใชใไบบใใใใใใใใใช้ญ
ๅใใใใใไฝใงใใงใใใจๆใใพใใญใ
Q99ใใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆๅคงๅใชใใจใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใใใณใฌๅฎถใจใใฆๅคงๅใชใใจใฃใฆใชใใงใใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใๅตไฝใฏ็พใใใใฃใฆๅฟใซๅฟตใใฆใใใใจใใใใชใใงใใใ
่น่ถใ็ด ๆตใชโฆโฆโฆใ
Q100ใใใชใใซใจใฃใฆใใณใฌใจใฏ๏ผ
่น่ถใใงใฏๆๅพใซใใกใใฃใจ้ฃใใ่ณชๅใใใใใพใใใใฉใๅ
็ใซใจใฃใฆใบใใชใใณใฌใจใฏไฝใงใใใ๏ผใ
่ๆจใ่ชๅใ่ฆใคใใใใฎใงใใญใ
่น่ถใใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ
(่น่ถใ่ๆจใจๅบใๆกๆใใคใค) ่น่ถใใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ็ด ๆตใชๅตๅๅทใซใใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ่ญๆงใงใใใใใใๆฅฝใใฟใซใใฆใใใพใใฎใงใใใใใใไฝ่ชฟใๅดฉใใชใใใใซโฆโฆโฆไฝ่ชฟใๅดฉใใจไธปไบบๅ
ฌใใใณใใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใพใใใใญ(็ฌ)ใใๆดป่บใใ็ฅใใใฆใใใพใใใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ
่ๆจใใฏใใใฉใใใใใใจใใใใใพใใ
(ใธใงใชใผใณใจ่ๆจๅ
็ใฎใตใคใณๆ ใใๅค้ใๆญฉใ่น่ถ)
