Stand/ru

"Действительно, Джотаро, то, что ты называешь «злым духом», - это всего лишь мощное воплощение, созданное твоей собственной жизненной энергией! И так как он стоит рядом с тобой, он называется... Стенд!"

- Джозеф Джостар,

Стенд (スタンド) - механика, появившаяся в серии JoJo's Bizarre Adventure.

Сущность, подсознательно создаваемая его владельцем, который упоминается как. Обычно стенд представляет собой бесплотную фигуру, висящую над пользователем или рядом с ним и обладает способностями, превосходящими способности обычного человека, которые, в зависимости от намерений пользователя, могут быть использованы для добра или зла.

Описание
Стенды представлены как олицетворение "жизненной энергии" (生命エネルギー) человека, способности которой визуализируются. При первом появлении, над "Стенд" была написана, означающая "Призрачная Пульсация" (幽波紋). По словам Джозефа Джостара, название "Стенд" происходит от того, что стенд обычно стоит рядом со своим пользователем, готовый действовать по его команде. Стенд может представлять собой проявление врождённого "боевого духа" человека, и в некоторой степени воплощает его психику. Тем не менее, стенды могут быть получены путем исследования возможностей и выражения ума, и в этом случае требуется только большое количество умственной силы. Помимо этого, стенды представляются в самых разных формах и с различным поведением (если они являются разумными). Они следуют свободным наборам правил, и нет полноценного стандарта, по которому их можно полностью классифицировать. Будучи воплощением психики, стенды столь же разнообразны, как и человеческие разумы.

В связи с их разнообразием, стенды неравны между собой. Одни из из них невероятно сильны, воплощая мужество своего пользователя, другие довольно причудливы из-за эксцентричности хозяина, третьи даже вредят своему обладателю, если у него недостаточно боевого духа. Когда стенды были впервые представлены в Stardust Crusaders, они были названы в честь, а затем в честь , а их дизайн обычно ссылался на значения этих карт или богов. Ближе к концу Stardust Crusaders и во всех последующих частях, имена стендов являются отсылками к музыкантам, группам, альбомам и песням американской, австралийской, британской и европейской эстрады; только один стенд в серии является отсылкой на японскую музыку.

Стенды связаны с инопланетным вирусом, содержавшемся в метеорите, который упал на полуостров Кейп Йорк в Гренландии. Объясняется, что вирус может заражать людей и в большинстве случаев убивает их, но те, кто выживают, обретают стенд-способность.

Стенд и его Пользователь
Стенд воплощает дух своего обладателя, что относится не только к людям, но и к другим живым существам. Затем, как правило, пользователь даёт своему стенду имя и использует его в различных целях. Обычно стенд имеет прямую связь со своим пользователем. Таким образом, любой урон, получаемый стендом, отражается на теле пользователя и наоборот. Исключения составляют автоматические и связанные стенды, которые обычно не отражают урон на пользователя, или особые способности, такие как броня Silver Chariot.

За редкими исключениями, когда пользователь умирает, его стенд исчезает вместе с ним. Также, если стенд разрушается, его пользователь обычно умирает. Тем не менее, пользователь может выжить, когда его стенд разрушен, если он автоматический или его пользователь получает мало ранений. И наоборот, некоторые стенды, такие как Notorious B.I.G, способны жить после смерти своих пользователей благодаря исключительным способностям.

Так как стенд - порождение духа пользователя, они имеют крепкую психологическую связь. Во-первых, стенды обычно беспрекословно подчиняются командам их пользователей. По требованию пользователя, стенд выполнит любую его команду - атаковать врага, защитить пользователя и т.д. Стенды, обладающие своим интеллектом, могут отвечать пользователю, что его решение неразумно, но всё равно будут выполнять команду. Также, стенды могут автоматически защищать пользователей, что показано, когда Джотаро выстрелил себе в голову, а Уэзер Репорт попытался покончить с собой. Однако бывают случаи, когда пользователь не может контролировать стенд. Он может быть автоматическим, как Super Fly, или пользователь может не обладать достаточным боевым духом, чтобы контролировать его, как Холи Куджо. В обоих случаях, будучи неуправляемым, стенд может работать против интересов пользователя. Однако, как показано с Холи, стенд может выйти из-под контроля и медленно убивать пользователя, подобно болезни. По словам Мухаммеда Абдула, обладатели таких стендов чувствуют себя больными, а затем впадают в кому и никогда не просыпаются. Более того, по его словам, такое происходит довольно часто, и он видел много людей, страдающих от этого.

Одно из основных правил заключается в том, что один пользователь может обладать только одним стендом одновременно. Несмотря на то, что стенды могут принимать различные формы или делиться на несколько сущностей, нельзя вызвать несколько стендов одновременно. Даже если, по некоторым причинам, кто-то станет обладателем нескольких стендов, только один из них будет настоящим. Большинство стендов остаются привязанными к пользователю, но некоторые из них могут менять обладателей. Некоторые стенды, такие как Anubis или Cheap Trick, активно пытаются изменить пользователя, а их зловредная натура заставляет их вредить пользователям вместо того, чтобы защищать их. Кроме этого, стенд можно украсть у основного пользователя с помощью таких способностей, как Boy II Man и Whitesnake (во втором случае, стенд помещается в диск).

Некоторые стенды издают боевые выкрики, нанося удары.

Управление стендом
При обретении стенда, контроль пользователя над ним частично интуитивен, но требует практики.

Обретая стенд, пользователь, как правило, не знает о нём ничего и вынужден догадываться, в чём его способность. Иногда эта способность проста для понимания, как Echoes Коичи Хиросе, в других случаях разумный стенд может объяснить её своему пользователю, как Spice Girl Триш Уны, но нередко пользователю необходимо время, чтобы узнать свою способность. Например, и Дио, и Джотаро обнаружили у себя способность останавливать время только спустя несколько времени после обретения стенда. После этого, пользователь должен найти применение способностям своего стенда. Также, ему потребуется практика, чтобы раскрыть потенциал своего стенда и управлять им более точно. Скрытые способности стенда могут потребовать времени, пока пользователь узнает о них. К примеру, Джорно Джованна использовал Gold Experience на Буччеллати, чтобы узнать действие своей животворящей силы на человеке, а в середине части догадался, что его способности могут залечивать раны.

Чтобы использовать стенд, его нужно сознательно призвать. Также, для использования способностей, пользователь должен отдавать команды своему стенду (но таким образом, пользователи остаются уязвимыми для скрытых атак). Это правило не относится к стендам, которые действуют автоматически.

Получение стенда
''См. также:'' Лук и Стрела и Ладонь Дьявола

In most cases, Stand Users are either born with the ability to use their Stands or with the potential to unlock one later in life. Without this potential, a person can not achieve a Stand through natural means. For those born with it, the trigger for unlocking one's Stand varies with the user but is generally derived through the refinement of their talents or skills throughout their life. As such, a Stand's awakening and abilities are often tied to the users' occupation. Notable users who acquired a Stand through natural means include Noriaki Kakyoin, Muhammad Avdol, Tonio Trussardi, and Kenzou. The most widespread way to acquire use of a Stand is to be pierced by a special Arrow made from a meteor from outer space. If a person has the potential, they will survive being stabbed and acquire a Stand. Otherwise, the person will die. Notable people who unlock their Stand this way include DIO, Koichi Hirose, Diavolo, Enrico Pucci, and Jolyne Cujoh. However, if a person is pierced by the Arrow and does not have the potential, but is healed afterward, they will gain a Stand.

Moreover, if someone acquires a Stand this way, their existing descendants will also gain a Stand, although it may not manifest itself at first or be uncontrollable. In one such case, Jonathan Joestar's body was pierced by the Arrow, causing every living member of the Joestar Family to awaken their own Stands. The way siblings acquire Stands is portrayed inconsistently: although Koichi Hirose awakened a Stand, his sister Ayana Hirose did not; however, the twins Enrico and Weather both awakened a Stand when Pucci was pierced. If a childless person acquires a Stand, their future children will have at least the potential of developing a Stand.

In the new continuity of Steel Ball Run and JoJolion, the Arrows don't exist. The way most known Stand users have acquired their Stand is unknown. However, one confirmed method of acquiring a Stand is to survive going through a location named the Devil's Palm, a shifting plot of land containing the Saint's Corpse, which can bless someone and give them a Stand.

History of Stands
The "Stands" in JoJo can be conceptualized as a reification of hidden talent, with their source being a sort of energy that's been in the Earth since ancient times. The oldest instance of a Stand User dates back to the 16th century with the death of Caravan Serai and the emancipation of his Stand, Anubis. Appropriately 50,000 years ago, a meteorite crash landed on Earth around an underpopulated region of,. Several hundred years before the discovery of the virus, a man who wished to acquire the power of gods took the rocks and fashioned them into a set of Arrows whose fate is undetermined.

In 1978, a mineral excavation team discovered the meteorite and uncovered an unknown virus within the rocks of the surrounding area and determined that it has been laying dormant inside the meteorite that hit Earth long ago. Despite extensive research, government doctors were unable to determine the alien virus' purpose outside the culling of life. Akin to the theory of evolution, it was discovered that certain people possessed the quality that would allow them to survive when exposed to the virus, rewarding them new abilities as they surpassed the trial.

The Arrows resurface in 1986 when an Egyptian ruins investigation team uncovered six of them from underneath the Egypt desert. The Arrows were eventually stolen by Diavolo, who sold five of them to Enya the Hag. The Arrows allowed the wielder to unlock Stand abilities in those who had the potential to awaken one, essentially acting as the aforementioned trigger. Thus since the '80s, there has a been a sharp rise in the population of Stand users. The six Arrows were eventually distributed to various people, among them were Keicho Nijimura, Yoshihiro Kira, Jean Pierre Polnareff, and the Speedwagon Foundation.

Second Continuity
In the later parts, the Stands were reintroduced but with unknown real origins. In Steel Ball Run, Stands were described as being granted by the Devil's Palm and the Saint's Corpse which both bestowed power to those that could seek them out and survive their presence. However, a number of Stand Users acquired their powers without ever stepping in America or meeting with the Corpse, most notably the characters of JoJolion.

Appearance


Stands present themselves in a wide variety of forms. Some adopt a humanoid form, others, the appearance of an object or a tool. These Stands all share an inability to be viewed by ordinary humans, unless bound to physical objects. In addition, some Stands can simply be devoid of appearance, simply manifesting themselves as a special power.

Stands can be divided into 5 trends based on their appearance. Most of the Stands have features from two or more categories.

A Stand's appearance is not set in stone. Stands change appearance as their Users age. As seen with Jean Pierre Polnareff's Silver Chariot or Jobin Higashikata's Speed King,  young Stand Users have typically childlike Stands and when they become adults, the Stands' features also become adult-like. A special category of Stands that can evolve into different forms or ACTs, is also able to change form and therefore appearance. Finally, a Stand pierced by the Bow and Arrow can evolve into a brand new form called a Requiem Stand.

When a Stand is injured, they may either bleed like an organic being, crumble into ashes, fizzle out in flashes of light, or break into small pieces like a statue.

Behavior
Most Stands display no personality, sometimes because they do not have a form with which to emote, but the majority of humanoid Stands simply hover behind and above the user awaiting a command. Some Stands display bits of personalities through facial expressions, but it is ambiguous whether the emotions come from the Stand or simply reflect the User's state of mind.

For unknown reasons, a handful of Stands do have a separate consciousness from their Users. They are sentient and can converse with their Users whenever they are summoned. Although they display a variety of personalities, most still obey their Users to the letter. Examples of such Stands include Echoes, Spice Girl, and Whitesnake. Rarely, these Stands are uncontrollable and have no true master, and instead, move from host to host and actively seek to harm their "user" with their powers. Anubis and Cheap Trick are examples of such Stands.

Whenever a Stand talks, their otherworldly nature is indicated in the original manga material as a text written with. In the case of audiovisual media such as the anime or a video game, a Stand's voice will possess a ghostly echo and mechanical tone.

Abilities
Each Stand possesses supernatural properties as well as a special, unique power, indirectly granting its User superhuman abilities:


 * In general, a Stand is invisible to normal humans, yet can interact with normal objects. It allows the User to use their Stand unnoticed by a large majority of the population. The mundane use of a Stand has been likened to a poltergeist phenomenon by normal people. Even a Stand's power is invisible for ordinary humans; for instance, normal people cannot see Magician's Red's flames but can feel its heat.
 * Stands are ethereal and, as a result, possess intangibility. It is uncommon but not unheard of for Stand Users to channel their Stands inside their bodies to protect themselves, using their Stand's superhuman durability to their advantage. It is even more uncommon for Stands to phase through objects, but the possibility exists.
 * only Stands can hurt Stands.gif Stand is invulnerable to any harm except against another Stand or if their Stand User is harmed.
 * As psychic projections, Users can also communicate through their Stands. Barring rare exceptions, a Stand User typically shares their consciousness with their Stand and is able to see through its eyes. Moreover, a Stand User can also speak through their Stand, enabling a form of distant communication. However, the Stand must have a mouth or otherwise be able to speak to do so. Notable examples include Star Platinum, Death Thirteen, Highway Star and King Crimson.
 * Users possess the ability to shrink their Stands to a microscopic level, but the one time it was shown, Polnareff indicated that it was difficult to manipulate the Stand at such a subtle level and that it was taxing to maintain the small size, making that property impractical in most cases.

Power
Each Stand possesses an esoteric and unique power that defines it and sets it apart from other Stands. A Stand's power can wildly vary between Stands. The nature of the power can range from relatively mundane powers such as using a sword or controlling flames to extremely powerful ones such as the ability to manipulate the flow of time. These powers have many different subtleties, such as a limited range or a special way of manifesting themselves, that can be exploited during a fight. For instance, Sticky Fingers can create zippers on any surface, but it has to hit an object with its hand to be able to create them. It is up to the User to know how to protect themselves or use their enemy's weakness to their advantage.

The User is sometimes immune, or protected to a degree against the power of their Stand. For instance, Prosciutto can stay young despite his The Grateful Dead aging everyone around it. However, the reverse is just as widespread, as Stand Users like Pannacotta Fugo with Purple Haze's virus, and Muhammad Avdol and Magician's Red's flames are stated to be just as vulnerable.

In rare cases, Stands can have the same abilities. Usually, siblings like the D'Arby Brothers or two rats can roughly have the same power.

Barring rare exceptions, if the Stand is destroyed or the User is knocked out, the Stand's power immediately disappears and any modification to the environment due to its power is reversed.

Each Stand is unique, but many share enough characteristics that they may be grouped under specific Stand Types. Very uncommon special stands may appear in the story from time to time due to exceptional circumstances.

Range
One of the most important features of a Stand is its range. Stands in principle can only be used within a predetermined range centering around the Stand's owner. As such, for the sake of convenience, the range that a Stand can perform abilities is referred to as "Firing Range" (射程距離). A Stand's range and accuracy are inversely proportional; the further the Stand moves away from its firing range, the weaker and less subtle it becomes. This principle is applied to almost all Stands. Furthermore, this can be construed more specifically as "effective firing range", as a Stand will only gradually lose effectiveness the further it deviates from its firing range, rather than just relinquish immediately. The Stand range is effectively just the range where it can optimally perform.

From a general point of view, all Stands can be roughly divided into two types: "Short distance", and "long distance". As a trend, short-range types display great power, many of which excel at direct blows or destruction (Silver Chariot, Crazy Diamond, Sticky Fingers, etc.), and are often referred to a "Power Types". Long-range types typically have a special ability that can let them indirectly attack. (Hierophant Green, Echoes ACT1, Beach Boy, etc.)

Some long-distance types are referred to as "Automatic Pilot", in which the "power vs distance from user" principle does not apply. This is exactly what is touched upon in the third Stand theorem, in that autopilot types are typically an extension of an "effect" that results in a Stand triggering. As such, these Stands are independent of the Stand User's will and mental strength, and their power does not drop as a result. As a related note, certain Stand abilities do not have specified ranges (Earth Wind and Fire), an example being time-based powers, such as The World or King Crimson.

Stand Parameters
Stand Parameters (スタンドパラメータ), or Stand Statistics are six statistics used outside of the story to gauge a Stand's capabilities. Some parameters refer to specific abilities of the Stand, such as in the case of Moody Blues and Whitesnake. They are in order (clockwise from top): Destructive Power, Speed, Range, Persistence, Precision, and Developmental Potential.


 * Destructive Power (破壊力):

Measures the Stand's strength and ability to cause destruction (physical injury or collateral environmental damage) in a given period of time. Close-Range Stands such as Star Platinum, The World, Crazy Diamond, Killer Queen, Gold Experience and Stone Free will typically boast high destructive power (Rank C or higher). There are also cases like C-Moon, where destructive power is low or not applicable, despite having fairly destructive abilities.


 * Speed (スピード):

Measures the Stand's agility and reflexes as well as performance speed. This is also typically evaluated fairly high for Close-range Stands. Sometimes it can be strengthened through training, such as with Stands like Silver Chariot.


 * Range (射程距離):

Measures a compromise of the Stand's range of manifestation, range of ability influence, and spatial mobility. In most cases it is inversely proportional to destructive power. However, there are cases where both power and range are excellent, such as Red Hot Chili Pepper and Weather Report. In addition, a Stand's range may decrease due to evolution, such as with Echoes and Made in Heaven.


 * Persistence (持続力):

Measures the duration of time that the Stand can actively maintain its ability. It can also be used in the sense of the time it takes before a special ability can be activated again, such as Star Platinum: The World's time stop.


 * Precision (精密動作性):

Measures the Stand's accuracy and range of influence/effect of their abilities to specified targets. Automatic type Stands are generally evaluated with Rank D or under with a few exceptions.


 * Development Potential (成長性):

Measures the Stand's possible functions, utilization of its abilities and powers, and capacity to improve its overall capabilities. It decreases in rank as the user masters their Stand. For example, Jotaro Kujo's Star Platinum is Rank A in Developmental Potential during Stardust Crusaders, but is given Rank C during Stone Ocean, as Jotaro has had many years to hone Star Platinum's power. However, Rank C implies that all of Star Platinum's possible abilities and functions still had not been discovered or figured out by that time. For a Stand to gain an E-Ranking, it means that either their Stand user discovered all of their Stand's abilities or the Stand came with very few abilities and thus cannot grow any more than it has. Stands such as Green Day and Notorious B.I.G, with infinitely increasing abilities, will be evaluated very high in this parameter.

Each statistic is ranked from A to E; though rankings of None and Infinite are also possible. If a rank is Unknown, it will show a question mark (?); this is usually because the Stand or its full capabilities have not yet been revealed in the storyline. Rankings are defined as follows:


 * A: Very Good (超スゴイ)
 * B: Good (スゴイ)
 * C: Average (人間と同じ)
 * D: Poor (ニガテ)
 * E: Very Poor (超ニガテ)

They are first seen in the artbook JOJO A-GO!GO!, later in canon from Vento Aureo onward as Stands are shown with their parameters along with their name and ability description. Steel Ball Run and JoJolion do not display parameters, but Stands introduced during these arcs are given them in artbooks.

Gallery
In the anime from JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders onward, Stand parameters appear as illustrations displayed after commercials. In JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond is Unbreakable, a silhouette of the Stand User is displayed as well. In JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Golden Wind, eyecatches are stylized by a spinning gold coin which transitions into the Stand and its information.

Stand Parameters are also used in weekly web radio programs like ORAORAdio and Morioh RADIO 4 GREAT to rate the hosts and guests.

Stardust Crusaders (Anime)=

Conception
Araki had conceived his idea of Stand following a need to illustrate his character's abilities and drew inspiration from several sources. As the Vampires and therefore the Ripple which was needed to fight them, became less relevant, there was a need to innovate the way characters in the series would fight each other. Araki mentions several trains of thought which would eventually lead into the creation of the Stands.

In several instances, Araki says that he was influenced by spiritualism, the ancestor cult of the Shinto religion giving him the idea of an otherworldly being protecting someone. Moreover, Yokai legends and folklore would become one of the main inspirations for the Stands' appearances. Araki also claimed that the concept of Stands were inspired by the 'guardian spirit' from Jiro Tsunoda's Ushiro no Hyakutarō manga.

Alternatively, starting from the idea of psychic powers, Araki mentions that his natural skepticism about psychic powers inspired him to draw a psychic entity summoned by the characters. His interrogation about how psychic powers could affect the physical world without any medium led him into illustrating the psychic powers through Stands, which could make the reader visualize the way characters affected the world with their minds. Araki mentions having in mind a punching fist coming out of the body to break an object, and thought that anything could be drawn, giving him a lot of artistic liberty.

Trivia

 * Araki explains that Stand abilities are often the first element he thinks of when he creates a character, and that he then develops the character's personality and appearance based on the harmony with said Stand power.
 * Starting from Part 3 to Part 6, the name of each Stand that is used by the main protagonists are referring to their own representative sub-titles (e.g. Star Platinum, Stand of Jotaro Kujo from Stardust Crusaders).
 * Like characters named after musical acts, the names of Stands names after musicians, albums or the such have historically been the subject of renaming in English localization of JoJo material, so as to avoid trademark infringement. These altered names have become a common point of chagrin and humor among JoJo's Bizarre Adventure fans within the Anglosphere, most notably the renaming of Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap to "Filthy Acts at a Reasonable Price".
 * Currently, Stands that don't have an anime version of their Stand parameters are Tenore Sax, Love Deluxe, Echoes (ACT 2), Achtung Baby, Ratt, and Boy II Man.